• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 2016

This study investigated several anatomical characteristics of Paulownia tomentosa roots. The root wood was separated into three parts from stem base (top, middle, and base) at different positions below ground. Qualitative anatomical data suggested that the growth rings in earlywood and latewood were structurally different. Furthermore, the root wood vessels were found having 2 to 3 radial multiples and they were appeared in the form of clusters. In addition, some sheath cells and septate axial parenchyma were observed. Regarding the quantitative anatomical characteristics, vessel and ray numbers per $mm^2$, as well as ray width and height differed significantly among the top, middle, and base rood wood parts. However, there were no significant differences in vessel diameters, cell wall thickness, and width and length of wood fibers among those parts. The crystallinity of the root top part was slightly higher than that of the middle and base parts. Furthermore, the vessel numbers, ray numbers, and ray width and height in the near pith (NP) area were higher compared to those in the near bark (NB) area. However, the fiber width and fiber length at NP were lower than those at NB. Overall, this study demonstrated some significant differences in the anatomical characteristics of the top, middle, and base parts of root wood from Paulownia tomentosa.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.487-495
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 식생호안의 안정성 평가에 중요한 인자인 식생 근모량의 채취와 산정방법을 제시하였다. 또한 근모량에 따른 식생호안의 침식특성을 수리모형실험을 통하여 분석하였다. 수리모형실험에 사용한 식생으로는 국내 최우점종으로 확인된 달뿌리풀과 잔디이다. 유속별 근모량에 따른 침식특성으로 침식깊이와 침식률을 분석하고 그 관계식을 제시하였다. 실험결과 근모량이 증가함에 따라 침식깊이가 현저하게 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 침식률의 산정결과 근모량이 증가함에 따라 침식에 대한 저항능력이 현저하게 증가함을 알 수 있었으며, 달뿌리풀과 잔디 각각의 식생별 및 전체 cases별 관계곡선식을 도출하여 높은 결정계수를 가짐을 확인하였다. 또한 달뿌리풀보다 잔디의 침식저항능력이 더욱 뛰어남을 확인하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to identify characteristics of domestic pine forest soils and to elucidate major soil influencing factors for natural regeneration. We analyzed the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil samples collected from 23 pine forests and confirmed the similar results with the forest soil characteristics. Soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, exchangeable Ca, silt content, and exchangeable Al were selected as the major soil factors among the exposed soils through 10 days of pine seedlings exposure and cultivation experiments and statistical analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed that soil pH had a positive effect on specific root length (SRL) of red pine seedlings and exchangeable Al was a significant factor affecting negative change in SRL. Taken together, the reduction of exchangeable Al by soil pH adjustment would be helpful for natural regeneration by restoring the forest and improving the fine root and root integrity of pine seedlings. Therefore, soil pH and exchangeable Al could be recommended as a major soil factor to be carefully considered in the monitoring and management of soil in pine forests that need to be renewed in the future.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2011

Cicada is a very familiar insect to people but habitat characteristics of them are not well known. To investigate habitat characteristics of cicada nymph, plant species, plant cover, soil hardness, accumulated organic mass, organic content in soil, and root density were investigated at 11 sites in an apartment complex garden in Seoul. Selected sites had different densities of cicada nymph case above the ground. Density of cicada nymph case was positively correlated with accumulated organic mass, organic content in soil, and root density and negatively correlated with soil hardness. Even though shrub coverage was not linearly correlated with the density of cicada nymph case, 80% cover of shrub was necessary for the high density of them. Data in this study suggested that organic matter in addition to root density be the primary limitation factor of cicada nymph and high amount of litter-fall decrease soil hardness through the increase of soil organic matter. This study suggests that the density of cicada nymph can be managed through organic content in soil.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.158-164
• /
• 2018

Background: The study was carried out to assess the genetic variability present in ashwagandha and to examine the nature of associations of various traits to the root yield of the plant. Methods: Fifty-three diverse genetic stocks of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) were evaluated for 14 quantitative characteristics. Analysis of variance, correlation, and path coefficient analysis were performed using the mean data of 2 years. Results: Analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes differed significantly for all characteristics studied. High heritability in conjunction with high genetic advance was observed for fresh root weight, 12 deoxywithastramonolide in roots, and plant height, which indicated that selection could be effective for these traits. Dry root weight has a tight linkage with plant height and fresh root weight. Further, in path coefficient analysis, fresh root weight, total alkaloid (%) in leaves, and 12 deoxywithastramonolide (%) in roots had the highest positive direct effect on dry root weight. Conclusion: Therefore, these characteristics can be exploited to improve dry root weight in ashwagandha genotypes and there is also scope for the selection of promising and specific chemotypes (based on the alkaloid content) from the present germplasm.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2018

