• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.17-22
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• 2010

This paper analyzed the characteristics of p-multiplier and the load distribution of H-pile group installed in weathered soil under horizontal loading. The results of this study conducted in pile arrangement ($2{\times}3$, $3{\times}3$), the pile center to center spacing (2D, 4D, 6D), and soil density (relative density: 40%, 80%) were drawn as follows. As to the average horizontal loading applied to each pile in pile groups, the fewer number of piles was, the larger average horizontal resistance became. As the result of analysis on p-y curves of single piles and pile groups according to the pile distance and the soil density, as the pile spacing was increased from 2D to 6D, the interaction coefficients of pile group showed 0.85~0.94 (piles in the front row), 0.57~0.79 (piles in the middle row), and 0.60~0.71 (piles in the rear row) in the loose ground and showed 0.76~0.82 (piles in the front row), 0.58~0.73 (piles in the middle row), and 0.53~0.70 (piles in the rear row) in the dense ground. As above, the wider pile distance was, the larger interaction coefficient value was shown among piles. In addition, piles in the front row showed bigger interaction coefficients than that of piles in the middle and back row.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

In this study, combustion tests were performed to investigate combustion performance of a pintle injector engine with double row rectangular slot which uses kerosene and liquid oxygens as propellants. The double row rectangular slot was designed to improve the combustion performance of a pintle engine with a single row and the blockage factor was changed from 0.7 to 1.0. The main design parameters of the double row were distance between rows, area ratio and aspect ratio. The characteristic velocity efficiency was measured from 92.4 to 96.9 percentage for double row but 86.8 percentage for single row. It showed the highest combustion performance at the BF 0.85.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.133-137
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• 1969

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum row width and plant spacing within row under the tropical environment for a leading soybean variety Palmetto and it was carried out at Eakmat Experiment Station in Vietnam. The experiments were arranged in a split plot design with four replications and the test was repeated twice in two years. Variations for seed yield due to the distance between rows were significant at 1 per cent level in 1967 test(dry season growing) and at 5 per cent level in 1968 test. Significant differences for plant height, lodging, maturity, number of branches per plant, and number of pods per plant due to the row width were not found in both tests, while significant differences in difference spacing within row was found in all traits studied. Interaction between width of row and spacing within row for seed yield and plant height were found at five percent level in 1967 test. These results indicate that close planting may increase in seed yield and plant height in both seasons, and decrease in loadging. From these studies, one could be understood that the plant population, particularly in dry season, plays decisive roles on seed yield in soybean culture, and the maximum plant height and minimum value of lodging index were also observed in closest spacing plots. The highest soybean yield in late planting would be expected by a combinations of 30 cm(between rows)${\times}$5cm(between hills) plot, while 40cm ${\times}$ 5cm planting method would be suggested for rainy season growing. Highest seed yield was obtained at closet spacing in both dry and rainy season, and these results led to drilling method in seeding where about 20 seeds per meter of row could be recommended. Besides the seed yield, the close planting may produce some advantages, such as increase plant height and decrease lodging, weeds and erosion of surface soil.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2013

This paper proposes a two-phase genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the problem of obtaining an optimum configuration of a paired single row assembly line. We pair two single-row assembly lines due to the shared usage of several workstations, thus obtaining an optimum configuration by considering the material flow of the two rows simultaneously. The problem deals with assigning workstations to a sequence and selecting the best arrangement by looking at the length and width for each workstation. This can be considered as an enhancement of the single row facility layout problem (SRFLP), or the so-called paired SRFLP (PSRFLP). The objective of this PSRFLP is to find an optimal configuration that seeks to minimize the distance traveled by the material handler and even the use of the material handler itself if this is possible. Real-world applications of such a problem can be found for apparel, shoe, and other manual assembly lines. This research produces the schematic representation solution using the heuristic approach. The crossover and mutation will be utilized using the schematic representation solution to obtain the neighborhood solutions. The first phase of the GA result is recorded to get the best pair. Based on these best matched pairs, the second-phase GA can commence.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 1995

