• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1485-1496
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• 2002

In order to investigate the fire-induced smoke movement in a three-dimensional room with an open door, numerical and experimental study was performed. The center, wall, and corner fire plumes for various sized fires were studied experimentally in a rectangular pool fire using methanol as a fuel. The numerical results from a self-developed SMEP (Smoke Movement Estimating Program) field model were compared with experimental results obtained in this and from literature. Comparisons of SMEP and experimental results have shown reasonable agreement. As the fire strength became larger for the center fires, the air mass flow rate in the door, average hot layer temperature, flame angle and mean flame height were observed to increase but the doorway-neutral-planeheight and the steady-state time were observed to decrease. Also as the wall effect became larger in room fires, the hot layer temperature, mean flame height, doorway-neutral-planeheight and steady-state time were observed to increase. In the egress point of view considering the smoke filling time and the early spread of plume in the room space, the results of the center fire appeared to be more dangerous as compared with the wall and the corner fire. Thus it is necessary to consider the wall effect as an important factor in designing efficient fire protection systems.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2014

This study predicts damaging risk factors in apartment fire situation by using CFAST. The software was developed by Building and Fire Research Lab, that is government affiliated organization of the National Institute of Standards Technology. This analysis scenarios werec well verified by experimental results. Situation of the living room and the second room as well as the bedroom tends to be qualitatively the same with the experimental data. In case of apartment fire, it is predicted that they have been got into trouble with dizziness, badly vomiting and paralysis symptoms due to short oxygen and excessive carbon dioxide when persons were left out in the living room or second room.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.199-207
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• 2014

In this paper, to systematically assess the abandonment risk of main control room (MCR) fire, fire simulations with Fire Dynamics Simulator were performed and abandonment probabilities were estimated for the MCR bench-board fire of domestic reference nuclear power plant. The fire simulation scenarios performed in this study included propagating and non-propagating fires of the MCR bench-board, and the availability and unavailability of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system (HVACS). The following results were obtained. First, temperature was the major abandonment impact factor for the MCR bench-board fire if the HVACS was available and optical density was that if the HVACS was unavailable. Second, the fire scenario contributing the MCR bench-board fire abandonment risk was identified to be only the propagating fire. Third, it was confirmed that the abandonment probability of the MCR bench-board fire for domestic reference nuclear power plant could be reduced by using the fire modeling.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.351-364
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• 2021

Purpose: Fire load analysis was conducted to secure basic data for evaluating fire risk of educational facilities. In order to calculate the fire load through a preliminary survey, basic data related to the fire load of school facilities were collected. Method: The basic data were the definition and types of fire loads, combustion heat data for the calculation of fire loads. The fire load was evaluated by multiplying the combustion heat by the weight of the combustibles in the compartment when calculating the fire load. Result: As for the fixed combustible materials of A-elementary school, the floor was mainly made of wood, in consideration of emotion and safety in the classroom, music room, and school office, and the rest of the compartments were made of stone. The ceiling and walls were made of gypsum board and concrete, so they were not combustible. The typical inflammable items in each room were desks, chairs, and lockers in the classroom, and the laboratory equipment box and experimental tool box were the main components in the science room, and books, bookshelves, and reading equipment occupied a large proportion in the library room. Conclusion: 'The fire loads of A-elementary' schools according to the combustibles loaded were in the order of library, computer room, English learning room, teacher's office, general classroom, science hall, and music room.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

With the "Fire Protection Building Plan" of the Building Center of Japan as a sample, actual evacuation plans used for large scaled and multi-storied buildings are analyzed. Sufficient number of samples were classified into 6 categories. For room evacuation, time to pass through the exit was the most critical point for larger spaces and movement time in the room was the key for smaller evacuation object zone and less number of evacuees. Seen from the location of fire breakout point, it was witnessed that the numbers of crowding at the exits of the fire escape staircase are serious for floor level evacuation. For vertical traffic line, it was actually proved that time to fire escaping floor is problem of higher buildings. It was also proved that special evacuation methods are in practical use in many buildings in japan.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.197-211
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• 2007

