• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2023

Purpose: The study examined the effect of dynamic taping and Kinesio Taping intervention on round shoulder posture, pectoralis minor length, craniovertebral angle, and balance in 20s adults with rounded shoulder posture. Methods: A total of 20s Adults with rounded shoulder posture were recruited and randomized to Group I (n = 15) and Group II (n = 15). Group I performed dynamic taping. Group II performed Kinesio Taping. Round shoulder posture and pectoralis minor length were measured using a tape measure. The craniovertebral angle was measured using a goniometer. Balance was measured using Biorescue. Results: As a result of comparison within groups, groups I and II showed a significant difference for round shoulder posture, pectoralis minor length, craniovertebral angle, and balance after the experiment (p < 0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group showed a more significant difference in round shoulder posture, pectoralis minor length, craniovertebral angle, and balance than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that dynamic taping intervention was effective in round shoulder posture, pectoralis minor length, craniovertebral angle, and balance in 20s adults with rounded shoulder posture.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2006

Although the round length for tunnel excavation has a major technical and economical impact in conventional tunnelling, there is no coherent procedure available for its determination. In this study, the influence of round length on the behaviour modes of weak rock tunnel was investigated by numerical analyses. Quantitative estimation of the behaviour modes of the face and the unsupported span was established by use of the safety factor for the face stability and the conditional chart. In addition, the optimum round length in the tunnel design stage was investigated based on the detail construction information such as cycle time and material costs. Although this proposed method has some restrictions, it is expected to provide useful information for the optimization of the tunnel excavation, especially in design stage.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.1 s.66
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• pp.9-16
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• 2007

The influence of round length on the tunnel stability and construction cost is well acknowledged by many researchers and engineers but the coherent procedure is not available for its determination. In this study, the behaviour modes of the face and unsupported span was investigated for weak rock tunnel by a small scale model test, PFC3D and FDM analyses in consideration of the round length. Total five types of behaviour modes are defined and quantitative estimation of the behaviour modes was established in terms of the safety factor for the face stability and the conditional chart. Although the proposed method has some restrictions, this method can provide useful information for the optimization of the round length and excavation, especially in design stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2002

Heungdukwang'(興德王) costume ordinance(834A.D.) is a very important written historical record because it reveals Tongil Shills's(統一新羅) costume. But among the clothing pieces that appeared in Heundukwang'(興德王) costume ordinance, classification of Naeoe(內衣) and Danoe(短衣) is not clear. This study focuses on the categorization of Naeoe(內衣) and Danoe(短衣). Upper garments included among costume ordinance were Pyooe(表衣), Naeoe(內衣) and Danoe(短衣), Pyooe(表衣) and aeoe(內衣) were unisex, while Danoe(短衣) was worn only by women excluding the lower class. Pyooe(表衣) is applicable to Po(袍), Naeoe(內衣) is aplicable to Yu(유). Shilla'(新羅) upper garments appearing in visual records are as follows: -With the exception of Pyooe(表衣), the length of men's upper garments were between hip and knee length. These upper garments featured V-neck and round neck styles with the left side of the garments folded over the right side. -Again excluding Pyooe(表衣), women's upper garments were similar to men's upper garments having V-neck and round necklines. We know this to be true from the relics found during the excavations of Hwangsungdong and Yonggangdong, as well as from the women in the stone reliefs of Sangju. Although we know the shape of necklines. the length of upper garments remained a mystery because women of that tome tucked in their upper garments into the skirts and/or wore an over garment. However a clay doll found around Bulguksa(佛國寺) wearing a knee length garment with V-neck. The upper garment was opened in the front and was worn over another garment with same length and round neckline. At that time, The upper garments found in China and Japan. were not much different than those found in Shilla (新羅). They also included garments that were waist length, had peach-shaped necklines, or were worn over head. Shilla's(新羅) traditional upper garment was between hip and knee length, but with the introduction and influence of Chinese costume. upper garments with a length coming down to the high waist line began to appear. In addition to Chinese influence, because Shilla's(新羅) women wore the upper garment first and then the lower garment, a long upper garment was not necessary. These shorter upper garments came to be known as 'Danoe(短衣)'When we perceive clothing. we look at silhouette first and then the details. Silhouette is much determined by length and neckline or the front of the garment determines the details, So we need to attention to the basis of ancient dress classifications. These classifications were according to first length [Po(袍), Yu(유)] and then neckline [Danryoung(團領), Jingryoung(首領)]. As a result. Naeoe(內衣) and Danoe(短衣) are classified by the length. The length (內衣) was between hip and knee length while Daneoe(短衣) was waist length. Danoe(短衣) was worn by putting the bottom of it inside skirt naeoe(內衣) was worn over a skirt or plant. But both had V-neck and round neck styles, and styles with the left side of the garments folded over the right side.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.302-310
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• 2001

