• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preferred method of root canal length determination and the apical limit for canal instrumentation among endodontic teachers of dental school. A questionnaire on the preferred method of root canal length determination and the apical limit for canal instrumentation was designed and distributed to endodontic teachers of various dental schools. The response rate was 90%. The most preferred method of root canal length determination was Electronic apex locator (EAL)(89%). The most favoured apical limit for canal instrumentation was 0.5 to 1.0 mm short of the radiographic apex(78%). The most preferred method of using EAL was that the working length is taken at 'APEX' mark and then distracted 0.5mm from that length.(41%). When there is no agreement between radiographic measurement and EAL measurement, 74% of respondents chose the length of EAL measurement. The majority of endodontic teachers from Korean dental schools preferred EAL to radiograph method in determining root canal length.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.11
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to present the results and analyses of clinical trials, including updates on the different functions of root canal sealers. Materials and Methods: In June 2023, we performed a comprehensive search of ClinicalTrials.gov to identify interventional clinical trials pertaining to root canal sealers. In total, 23 clinical trials conducted up to June 2023 were included in this study. Results: Approximately half of the trials (11 out of 23) were completed, while none were terminated or withdrawn. Each included trial had a minimum of 10 participants, with 11 trials having more than 100 participants. None of the assessed trials provided outcomes, and the majority (17 out of 23) lacked associated publications. In terms of geographic distribution, the USA and Canada did not contribute to any root canal sealer trials. Conclusions: This study highlights the lack of diversity in trial locations, the absence of reported results, and a scarcity of clinical trials examining the physicochemical properties of different sealers. Most published trials primarily focused on assessing the post-operative pain effect of these sealers, but no significant difference was found regarding post-operative pain control.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.216-226
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• 2020

Root resorption can be caused by several factors, including contact with the cortical bone. Here we report a case involving a 21-year-old female with Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion who exhibited significant root resorption in the maxillary right central incisor after orthodontic treatment. The patient presented with significant left-sided deviation of the maxillary incisors due to lingual dislocation of the left lateral incisor and a Class II molar relationship. Cephalometric analysis demonstrated a Class I skeletal relationship (A point-nasion-B point, 2.5°) and proclined maxillary anterior teeth (upper incisor to sella-nasion plane angle, 113.4°). The primary treatment objectives were the achievement of stable occlusion with midline agreement between the maxillary and mandibular dentitions and appropriate maxillary anterior tooth axes and molar relationship. A panoramic radiograph obtained after active treatment showed significant root resorption in the maxillary right central incisor; therefore, we performed cone-beam computed tomography, which confirmed root resorption along the cortical bone around the incisive canal. The findings from this case, where different degrees of root resorption were observed despite comparable degrees of orthodontic movement in the bilateral maxillary central incisors, suggest that the incisive canal could be an inducing factor for root resorption. However, further investigation is necessary to confirm this assumption.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.254-262
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the postoperative pain and clinical performance after applying three different intracanal medicaments and root canal sealers. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five patients requiring root canal treatment due to symptomatic apical periodontitis were included in this study. After a glide path preparation by using PathFile, each canal was shaped with ProTaper Next file system. After the canal cleaning and shaping procedure, the canal was dried and each intracanal medicaments were adjusted (Calcipex II, TRC-paste, Metapaste). At the next visit, the patients were requested to answer the absence of the pain after the procedure. Once the patients showed no symptom, the canal was obturated with each corresponded root canal sealers (AH plus, Radic-sealer, ADseal). The patients were recalled after 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months to check the postoperative pain or unexpected clinical signs. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc comparison, and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis to evaluate any differences among tested materials. Results: The average number of visits for intracanal medication was 2.69, 2.65, and 2.61 for Calcipex II, TRC-paste, and Metapaste. There were no statistically differences in post-obturation pain among three groups obturated with different root canal sealers (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Under the limitations of this study, three tested intracanal medicaments and epoxy resin root canal sealers showed clinically acceptable similar results.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 1992

Periapical lesions are developed as a result of inflammatory response to irritants from root canal system. Clinicians remove these irritants from root canal system and seal the root canal space to induce healing of the periapical lesions. Immunopathologic responses may play an important role in development and progression of periapical lesions and periapical lesions contain immunocompetent cells. The purposes of the present study were to analys and to compare the distribution of the immunocompetent cells in the human periapical lesions according to the stage of endodontic treatment using indirect immunoperoxdase technique. Obtained 94 human periapical lesions were devided into four groups: Group 1 : no endodontic treatment(28 samples) Group 2 : root canal enlarged and irrigated(28 samples) Group 3 : root canal filled(29 samples) Group 4: unknown(9 samples) Monoclonal antibodies to examine target cells were UCHL-1 for T lymphocytes(1 : 200, Dakopatt, Denmark), L26 for B lymphocytes(1 : 200, Dakopatt, Denmark), OPD4 for helper T lymphocytes(l : 200, Dakopatt, Denmark) and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin for macrophages(l : 2000, Dakopatt, Denmark). The following results were obtained : 1. All the periapical lesions studied were infiltrated by T lymphocytes, plasma cells, B lymphocytes, and macrophages. T lymphocytes were more infiltrated than B lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes and macrophages were less infiltrated than T lymphocytes and plasma cells(P<0.05 : Oneway ANOVA test). 2. In untreated group and canal irrigated and enlarged group of all the periapical lesions, helper T lymphocytes were predominently infiltrated(P>0.05 : Oneway ANOVA test). 3. In canal filled groups of all lesions except periapical cyst, plasma cells were predominently infiltrated. But, in canal filled group of periapical cyst, helper T lymphocytes were the predominent cells(P>0.05 : Oneway ANOVA test). The above results shows that the immunologic responses play important role in pathogenesis of periapical lesions and the immunologic response involved undergoes certain changes after endodontic therapy.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.38 no.3 s.370
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• pp.288-292
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• 2000

