• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.461-467
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of radiation protection in operating room and intensive care unit nurses. The Participants for this study consisted of 240 nurses working in operating rooms and intensive care units of 7 general hospitals located in Busan, South Korea. The data were collected from Feb. 15 to Feb. 29, 2016. The study results were as follows. First, 72.9% of the nurses had never been educated for radiation safety. Second, the mean score of knowledge for radiation protection was 9.21. The knowledge score of radiation safety educated nurses is higher than uneducated of nurses(t=-5.67, p<.001). Third, The mean score of attitude towards radiation protection was 41.80. The attitude score of radiation safety educated nurses is lower than uneducated of nurses(t=0.02, p<.030). Fourth, the mean score of behavior for radiation protection was 32.57. The behavior score of radiation safety educated nurses is higher than uneducated of nurses(t=0.35, p=.001). Consequently, it was found that nurses had lack of the radiation safety education. Overall knowledge and behavior towards radiation protection was low. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness of radiation protection and to educate, manage, and improve processes to increasing compliance with protective measures against radiation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.188-195
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• 2002

To investigate the degradation of mechanical properties induced mainly by neutron irradiation, the tensile tests were conducted from room temperature to 300\\`c using the irradiated and the unirradiated Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube materials. The irradiated longitudinal and transverse specimens were collected from the coolant inlet, middle, and outlet parts of M-11 tube which had been operated in Wolsung CANDU Unit-1 and exposed to different operating temperatures and irradiation fluences. The different tensile behavior was characterized not by the fluences of irradiation but by the tensile loading direction. The transverse specimen showed the higher strength and lower elongation than those of the longitudinal one. It was believed that these phenomena resulted from the microstructure anisotropy caused by the extrusion process. The increased strength hardening and decreased elongation embrittlement of the irradiated material were compard to those of the unirradiated one. While the tensile strength of the inlet was higher than that of the outlet, the elongation of the inlet was lower than that of outlet. Considering the operation condition, it was proposed that the operating temperature could be a more effective parameter than the irradiation fluence for long-time life. Through the TEM observation, it was found that while the a-type dislocation density was increased, the c-type dislocation was not changed in the irradiated. The fact that the higher dislocation density was sequentially distributed over the inlet, the middle, and the outlet parts was consistent with the distribution of the tensile strength.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.213-230
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the state of infection control provided to members of Korean Dental Hygienists Association. The subjects in this study were dental hygienists who attended a symposium on July 1. 2006. after a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 489 participants were analyzed, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. Possession of disinfection room was being(72.7%), and person of infection control was zero(52.9%). Number of sterilizer was one(62.2%). 2. As a repetition choice, type of sterilizer was autoclave(97.9%), UV sterilizer(67.4%) and EO gas sterilizer(21.4%). As a repetition choice, infection materials was ethanol(84.1%). 3. Water tube of unit and chair was using of sterilized water(42.9%). Sterilizing of compressed air was no(69.0%). 4. Re-using of disposal was not using(62.5%), re-using disposal was suction tip(28.2%)(repetition choice) 5. In sterilization of instruments, hand-piece was every using time(28.4%), and reamer-file, bur, mirror, pincette, explorer, hand scaler and ultrasonic scaler were high in every using time. 6. Individual protection was high of using, cleaning of hands before treatment was every treatment(87.0%). Type of soap was liquid type in dental clinic(48.2%), infection soap in dental hospital(41.2%) and solid soap in public health center(50.6%). Answered that they need regular oral health education, and 82.9% respondents answered that they need oral health technicians in school. And 87.8% respondents needed individual oral health education for the benefit of better oral health.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1091-1095
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• 2009

