• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2014

These studies were conducted to discriminate Cynanchum wilfordii, C. auriculatum, Metaplexis japonica, and Polygonum multiflorum by morphological characters. Cynanchum wilfordii, C. auriculatum, and Metaplexis japonica(Asclepiadaceae) were easily distinguished from Polygonum multiflorum by twining stem to the left, producing opposite leaves, having laticiferous stems and leaves at cutting cross-sectionally, and lacking lignification of the stem. Four species had different morphological characters of flower. Comparing four species to fruit type, three species of Asclepiadaceae had follicle, while Polygonum multiflorum had achene with three wings. Follicle shape was lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, and widely lanceolate in C. wilfordii, C. auriculatum, and Metaplexis japonica, respectively. Whereas seed color of four species was dark brown similarly, seed shape and 1,000 seed weight were useful characters to discrimate between three species of Asclepiadaceae and Polygonum multiflorum. Shape and color of root were thickened and yellowish brown in C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum. They were thin and long and white in Metaplexis japonica, and fusiform and reddish brown in Polygonum multiflorum. They would be useful characters to distinguish Cynanchum spp., Metaplexis japonica, and Polygonum multiflorum, however, impossible characters to discriminate between C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.542-550
• /
• 1996

An experiment with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants was designed to investigate the changes in non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) contents and the activities of amylolytic enzymes during a regrowth period following defoliation. Sampling from hydroponic grown-plants were carried out at intervals during 24 days of regrowth. Shoot regrowth was very slow during the first 10 days and root growth was depressed after defoliation. Defoliation induced a great decrease in both total sugar and starch contents in taproots during the first 10∼14 days. A major recovery of NSC occurred from day 15. Averaged over sampling dates, the activity of exo-amylase was about 400-fold higher than that of endo-amylase. Exo-amylase activity in defoliate plants slightly increased until day 6 (maximum level) and then decreased. Endo-amylase rapidly increased for the first 4 days after defoliation and slightly increased afterwards to a maximum on day 24. These results showed that increase in amylolytic enzyme activity in taproots coincided with the time of starch utilization during regrowth and that indicated it plays an important role in starch degradation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.94-98
• /
• 1990

Seven varieties of soybeans (Paldal, Danyeob, Jangbaek, Baegun, Jangyeobkong and 2 cultivars of Local 1 and Local 2) were investigated to compare the germination properties and cooking rate. The growth rate of soybean sprout roots was slower for larger size of soybeans. A 100% of germination was obtained for Danyeobkong and Paldalkong. Local 1 and Local 2 were lowest, 47% and 31%, respectively in germination ratio. The hardness of cooked soybeans measured by the maximum cutting force of cotyledon showed that Local 2 was softer and Danyeobkong was harder than other varieties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.193-197
• /
• 1982

1t is well known that the stem is filed with shoot units in the rice plant and each internode bears several crown roots. But it has not yet been ascertained that what controls the differential elongation of the crown roots in the same internode. Thereupon, author had been carried out this experiment to ascertain what controls the elongation of the crown roots in the same internode, especially on the conception of sink-source by leaf-cutting method. Generally, one shoot unit has two important sinks: one axillary bud (tiller) and several crown roots. When we removed the axillary bud, namely shoot unit has one sink: several crown roots, the crown roots formed near the midvein (source) were longer than the crown roots born near the axillary bud. And when the shoot unit has two sinks: one axillary bud and several crown roots, the other way, the crown roots formed at the prophyll unit of the tiller were longest, and the crown roots formed near the midvein were shortest and the crown roots born the near the tiller showed interim length. Juding from the present results, we can suppose that, when shoot unit has two sinks, axillary bud is superior sink than the crown roots. So that axillary bud grows faster than crown roots and tiller becomes a new source. Therefore the crown roots which formed at the new source and the crown roots born the near the new source are longer than others.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2014

Planetary gear design is complex because it involves a combination of discrete variables such as module, integer variables such as the number of teeth, and continuous variables such as face width and aspect ratio. Thus, an optimum design technique is needed. In this study, we applied a genetic algorithm to the design optimization of a planetary gear. In this algorithm, tooth root strength and surface durability are assessed with fundamental variables such as the number of teeth, module, pressure angle, and face width. With the help of this technique, gear designers could reduce trial and error in the initial design stages, thus cutting the time required for planetary gear design.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.329-335
• /
• 1984