Perhaps the most frustrating scenario in dentistry lies in the apparently well-instrumented and well-obturated tooth that, becomes symptomatic after treatment of shows a periapical lesion on recall examination. Conventional root canal treatment demands stringent adherence to asepsis, awareness of canal morphology, and mastery of a variety of clinical techniques. But the risk of endodontic failure does not end with canal obturation. The quality of the coronal restoration may have a greater bearing on the ultimate success of a case than the quality of the root canal treatment itself. This review of the endodontic literature will define coronal leakage, describe its influence on endodontic treatment failures, and make specific recommendations on prevention.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.628-632
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• 1999

Currently electronic apex locators have been widely used to determine working length in endodontic treatment. According to Manufacture's recommendation, it is beneficial to find the working length before instrumenting the canal. However, in crown-down pressureless technique, working length of tooth is established following coronal instrumentation 3mm short of radiographic apex. In narrow canals, mechanically formed constriction might be established by coronal instrumentation in some distance from anatomical constriction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Root-ZX in the canal with mechanical constriction following considerable coronal enlargement with ProFile .06 series. The 40 root canals in 30 extracted mandibular molars were accessed, and their actual length (AL) established by passing a size 10 file just through the minor apical foramen. The teeth were then embedded in an acrylic container with normal saline. The initial canal length(IL) was measured with Root-ZX by negotiating a size 10 file to the apical constriction. The canal was sequentially enlarged to size 40 with ProFile .06 file 3mm short of actual length. The enlarged final canal lengths (FL) were obtained with a size 15 file. The average values of IL, FL were calculated and compared using Repeated measures Analysis of Variance followed Turkey's Studentized Range test. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The initial canal length was 0.12mm shorter than actual canal length(P>0.05). 2. The differences between initial canal length and final canal length were not significant(P>0.05). 3. As a result of this study, regardless of mechanically formed constriction. Root-ZX differentiated between mechanical and anatomic constriction.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.11.1-11.11
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• 2022

This study aimed to describe the outcomes of the GentleWave system (GW) (Sonendo) on root canal treatment. Published articles were collected from scientific databases (MEDLINE/PubMed platform, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Embase). A total of 24 studies were collected from August/2014 to July/2021, 20 in vitro and 4 clinical. GW System was not associated with extrusion of the irrigant, promoted faster organic dissolution than conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) continuous ultrasonic irrigation (CUI) and EndoVac, reduced more bacterial DNA and biofilm than PUI and CUI, promoted higher penetration of sodium hypochlorite into dentinal tubules than PUI and CUI in vitro, and removed more intracanal medication than CSI and PUI. GW was able to remove pulp tissue and calcifications. Moreover, its ability to remove hard-tissue debris and smear layer was better than that of CSI, and its ability to remove root canal obturation residues was lower or similar to that of PUI, and similar to that of CSI and EndoVac. Regarding root canal obturation of minimally instrumented molar canals, GW was associated with high-quality obturation. Clinically, the success rate of endodontic treatment using GW was 97.3%, and the short-term postoperative pain in the GW group was not different from CSI. Further research, mainly clinical, is needed to establish whether GW has any advantages over other available irrigation methods.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 2016

Root fracture is defined as a fracture involving the dentin, cementum, and pulp. Most fractures occur in the maxillary anterior teeth between the ages of 11 and 20 years old. The treatment for root fracture in permanent teeth involves the reduction and fixation of the displaced coronal segment. When signs of pulp necrosis or inflammatory root resorption are present, root canal therapy should be performed. Since most apical fragments maintain pulp vitality, root canal therapy is typically limited to coronal fragments. However, it's too difficult to achieve a proper apical stop on coronal fragment. Intentional replantation involves performing root apex treatment outside the mouth after intentional extraction of the tooth in a controlled environment and then replanting it. The objective is 'perfect' root canal therapy. Intentional replantation may be used in cases of failed typical root canal therapy, problematic endodontic retreatment due to the existing restoration or a calcified root canal, and when apical surgery is contraindicated because of a lack of reasonable approaches. In this case, intentional replantation was carried out to treat a horizontal root fracture in a maxillary central incisor with a calcified root canal due to previous trauma. We achieved a clinically and functionally satisfactory result.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2018

In the root fracture, pulp necrosis tends to involve only the coronal fragment, while the pulp in the apical fragment remains vital. The prognosis of endodontic treatment of the apical fragment is poor due to the possibility of overfilling of the space between the fragments and difficulty in removing necrotic tissue. In the present cases, endodontic treatment of the apical fragment of root fracture was performed. However, in reendodontic treatment, resistance was felt at the fracture site and access to the root canal in the apical fragment was difficult. Therefore, the calcium hydroxide was periodically exchanged only in the coronal fragment without further treatment in the apical fragment and the canal of the coronal fragment was finally filled with Gutta-percha. Regular observation revealed no radiologic complications in the apical fragment. In some cases, we can observe good healing pattern such as absorption of calcium hydroxide and pulp canal obliteration of apical fragment in the long term.