The aim of this study investigated the fluctuations of 3 characters from 3 ecotypes [early ripening (ER), middle ripening (MR), and late ripening (LR)] of 20 Korean brown rice cultivars in different storage systems [time: 12 and 24 weeks, temperature: low ($10^{\circ}C$) and room ($25^{\circ}C$)]. With increase of storage time and temperature, lipoxygenase activity, and fat acidity increased, whereas germination rate was reduced. ER cultivars exhibited the highest lipoxygenase activity of $35.49{\pm}2.46$ unit/mg protein during 24 weeks storage at $25^{\circ}C$, followed by LR ($32.73{\pm}1.33$) and MR ($32.66{\pm}1.62$) cultivars. The amounts of fat acidity also were observed by the same order (ER: $20.40{\pm}2.12$>LR: $19.68{\pm}1.86$>MR: $19.64{\pm}1.35$ mg KOH/100 g). Germination rate slightly decreased with increase of time and temperature (MR>LR>ER), but MR and LR cultivars showed the most significant changes (ER: $60.90{\pm}23.47%$, MR: $32.66{\pm}13.95%$, and LR: $32.53{\pm}5.87%$). On the basis of above results, MR cultivars were evaluated the highest quality, because high lipoxygenase activity, high fat acidity, and low germination rate have deteriorated in quality and generated off-odor. Thus, MR cultivars might be very important sources in food processing and stored dietary supplement aspects.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

When we want to observe and record a patient's EEG in an operating room, the operation of electrosurgical unit(ESU) causes undesirable artifacts with high frequency and high voltage. These artifacts make the amplifiers of the conventional EEG system saturated and prevent the system from measuring the EEG signal. This paper describes a high-performance bipolar EEG amplifier for a CSA (compressed spectral array ) system with reduced ESU artifacts. The designed EEG amplifier uses a balanced filter to reduce the ESU artifacts, and isolates the power supply and the signal source of the preamplifier from the ground to cut off the current from the ESU to the amplifier ground. To cancel the common mode noise in high frequency, a high CMRR(common mode rejection ratio) diffferential amplifier is used. Since the developed bipolar EEG amplifier shows high gain, low noise, high CMRR, high input impedance, and low thermal drift, it is possible to observe and record more clean EEG signals in spite of ESU operation. Therefore the amplifier may be applicable to a high-fidelity CSA system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.599-603
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• 2008

The complexes Pd(nbmtp)Cl2 and Pt(nbmtp)Cl2 (nbmptp = 1-nonyl-3,4-bis(methylthio)pyrrole) were prepared and their x-ray structures were determined at room temperature. The four-coordinated metal unit and the pyrrole ring formed a nearly planar geometry. The free ligand dissolved in CH2Cl2 produced two luminescence bands associated with the lone-pair electron of S (l max = 525 nm) and the pyrrole p electron (l max = 388 nm). When the two complexes were dissolved in CH2Cl2, these two luminescence bands were also observed, although the low-energy band was blueshifted. For the crystalline Pt(II) complex, only the strong charge transfer band (l max = 618 nm) from the d* orbital of Pt resulted from excitation of the lone-pair electron of S.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2013

This study was aimed to find the storage potential of low temperature adapted shiitake mushroom under freezing temperature ($-3^{\circ}C$). Fresh shiitake mushroom was harvested at late Feb. and cooled to target temperature, $-3^{\circ}C$ in the cooling room for 24 hr. Cooled mushroom were then placed in plastic boxes, wrapped with plastic film ($30{\mu}m$), and stored at $-3^{\circ}C$ for 2 months. Weight loss of mushroom was ranged from 2.1 to 3.2%. Dry weight per unit fresh weight, however, was slightly increased because of moisture loss. Firmness of fruit body increased from $0.95kg/cm^{-2}$ (before storage) to $1.13kg/cm^{-2}$ (after 2 month storage). About half amount of starch was lost during 2 month storage. The amount of total and reducing sugars remained relatively constant. After storage, freshness of mushroom was recovered by thawing treatment. When recovered mushroom were packaged with styrofoam tray and PVC wrapping, and exposed to ambient and $10^{\circ}C$, respectively, brown spot on the gill of fruit body was found and slight decay symptom was also found at ambient temperature only but not at $10^{\circ}C$. Results indicated that low temperature adapted shiitake mushroom has a storage potential under freezing temperature ($-3^{\circ}C$). Freezing storage technology of fresh shiitake mushroom will contribute the increase of storability up to 2 months.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.335-339
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• 1994

