• 산업기술연구
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• 제20권B호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2000

A numerical study is done on the thrust vector control using gaseous secondary injection in the rocket nozzle. A commercial code, PHOENICS, is used to simulate the rocket nozzle flow. A $45^{\circ}-15^{\circ}$ conical nozzle is adopted to do numerical experiments. The flow in a rocket nozzle is assumed a steady, compressible, viscous flow. The exhaust gas of the rocket motor is used as an injectant to control the thrust vector of rocket at the constant rate of secondary injection flow. The injection location which is on the wall of rocket is chosen as a primary numerical variable. Computational results say that if the injection position is too close to nozzle throat, the reflected shock occurs. On the other hand, the more mass flow rate of injection is needed to get enough side thrust when the injection position is moved too far from the throat.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.275-282
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• 2008

This paper presents numerical investigation of multi-phase flow in solid rocket motor nozzle and effect of multi-phases on the performance prediction of the Solid Rocket Motor. Aluminized propellants are frequently used in solid rocket motors to increase specific impulse. An Eulerian-Lagrangian description has been used to analyze the motion of the micrometer sized and discrete phase that consist of the larger particulates present in the Solid Rocket Motor. Uniform particles diameters and Rosin-Rammler diameter distribution method has been used for the simulation of different burning of aluminum droplets generating aluminum oxide smokes. Roe-FDS scheme has been used to simulate the effects of the multi-phase flow. The results obtained show the sensitivity of this distribution to the nozzle flow dynamics, primarily at the nozzle inlet and exit. The analysis also provides effect of two phases on performance prediction of Solid Rocket Motor.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2001년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.144-148
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• 2001

Characteristics of high temperature rocket nozzle flow is discussed along with the aspects of computational analysis. Three methods of nozzle flow analysis, frozen-equilibrium, shifting-equilibrium and non-equilibrium approaches, were discussed those were coupled with the methods of computational fluid dynamics. A chemical equilibrium code developed for the analysis of general hydrocarbon fuel was coupled with three approaches of nozzle flow analysis, and a test was made for a bell nozzle at typical operation condition. As a results, the characteristics of the approaches were discussed in aspects of rocket performance, thermal analysis and computational efficiency.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2001년도 제22회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.90-98
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• 2001

Characteristics of high temperature rocket nozzle flow is discussed along with the aspects of computational analysis. Three methods of nozzle flow analysis, frozen-equilibrium, shifting-equilibrium and non-equilibrium approaches, were discussed, those were coupled with the methods of computational fluid dynamics code. A chemical equilibrium code developed for the analysis of general hydrocarbon fuel was coupled with three approaches of nozzle flow analysis. The approaches were used for the performance prediction of KSR-III Rocket, and compared with the theoretical results from NASA CEA (Chemical Equilibrium with Applications) code.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.448-451
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• 2008

Three methods of nozzle flow analysis, frozen-equilibrium, shifting-equilibrium and non-equilibrium approaches, were used to rocket nozzle flow, those were coupled with the methods of computational fluid dynamics code. For a design of high temperature rocket nozzle, chemical equilibrium analysis which shares the same numerical characteristics with frozen flow analysis can be an efficient design tool for predicting maximum thermodynamic performance of the nozzle. Frozen fluid analysis presents the minimum performance of the nozzle because of no consideration for the energy recovery. On the other hand, the case of chemical-equilibrium analysis is able to forecast the maximum performance of the nozzle due to consideration for the energy recovery that is produced for the fast reaction velocity compared with velocity of moving fluid. In this study, using the chemical equilibrium flow analysis code that is combined the modified frozen-equilibrium and the chemical-equilibrium. In order to understand the thermochemical characteristic components and the accompanying energy recovery, shifting-equilibrium flow analysis was carried out for the 30 $ton_f$-class KARI liquid rocket engine nozzle together with frozen flow. The performance evaluation based on the 30 $ton_f$-class KARI LRE nozzle flow analyses will provide an understanding of the thermochemical process in the nozzle and performances of nozzle.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2003