The twisting and extrusion process of the product with involute helical fin from the round billet is developed by the upper bound analysis. The twisting of extruded product is caused by the twisted inclined die surface connecting the die enterance section and the die exit section linearly. In the analysis, the internal shear surface is defined as the curved twisted plane from the twisting of die surface and the shear work is calculated by the consumption of shear energy. The increase rate of angular velocity is determined by the minimization of plastic work. The angular velocity of die exit can be controlled by the land length and the length of inclined die. The alular velocity assums to be increased linearly by the axial distance from the die enterance to the die exit. The results of the analysis show that the angular velocity of the extruded product increases with the die twisting angle, the reduction of area, and decreases with the die length, the friction constant.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate basic data about the effects of muscle energy technique on the shoulder complex range of motion and posture alignment in the round shoulder posture. Methods: The subjects included 15 women that gave consent to participate in the study voluntarily. They performed the muscle energy technique for 30 minutes twice. The round shoulder posture was measured with a straight edge ruler. The shoulder complex range of motion was measured with the apley scratch test. The forward head posture was measured with ImageJ. The pectoralis minor muscle length was measured with a tape measure. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the round shoulder posture both right and left (p<.05). The experiment group showed statistically significant differences in the pectoralis minor muscle length (p<.05). There were significant differences in the shoulder complex range of motion including flexion, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left side bending, and right side bending (p<.05), but no significant differences were found in extension (p>.05). The forward head posture showed significant differences in CVA changes (p<.05) and no significant differences in CRA changes (p>.05). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the muscle energy technique relaxed muscles around the shoulders and increased the shoulder complex range of motion. The technique is also expected to prevent pain in the neck and shoulders and lower injury risk. In conclusion, the muscle energy technique can be applied as an effective intervention for round shoulder posture.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.302-314
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• 2023

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to classify the shapes of retromolar pads and assess their morphometric differences using a 3D model. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two hundred fully edentulous or Kennedy Class I partially edentulous patients (400 retromolar pads) were enrolled. Scan data of the definitive mandibular casts produced through functional impressions were obtained using a 3D laser scanner. Seven parameters (transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, transverse-contour length, longitudinal-contour length, longitudinal/transverse diameter ratio, longitudinal/transverse-contour length ratio, and angle of the retromolar pad line to the residual alveolar ridge line) were measured using image analysis software. Subsequently, the pads were classified according to the shape. Statistical analyses were performed using 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS. Classifying the retromolar pads into three shapes led to high intra-examiner reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.933). The pear shape was the most common (56.5%), followed by oval/round (27.7%) and triangular (15.8%) shapes. There were no significant differences between the left and right sides according to the shape and no significant differences in any parameter according to age. The transverse diameter and longitudinal/transverse diameter ratio differed between sexes (P < .05). The triangular shape had a significantly different transverse diameter, transverse-contour length, longitudinal/transverse diameter ratio, and longitudinal/transverse-contour length ratio compared with the pear and oval/round shapes (P < .05). CONCLUSION. From a clinical reliability standpoint, classifying retromolar pads into three shapes (oval/round, pear-shaped, and triangular) is effective. The differences in the sizes among the shapes were attributed to the transverse measurement values.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2001

The theoretical treatments on jets, in which the flow is issuing into a stagnant medium, have been based on Prandtl's mixing theory. In this study, using Prandtl's mixing length hypothesis, a theoretical relationship for the velocity profile of a single round jet is derived. Furthermore, Gaussian expression is used to approximate the theoretical relationship, in which the Gaussian coefficient is assumed to be decreasing exponentially as the flow goes far from the orifice. Two data sets for a single round jet performed by tow different techniques of measurement are used to verify the suggested relationships. The theoretical and Gaussian distribution give close results in spite of the difference in approach. The observed mean velocity distributions are in good agreements with the suggested theoretical and Gaussian distributions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.201-206
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• 2010

A project for construction of Korea Geodetic VLBI has officially started in Oct. 2008. The construction of all system will be completed by the end of 2011. The project was named Korea VLBI system for Geodesy (KVG), and its main purpose is to maintain the Korea Geodetic Datum. In case of the KVG system, an observation room where an H-maser frequency standard is located is in a building separated from an antenna by several tens of meters. Therefore KVG system will adopt a so-called round-trip system to transmit reference signals to the antenna with diminishing the effect of path length variations. KVG's round-trip system is designed not only available to use either metal or optical fiber cables, but also available to measure path length variations directly by using K5/VSSP32 sampler. We will present principle of round-trip system and the new type of round trip system for KVG.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.957-966
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• 2000

The effect of rotation on the discharge coefficient of orifices with various length-to-diameter ratios and two different inlet corner radii was studied. Length-to-diameter ratios of the orifices range from 0.2 to 10, while the inlet shapes are square edged, or round edges of radius-to-diameter ratio of 0.5. From the experiment, we found that rotational discharge coefficient and Rotation number, when based on ideal exit velocity of the orifice considering momentum transfer from the rotor, describe the effect of rotation very well. In this study, the discharge coefficients of rotating orifices are shown to behave similar to those of the well-known non-rotating orifices. For both rotating and non-rotating orifices, the discharge coefficients increase with the length-to-diameter ratio until a maximum is reached. The flow reattachments in the relatively short orifices are responsible for the increase. The coefficient then decreases with the length-to-diameter ratio due to the friction loss along the orifice bore. The length-to-diameter ratio that yields maximum discharge coefficient, however, increases with the Rotation number because the increased flow-approaching angle requires larger length-to-diameter ratio for complete reattachment. The length-to-diameter ratio for complete reattachment is shorter for round edged orifices than that of square edged orifices by about a unit length-to-diameter ratio.