The crystallograpic and magnetic properties of $Eu(Fe_{1-x}In_{x})O_{3}$ (x=0, 0.03과 0.05) have been studied by the methods of X-ray diffraction, $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectroscopy, and magnetic hysteresis measurement at room temperature. The X-ray results show that the samples have a crystal structure of orthorhombic and unit cell volume of the crystal with the exception of the sample of x=0 increases as increasing the In concentration. In the analysis assuming two sets of six-line of $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectra, it is found that the magnetic hyperfine field in each of sets decreases increasing x. The linewidth of the absorption lines for the samples increased as increasing x. This implies that the data involve a sum of several hyperfine patterns which have intensity being proportional to $_{n}P_{z}(x)$, the probability of an environment with z such Fe neighbors. The magnetic hysteresis curves show decrease of $M_{s}$ and increase of $H_{c}$ of the samples with increasing x.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 1985

The changes of acid-base status in vitro of the venous blood for 24 hours in ten Korean native goat were investigated. The acid-base parameters were measured within ten minutes after collection of the blood, and every hour during the first six hours and finally after twenty four hours of storage. Blood samples were stored at two different temperatures ($0-4^{\circ}C$ and $21-24^{\circ}C$). Twelve goats were induced acute acid-base disturbances by intravenous infusion of either hydrochloric acid or sodium bicarbonate and inhalated with $CO_2$ gas mixture (20% $CO_2$, 80% $O_2$) or hyperventilation were performed by means of respirator. The results were as follows; 1. Blood samples could be stored during the first two hours in ice water ($0-4^{\circ}C$) and one hour at room temperature without significant changes in pH. The magnitudes of changes were similar to those of cow, and lower than those of men and dogs. 2. The mean values of acid-base parameters in normal goat were arterial pH, 7.40; $P_{CO_2}$, 35.4mmHg; $HCO_3{^-}$, 21.8mEq/L. 3. Both the base excess and the bicarbonate showed high correlation (r=0.99) during the metabolic disturbance and were represented as $B.E.=1.38\;HCO^-{_3}-29.7$. 4. The slope of blood buffer curve obtained from the in vivo experiment was 16.3mEq/L/pH. 5. The magnitudes of changes in hydrogen ion concentration per unit change of $P_{CO_2}$ were 0.8nM/mmHg in hypercapnia and 1.0nM/mmHg in hypocapnia. 6. The ranges of acid-base parameters in normal goat urine were pH, 6.0-8.1; $P_{CO_2}$, 42-61mmHg; $HCO_3{^-}$, 2-110mEq/L. The concentration of potassium was higher (60-200mEq/L), and that of sodium was lower (8-70mEq/L) than those of human urine.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.501-507
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• 2013

Lysozyme was trapped from $2{\times}$ diluted egg white using Amberlite FPC 3500 ion exchange resin (1 g/10mL of egg white). The lysozyme bound to the resin was recovered using 0.1 N glycine-NaOH buffers, pH 9.0, containing 0.5 M NaCl. After separating lysozyme, the pH of the egg white solution was adjusted to 4.75 and centrifuged to remove interfering proteins. The supernatant was collected, added with 2.5% citric acid and 5.0% ammonium sulfate combination to precipitate egg white proteins, except for ovalbumin. After centrifugation, both supernatant (S1) and precipitant were collected. The precipitant was dissolved with 4 volumes of distilled water, and then 2.0% ammonium sulfate and 1.5% citric acid combinations added, stirred overnight in a cold room, and centrifuged. The resulting supernatant (S2) was pooled with the first supernatant (S1), desalted using an ultrafiltration unit, heat-treated at $70^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, and then centrifuged. The supernatant was collected as an ovalbumin fraction and lyophilized. The separated proteins were confirmed using Western blotting. The yield of lysozyme and ovalbumin was > 88.9% and > 97.7%, respectively, and the purity of lysozyme and ovalbumin was > 97% and 87%, respectively. The results indicated that the protocol was simple, and separated lysozyme and ovalbumin effectively.