The effect of peeling methods, spherecity and weight of potatoes and carrots on the peeling efficiency were investigated. The changes in the surface texture by peeling were estimated by Rheometer and were related to the changes in the microstructure. The optimum mechanical peeling conditions using abrasion type rotary peeler were 90 sec. at 300 rpm for potatoes, 70 sec. at 300 rpm for sweet potatoes and 60 sec. at 300 rpm for carrots. The peeling loss was influenced by the sphericity and weight of the sample. The optimum conditions for alkali peeling were 90 sec. immersion in boiling 10% NaOH solution for potatoes, 300 sec. in boiling 10% NaOH solution for sweet potatoes and 60 sec. in boiling 6% NaOH solution for carrots. Severe damage of surface structure was noticed by alkali peeling, demonstrated by denaturation of starch granules in the cell. The structural damage observed by microscope was related to the reduction of cutting force after peeling.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.202-205
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the effects of several rooting promoter treatments on rooting of Corylopsis coreana cutttings for mass production. In first year experiment, no effect of rooting promoters was observed in hardwood cuttings taken on March 20. However, In softwood cuttings of June 20, rooting potential was greatly increased by IBA $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dipping treatment for 24 hours. Particularly, IBA $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 24 hour dipping treatment greatly shortened the days required for the rooting. In second year experiment, the result of first year was reconfirmed. Almost of all the cuttings (97.8% of rooting rate) were well rooted after only 30 days after cutting by IBA $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 24 hour dipping treatment. In this treatment, numbers and length of root were also prominent compared with any other treatment results.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 2008

The object of this study was to determine the optimum concentrations of boron and IBA and dipping time, and to investigate the effect of combined-treatment of boron and IBA for the improvement of rooting of semi-hardwood cutting of Styrax japonica. The rooting percentage and the number of roots of cuttings increased with short dipping treatment of $7,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA and combined treatment of $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA and $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ boron or $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA and $60mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ boron. The rooting percentage, no. of roots and fresh weight were higher in combined treatment of boron and IBA than treatment of IBA alone. Either $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ or $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was regarded as in appropriate level of IBA and the optimal dipping time was three hour in single treatment of IBA. It is concluded that the combined treatment of low concentrations of IBA and boron could be substituted for the treatment of high concentration IBA.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2023

Background: This study aimed to identify the present level and needs of clinical dental hygienists and to present the Borich needs assessment and the locus for focus model as integrated priorities. Methods: The participants of this study were dental hygienists working in dental clinics (hospitals). The final data of the 194 participants were analyzed using frequency analysis and a paired sample t-test. To analyze the need for clinical dental hygienists to perform work, the Borich priority determination formula was used. The x-y plane consisting of four quadrants was used to analyze the need using the locus for focus model, which helps to determine the priority while showing visual effects. Results: "Scaling" was the highest required level for clinical dental hygienists, and "panorama taking" was the highest present level. The priorities of educational needs were systematically and visually derived from dental hygienists who were currently working through the Borich needs assessment and the locus for focus model for each task performed in the clinical field. Through the priorities of these two models, a total of 13 items appeared in the common high-level area; "oral health care (disability)," "oral health care (systemic disease)," "applying a rubber dam," "professional mechanical tooth cleaning," "root planing," "taking vital signs," "medication counseling," "wire cutting," "removing cement after removing band/bracket," "delivering bracket," "preparing mini-screw implantation," "dental insurance claim," and "patient reception." Conclusion: Based on the results, the department of dental hygiene should maintain and improve the standardized clinical practice curriculum and clinical dental hygienists' practical skills and contribute to the realization of the legal scope of dental hygienists, reflecting the requirements of clinical fields.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.26-34
• /
• 1994

When effects of exogenous hormone on hairy root cultures of Raphanus sativs cv. Chungpihongsim examined, the highest anthocyanin synthesis and disorganization were observed when 2, 4-D was supplemented to the culture medium Cytokinins showed early weak induction after transfer and ABA showed inhibitory effect and GA3 showed no effects in anthocyanin synthesis. Hormones except for 2, 4-D in 1 mg/$\ell$ concentration did not induce disorganization of hairy root and retarded growth of hairy root. Time-course changes in anthocyanin synthesis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and chalcone synthase activity were examined in culture condition contalning 2, 4-D and kinetin. In a medium containing 2, 4-D, anthocyanin synthesis began to increase on the 9th day and reaching maxima on the 18th day after transfer. Maximum peak of PAL activity appeared on the 3-9th day and another minor peak appeared on the 18th day. CHS activity increased from 9th day, reaching maximum on the 18th day and remained at a relatively high level for culture period. In a medium containing kinetin, anthocyanin synthesis increased temporarily on the 6-9th days, early days after transfer and maintained at a low level for remaining culture period. Peak of PAL activity appeared on the 6th day and CHS activity increased from the 6th days, reaching maxima about 18th day and remained at a relatively high level. In particular, addition of kinetin after preculture in hormone free medium for 2 weeks which was thought of wound healing period showed no effects in anthocyanin synthesis. This results showed that stimulation of anthocyanin synthesis by 2, 4-D and kinetin was meaningfully connected with changes of PAL, CHS activity, and then suggested rate-limiting role of CHS on anthocyanin synthesis in that there is close correlation between anthocyanin synthesis and changes of CHS activity in time-course. Besides, it is considered that cytoklnins involving kinetin stimulated anthocyanin synthesis be due to "wound response" by cutting of young roots, and that difference in time-course peak and PAL, CHS activities expressed by 2, 4-D and kinetin result from occurrence of isozyme which have different regulatory mechanism.mechanism.