• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.484-488
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• 2001

STATs are proteins with a dual function: signal transducers in the cytoplasm and transcriptional activators in the nucleus. Among the six known major STATs (STAT1-6), STAT3 has been implicated in the widest range of signaling pathways that regulate cell growth and differentiation. As a part of our on-going investigation on the pleiotropic functions of STAT proteins, we examined the role of STAT3 as a molecular adaptor that links diverse cell growth signaling pathways. We observed that STAT3 can be specifically activated by multiple cytokines, such as IL-3, in transformed fibroblasts and IL-4 or IFN-$\gamma$ in primary immune cells, respectively. The selective activation of STAT3 in H-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells is associated with an increased expression of phosphoserioe STAT3 in these cells, compared to the parental cells. Notably phosphoresine-STAT3 interacts with oncogenic ras, shown by immunoprecipitation and Western blots. The results suggest the role of STAT3 in rasinduced cellular transformation as a molecular adaptor linking the Jak/STAT and Ras/MAPK pathways. In primary immune cells, IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ each induced (in addition to the characteristic STAT6 and STAT1 homodimers) the formation of STAT3-containing complexes that bind to GAS probes, which correspond to the $Fe{\varepsilon}$ Rll and $Fe{\gamma}$ RI promoter sequences, respectively. Since IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ are known to counter-regulate the expression of these genes, the ability of STAT3 to form heterodimeric complexes with STAT6 or STAT1 implies its role in the fine-tuned control of genes that are regulated by IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2018

In industries that are operating various enterprise systems, new systems are integrated and operated in accordance with each period. In particular, when a new system is to be integrated, one of the major considerations is the single sign-on part for integrating and operating the authentication. To implement this authority system using role-based access control method, an extension method for access control method is needed. Therefore, in this paper, we design an extended role-based access control model for interworking with legacy authority system and provide its APIs. The extended role-based access control model is a model in which external authority information, which holds authority information in the authority information, is added. And we describe operations that the REST Web APIs are based on these models. In this paper, the method is described in the back-end APIs and can be implemented as an operation of an extended role-based access control system based on the method.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.187-203
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• 2009

Objectives : Korean director Bong Joon-ho's movie 'Mother' is a story about a woman who struggles to save her son from an indictment of murder. This movie premiered at the 2009 Cannes film festival. The present study aimed to investigate the various roles of acupuncture in the plot from the perspective of movie professionals, including critics, writers and producers. Methods : We investigated the meaning of acupuncture as a subject matter in this movie. Participants who work in the film industry or are studying film were included. Survey questions were organized in a two part open-ended questionnaire and in multiple-choice form. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail or the subjects were contacted directly. Results: In this movie, acupuncture serves at least three roles. The first role it serves is as a symbol of the mother role in her son's life and in her community. Acupuncture also works as a conduit for communication and a means of earning a living for the mother. She strives to clear her son's name by discovering the real murderer through performing acupuncture. Finally, the acupuncture box is crucial in the son's understanding of the mother's role in the crime. Seventy-nine percent of those surveyed responded that acupuncture was an important motif in this movie. Conclusions : These findings, in addition to those of previous studies, suggest that acupuncture can serve as a useful context for mass communication in media. The understanding of the meaning of acupuncture in the movie provides useful information on the perception of acupuncture modality today.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.123-123
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.101-104
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.32-32
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• 1997

The regulatory role of A$\sub$2A/ adenosine receptors in P$_2$ purinoceptor-mediated calcium signaling was investigated in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. When PC12 cells were treated with 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS21680), a specific agonist of the A$\sub$2A/ adenosine receptor, extracellular ATP-evoked [(CA$\^$2+/)]$\sub$i/ rise was inhibited by 20%.(omitted)

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2013

Since the identification and characterization of toll-like receptors (TLR) in Drosophila, numerous scientific studies have examined the role of TLRs in host innate immunity. Recent studies have suggested a convergence of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) signaling and cytokine production regulated by the cytosolic elicitor known as NLRs (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing domain receptors) as a key modulator in inflammatory diseases. Among the NLRs, NOD1 and NOD2 have been intensively investigated for its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). On the other hand, NLRs such as NLRP3, NLRP1, and NLRC4 (also known as IPAF) have been identified to form the inflammasome to activate downstream signaling molecules in response to pathogenic microbes. There is evidence to suggest that substantial crosstalk exists for the TLR and NLR signaling pathway in response to pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP). However, the substrate and the mechanistic role of NLRs are largely unknown in innate immune response. Understanding the signaling mechanisms by which NLRs recognize PAMP and other danger signals will shed light on elucidating the pathogenesis of various human inflammatory diseases such as IBD.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.150-151
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• 2008

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.82-94
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop teaching program which utilizes emotional intelligence elements as a measure to stimulate the motive and scientific attitude of learners and examine the effect of its application. The target unit for this study is 'world of plants' in the fourth grade of elementary school, and the teaching program is composed of 3 stages including I(encounter with myself), S(encounter with science), and U(encounter with friends). The teaching program is organized in the way to reflect 5 emotional intelligence elements including self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, sympathy, and personal relations properly according to each stage of teaching program. The result of applying this program into actual classrooms is as follows. First, it is proven that the teaching program actually helps improving the motive of learners to study science. The emotional intelligence takes a role of positive motive for thinking, and the learners monitor their emotion and behavior patterns by using a mirror notebook to reduce their anxiety about science. Second, it is proven that the teaching program changes the science related attitude of learners positively. The emotional intelligence elements help the learners to create friendly feeling toward science subject and have a friendly attitude toward science and a sense of expectancy to science class. Third, it is proven that the teaching program contributes to the improvement of learners' science study achievement. The emotional intelligence takes an important role in improving the learners' science study achievement through the role of adjusting and controlling the recognition capability. However, emphasizing the emotional intelligence excessively also has a risk to break the balance between emotion and recognition, so it is considered that the balanced approach should be applied.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.609-610
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• 2018

Glycosylation is one form of protein modification and plays a key role in protein stability, function, signaling regulation and even cancer. NleB and SseK are bacterial effector proteins and possess glycosyltransferase activity, even though they have different substrate preferences. NleB/SseKs transfer the GlcNAc sugar to an arginine residue of host proteins, leading to reduced $NF-{\kappa}B-dependent$ responses. By combining X-ray crystallography, NMR, molecular dynamics, enzyme kinetic assays and in vivo experiments, we demonstrated that a conserved HEN (His-Glu-Asn) motif in the active site plays a key role in enzyme catalysis and virulence. The lid-domain regulates the opening and closing of the active site and the HLH domain determines the substrate specificity. Our findings provide evidence for the enzymatic mechanism by which arginine can be glycosylated by SseK/NleB enzymes.