The power of semiconductor, Korea is continuously constructing semiconductor production line for keeping a front-runner status. however, studies and data about potential risks in semiconductor factory are still short. If fire does not initially suppressed, the fire causes a great damage. To decrease fire risk factors, in addition to fire fighting safety equipment, more important thing is how to design and construct fire protection system. The current fire protection codes about semiconductor factory come under functional law, and this law is short of consideration about particularity of factory. The existing prescriptive fire codes depending on experience compose without evident engineering verifications, thus equipments which is created by the current prescriptive fire code may bring about a variety of problems. For example, the design under the current regulation can not cope with the excessive investments, low efficiencies, and the diversifying construction designs and be applied to the quick changes of new technologies. Ergo, an optimal design for fire protection is to equip fire protection arrangements with condition and environment of production field. Manufacturing factory of semiconductors is a windowless airtight space. And for cleanliness, there exists strong flow of cooperation. Therefore, there is a need for fire safety design that meets the characteristic of a clean room. Accordingly, we are to derive smoke flow according to cooperation process within a clean room and construction plan of an optimal sensor system. In this study, in order to confirm the performance of proposed smoke-exhaust equipment and suggest efficient smoke exhaust device when there is a fire of 1MW of methane in the clean room of company H, we have implemented fire simulation using fluid dynamics computation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.35-44
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• 2021

The PR (Photo Resist) process in the semiconductor process is a process that uses a mixture of flammable substances. Due to the process equipment is installed in a clean room and when flammable substances leak, there is a high risk of suffocation, fire, and explosion. It is necessary to analyze the impact of accidents that may occur during operation and to evaluate whether the safety of workers can be guaranteed. In this study, the value of radiant heat and temperature change at the monitor point set up virtual inside the clean room was confirmed through CFD simulation of 10 leak and fire scenarios using the FLACS CFD - Fire Module. A fire that occurs inside a clean room transfers high radiant heat to the inter-story structure, but its scope is quite limited, and it is unlikely that it will collapse in a single fire accident. There was no scenario in which two stairs leading to the exit were exposed to high radiant heat at the same time due to a fire accident, therefore workers were able to escape in case of a fire. In addition, it was confirmed that the level of radiant heat and temperature rise rapidly decreased as they moved downstairs. According to the API 520 standard, workers exposed to 6.31 kW/m² of radiant heat that workers can withstand for 30 seconds were confirmed that it was possible to sufficiently escape from the inside.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.157-163
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• 2001

The objective of the present study is to predict the characteristics of the fire and smoke propagations in a clean room. Numerical calculations have been performed by using the finite volume method to obtain temperature and velocity distributions in the clean room. In odor to account for the turbulent flow characteristics, the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model is used. From this study, it was found that the fire propagation could be fully developed only after 150 seconds when the ventilation system in the clean room was off. And the smoke mass fraction showed a similar distribution as the gas temperature. Since the simulated fire was proceeded up to $20{\sim}30%$ of the room within 60 seconds. it could be recommended that the occupants should be evacuated from the room within 30 seconds.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.484-491
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• 1997

In this paper, an approach to determine the in-ordinal condition of a room, which is based on multi variable analysis, is proposed. According to this approach, the distance of a state from the ordinal condition is thought to be evaluated by the Mahalanobis' distance. The temperature changes of a room were measured and their statistical characteristics such as distribution type, the mean value and the standard deviation are studied. The applicability of the method for the fire detection is also investigated.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.405-409
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• 2007

This paper focused on the way of prevention of disaster in the accident of explosion when the fire broke out in the boiler room where installed the basement of the building, and showed the effective ways for sustaining people and property safely in the view of problems and improvement of the law and safety awareness of people.