This study was conducted to find the design factors of spraying device of the boom sprayer for low volume application. Specific objectives of this study were 1) to select proper nozzles for broadcast spraying and row crop spraying by the nozzle spray characterisic experiment, and 2) to investigate the coverage characteristic of rice plant at the row crop spraying. The results of this study are summarized as follows. (1) From the tested results on the droplet diameter spectrum and spray pattern the standard flat-fan nozzle and drift guard nozzle were judged as appropriate for the broadcasting. Even flat-fan nozzle showed similar span values to standard flat-fan nozzles and drift guard nozzle : however, the nozzles were found to be inappropriate for broadcasting because of their spray pattern. Hollow cone nozzle showed relatively small span values and uniform spray pattern. (2) For the upper and lower sides of the rice plants, coverage rates of even flat-fan nozzles and hollow cone nozzles were maximum at the second row, but decreased rapidly after the third row. For the middle side of the rice plants, coverage rates of them were maximum at the first row, but decreased rapidly. When one nozzle was tested, C.V. values were in the range of 90~160% and 60~160% on entire heights of rice plant for even flat-fan nozzles and hollow cone nozzles respectively. C.V. values at other parts were poor. Spray coverage rate at the middle part was improved by overlapping the nozzles whereas there was little difference on the upper and lower part of rice plants. (3) For spraying lower part of rice plant between rows, even flat-fan nozzles and hollow cone nozzle were judged as appropriate, but in order to ensure the uniform coverage, distance between nozzles, recommended to be less than 90cm.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.39-56
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• 2019

In this study, we analyzed the effect of the Eungam Loop Line of Seoul Subway Line 6 on the sale price of adjacent row and multi-family houses on the accessibility and structural characteristics of subway stations. This study empirically analyzed a total of 17,938 cases from 2006 to 2017 based on data on the sale price of row and multi-family houses. In summary, the results of this study using the Hedonic Price Model are as follows. First, this study confirms that the Eungam Loop Line characteristics have a positive effect on the sale price as it is adjacent to the subway station. It is noteworthy that the sale price of 100-200m segment has a positive effect, and the sale price of Bulgwang station, which has excellent mobility and connectivity with CBD, YBD and GBD, has a positive effect. Second, this study shows the locational characteristics such as distance to bus stop, distance to mart, and distance to school have influence on the sale price. Third, this study finds the land characteristics such as land area, land shape, land facing, and road width, have significant effects on the sale price. Fourth, this study discovers the sale price is also is also affected by building and floor characteristics such as the type of housing, building area, the number of households, building age, elevator, and floor level.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.81-89
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• 2013

This paper considers the steering characteristics of a four-row tracked vehicle crawling on extremely cohesive soft soil, where each side is composed of two parallel tracks. The four-row tracked vehicle (FRTV) is assumed to be a rigid body with 6-DOF. A dynamic analysis program for the tracked vehicle is developed using the Newmark-${\beta}$ method based on an incremental-iterative scheme. A terra-mechanics model of an extremely cohesive soft soil is implemented in the form of the relationships of the normal pressure to the sinkage, the shear resistance to the shear displacement, and the dynamic sinkage to the shear displacement. In order to investigate the steering characteristics of the four-row tracked vehicle, a series of dynamic simulations is conducted with respect to the distance between the left and right tracks (pitch), steering ratios, driving velocity, reference track velocity, lengths of the tracks, and properties of the cohesive soft soil. Through these numerical simulations, the possibility of using a kinematic steering ratio is explored.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 2016

Since a sophisticated location determination technology (LDT) is necessary for accurate positioning in urban area environments, numerous studies related to the LDT using the RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) technology have been implemented for real-time positioning and data transferring. However, there are still lots of unsolved questions especially regarding what to use as base stations and what are corresponding results under the intrinsic complexity of alignment and configuration of components used for the RFID positioning. This study proposes the street light fixtures as base stations where the RFID receivers will be embedded for the mobile tracking scheme. As street light fixtures are usually installed at a certain distance interval, they can be used as base stations for the RFID receiver installation. Using the principle of the single row triangle network, the RFID receiver organization is determined based on the experiments such as recognition distance measurement and tag position accuracy estimation at inside and outside of the single row triangle network. The results verify that the mobile tracking scheme which uses RFID-embedded street light fixtures, suggested and configured in this study, is effective for the real-time outdoor positioning.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.6
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• pp.857-864
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• 2002

Channel coding is one of the most important things to improve digital communications. In this paper, we analyze the performance of turbo code with block interleaver using hopping algorithm (i. e., non-linear interleaver) for high speed multi-media service. The input and output of conventional block interleaver is achieved by the order of column and row, but hoping algorithm is achieved by hopping the column and row that increase the minimum distance and average distance between the nearest data dually. To verify and compare the performance of an proposed method the computer simulation have been performed using turbo code in gaussian channel environment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1747-1754
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• 1997

The helical array antenna is designed for domestic DBS(Directcast Satellite) reception. The antenna diameter is determined 30cm with 168 element s to cover from Moojoo (beam center) to Seoul. The helical antenna with 2-turns and 4.deg. pitch angle is chosen as array elements for good axial ratio and antenna height. In array antenna design, row distance is 0.787.lambda., array distance is 0.824.lambda. in the same row. The feed is constructed using the radial waveguide to decrease the height of antenna. The measured values of the designed antenna are not only satisfied with the design goals but also similar to theoritical values except the axial ratio.