로켓 엔진 노즐의 설계에서 동결 유동 해법과 동일한 수치적 특성을 가지는 화학 평형 해석은 노즐의 열역학적 최대 성능을 예측하는 효율적인 설계 도구로 이용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 탄화수소 연료 로켓 엔진 설계를 위한 화학적 평형 유동 해석 코드를 개발하였다. 로켓 노즐을 통한 팽창과정에서 일어나는 화학 성분의 재결합 효과와 이에 수반하는 에너지 회복과 같은 열화학적 특징을 이해하기 위하여, KSR-III 로켓 노즐에 대하여 동결유동 해석 및 비평형 유동의 해석과 더불어 화학적 평형 유동 해석을 수행하였다. 유동 해석 결과에 기초한 KSR-III 엔진 성능 평가로부터 노즐에서의 열화학적 특징을 이해할 수 있었으며, 이와 더불어 열화학적인 효과를 고려할 때 출구 면적비를 줄여서 수정된 새로운 노즐 형상이 지상 추력을 증대시키기 위한 적절한 설계임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2000년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.54-59
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• 2000

A numerical study of axisymmetric rocket main nozzle flow has been accomplished. The CSCM upwind flux difference splitting method with an iterative time marching scheme having second order accuracy in time and space has been used to simulate unsteady flow characteristics in an axisymmetric rocket main nozzle. Though the pressure vary at nozzle inlet with the lapse of time, Mach No. and the density were not changed significontly compared with the temperature. Specific heat ratio $\gamma$=1.134 predicted higher temperature at nozzle throat and exit and nondimensional thrust coefficients at exit than specific heat ratio $\gamma$=1.4 did.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2015

Thrust vector control is the method which generates the side force and roll moment by controlling exhausted gas directly in a rocket nozzle. TVC is classified by mechanical and fluid dynamic methods. Mechanical methods can change the flow direction by several objects installed in a rocket nozzle exhaust such as tapered ramp tabs and jet vane. Fluid dynamic methods control the flight direction with the injection of secondary gaseous flows into the rocket nozzle. The tapered ramp tabs of mechanical methods are used in this paper. They installed at the rear in the rocket nozzle could be freely moved along axial and radial direction on the mounting ring to provide the mass flow rate which is injected from the rocket nozzle. TVC of the tapered ramp tabs has the potential to produce both large axial thrust and high lateral force. We have conducted the experimental research and flow analysis of ramp tabs to show the performance and the structural integrity of the TVC. The experiments are carried out with the supersonic cold flow system and the schlieren graph. This paper provides to analyze the location of normal shock wave and distribution of surface pressure on the region enclosed by the tapered ramp tabs.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제29회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.105-109
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• 2007

로켓 노즐 유동해석에는, 전산 유체 역학 코드와 결합된 동결 유동 해석, 화학 평형 해석, 화학 비평형 해석이 사용되어진다. 고온 로켓 엔진 노즐의 설계에서, 동결 유동 해법과 동일한 수치적 특징을 가지는 화학평형 해석은 노즐의 열역학적 최대 성능을 예측하는 효율적인 설계 도구가 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 30톤급 KARI 액체 로켓 엔진 노즐에 대하여 동결유동 해석 및 화학평형 유동 해석을 수행하였다. 유동 해석 결과에 기초한 30톤급 KARI 액체 로켓 엔진 성능 평가는 노즐에서의 열화학적 특성에 대한 이해와 노즐의 성능을 제공할 것이다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.321-324
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• 2011

지상연소시험용 소형 액체로켓엔진 초음속 노즐의 성능해석을 위하여 노즐내 유동특성 및 플룸 구조를 $k-{\omega}$ SST모델을 사용한 Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes 방정식으로 해석하였다. 해석기법의 검증을 위하여 2차원 축소-확대 노즐 초음속 유동의 해석값과 실험치를 비교하고, 검증된 기법으로 2차원 축대칭 노즐의 성능해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 노즐 내부에 유동박리 및 역류현상의 발생이 확인되었으며, 이 해석결과는 소형 액체로켓엔진 노즐 최적설계에의 기초자료로 제시되었다.