In this study, the traditional takju was manufactured using the finger root, which was recognized as a health functional ingredient, and analyzed the physicochemical and sensory quality characteristics according to the period of fermentation. The pH was significantly low(p<0.05) in all samples until the second day of fermentation, and the pH tended to increase again from the third day of fermentation. The pH value was decreased as the amount of finger root was decreased(p<0.05). The acidity of takju was significantly lower at 0.17~0.21 immediately after fermentation(p<0.05). The acidity of FR0 showed significantly the highest value(p<0.05). The sugar content of takju was significantly increased in all the samples until the 2nd day of fermentation(p<0.05). On the 7th day, it showed the lowest value at $11.01{\sim}12.63^{\circ}Brix$. The sugar content of FR0 was significantly lowest value(p<0.05). The alcohol content of takju was significantly increased as the fermentation proceeded, and the highest value was 11.90~13.50% at 7 days(p<0.05). The alcohol content of RF0 was significantly higher than other samples(p<0.05). As a result of organic acid analysis of finger root takju fermented for 7 days, citric acid(3.35%) showed the highest content of FR3(p<0.05). The content of fructose increased with increasing finger root amount (p<0.05). As a result of sensory evaluation of finger root takju, FR1 and FR2 samples tended to be lower in score than FR0, and FR3 showed the highest score. The overall acceptance value of FR0 was 7.5 and FR3 was 7.57.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.71-73
• /
• 2008

Different biosolid fuel (wood pellet) properties between trunk and root of pine (Pinus densiflora) biomass were investigated. Trunk has more organic solvent extracts and Klason lignin content which has higher heating values than root biomass component. In root biomass, polysaccharides content was higher than trunk biomass. Based on Higher Heating Value (HHD) analysis and ash content, trunk biomass showed better solid fuel characteristics than root biomass. But pine root biomass had lower HHD than trunk biomass, its HHD values were higher than other hardwood or annual plant lignocellulosic biomass.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 1993

In 61 abolished ginseng fields examined in 1986, the average plant missing was 49.2%, root rusting, 34.4%, and root rot, 3.3%. Plant missing was not different among the ages of ginseng fields; however, rate of root rusting was high in 3- and 4-year-old ginseng fields, and rate of root rot was high in 5- and 6-year-old ginseng fields, suggesting that root rusting and root rot were relatively more important factors related to the abolishment of ginseng filed in younger and older ginseng fields in 1986, respectively. Out of 61 ginseng fields, 18 were infested with more than 509) alternaria blights, and out of 19 fields with root rot, 2 were caused by Sclerotinia sp., 5 by potato rot nematode, and the causal agents were not identified in 12 fields. With increase of the ridge height, root rusting was significantly decreased, and plant missing rate was significantly lower in fields with straw mulching than those without mulching. The physico-chemical characteristics of the fields with more than 50fi root rusting, the contents of $NO_3,\;P_2O_5$ and Ca were higher than those of good fields with less than 40% root rusting and plant missing. The population of Erwinia sp. was significantly corralled with plant missing.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.36-45
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to formulate management guidelines for monumental old trees in Korea through analysis of growing environments. A total of 20 old trees designated as natural monuments in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi provinces were surveyed for biological characteristics, surrounding environments, root collar conditions, tree health, and soil characteristics. Relationships among root collar conditions, tree health, and soil characteristics were analyzed by correlation. The old solitary trees designated as natural monuments included Pinus bungeana(4 trees), Juniperus chinensis(3 trees), Ginkgo biloba(3 trees), Poncirus trifoliata(2 trees), Actinidia arguta, Wisteria floribunda, Thuja orientalis, Quercus variabilis, Sophora japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Zelkova serrata, and Pinus densiflora. The tree height ranged from 3.56 to 67m, and root collar diameter ranged from 1.01 to 15.2m. The monumental old trees were growing on the various sites ranging from gardens, historical sites, open agricultural fields, mountain hills, to near the ocean beaches and streams. The coverage of bald land ranged from 50 to 100%, and depth of filled soil around the root collar ranged from 0 to 50cm. Tree health was expressed as the amount of branch dieback, cavity development, detachment of cambial tissue, infliction by diseases and insects. The branch dieback ranged from 5 to 20%, cavity development ranged from 10 to 100$cm^3$, detachment of cambial tissue ranged from 5 to 45%, and infliction by diseases and insects ranged from 5 to 20%. Soil pH ranged from 5.9 to 8.3, organic matter contents from 12 to 56%, phosphorus contents from 104 to 618ppm, while soil compaction ranged from 7 to 28mm. Results of correlation analysis showed that coverage of bald land was the most serious factor to deteriorate the cavity development and detachment of cambial tissue. In addition, chemical properties of soils seemed to be related to the health of the trees.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제101권2호
• /
• pp.317-323
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 우리나라 남부지방의 주요 조림수종인 편백(Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) 노지묘와 용기묘의 생육단계별 생장특성을 탐구하고자 수행되었다. 1년생 노지묘의 간장생장은 용적이 31.2 mL와 300 mL 용기에서 생장한 용기묘 보다 좋았으며, 근원경 생장은 300 mL 용기의 용기묘가 가장 좋았다. 2년생 노지묘는 300 mL 용기의 용기묘보다 간장 및 근원경생장이 양호한 것으로 조사되었다. 건물생산량 비교에서, 1년생 지상부는 32 mL 용기묘가, 지하부 및 전체 건물생산량은 300 mL 용기묘가 가장 높았다. 2년생의 경우는 지상부는 노지묘가, 지하부는 용기묘의 건물생산량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 뿌리전체길이, 뿌리투영단면적, 뿌리표면적, 뿌리평균직경, 뿌리부피 등 묘목의 뿌리형태 특성 비교에서, 1, 2년생 용기묘 모두 뿌리평균직경을 제외하고는 노지묘보다 더 높은 생장을 보였다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 편백 묘목생산과정에서 용기묘가 노지묘에 비해 상대적으로 뿌리발달이 뛰어난 묘목으로 생장한 것으로 판단된다.