• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.759-768
• /
• 2010

To improve the sensory acceptability of Kochujang with added Meju powder, Kochujang was prepared with added raw soy powder and roasted soy powder were added instead of Meju powder. These Kochujang were fermented for 45 days at $25{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ and examined for changes in their physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics. Results were as follows. In the moisture content and acidity of Kochujang, the group with added Meju powder was the highest. There were no significant differences in the lightness (L value), although the group with added with Meju powder and raw soy powder were decreased in lightness over days of storage. For redness (a value), the group with added raw soy powder was the highest, and the group with added raw soy powder was decreased with increasing storage days. For yellowness (b value), the group with added roasted soy powder was the highest, and there was no significant difference over storage days. The reducing sugar content of Kochjang to which roasted soy powder was added was the highest, and the amino-nitrogen contents of Kochjang to which Meju powder was added was the highest In sensory evaluation, the Kochjang with added roasted soy powder had the best score in taste and overall acceptability. Therefore, these results suggest that roasted soy powder can be applied to Kochjang for enhanced sensory preference.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.489-497
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to survey the various kinds of cooked beef products focusing on 'Chim' (a steamed beef products) through historical literatures written from 1670 to 1945 in korea. 'Chim' was recorded 25 times in the references and could be classified to 5 groups based on major ingredients such as stomach, intestine, lean meat, tail and ribs. Among the eleven cooked products of 'Chim', 'Kalbi-chim' (a steamed ribs) was recorded most frequently and 'Sundae-chim' (sausage-like product) was the next. Though 'Kalbi-chim' has been used untill present day but 'Sundae-chim' was disappeared in the early 19th centuries. Ribs were most popular ingredient among the major ingredients such as stomach, intestines, lean meat, tail, feet and ribs. Twenty one kinds of subingredients including pheasant meat, blood clot and flour were used for 'Chim'. Decorating ingredients such as roasted sesame power, pine nut and thin-layer fried eggs and seasonings such as pepper, roasted sesame powder, tripe, garlic, soy sauce and seasonings such as pepper, roasted sesame powder, tripe, garlic, soy sauce and sesame oil were used for 'Chim'.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.291-300
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to survey various recipes of the roasted beef with twenty three classical cookboods written before 1943. The roasted beefis found total 32 times in the literature which can be classified into seven groups such as the roasted rib, roasted foot, roasted tail, roasted heart, roasted gall, roasted kidney and roasted fresh meat. The most frequent one is the roasted rib appearing eight times and the next is the roasted sliced beef with seasoning appearing seven. This proves that the those recipes have been the most favorite ones to Korean people for a long time. The roasted rib has been found since the middle of the 17th century, but the process of roasting ribs again with seasoning after three successions of dipping shortly into cold water in the midst of roast wasz disappeared. The roasted sliced beef with seasoning originated since the late 18th century, and the roasted beef with salt since the early 19th century which has been inherited as the roasted raw upper part of roasted beef recipes have been continued until today in the similar manner. Generally the roasted meat with bones and the roasted internal organs started in 1766 earlier than the roasted fresh meat by a century. The main ingredients were rib, foot, tail, heart, gall, kidney, fresh meat and knee bone, and the seasonings were mixtures of scallion stalk, garlic, pepper, oil, soy sauce and sesame seed powder. And peculiarly salted shrimp, pear juice, ginger were added to seasonings and pine nut powder was used as decorating ingredient.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.307-315
• /
• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 청양고추가루와 묶은 콩가루를 이용하여 제조한 청고추장의 물리화학적 특성을 조사하는 것이다. 청양고추가루를 이용하여 제조한 청고추장의 수분함량은 대조군이 32.64% 이였고, S1이 26.50%를 나타냈다. 조지방의 함량은 대조군이 1.81로 가장 낮았고, 실험군인 S1~S4는 2.64~2.80으로 대조군보다는 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 조단백질의 함량은 대조군이 5.58%이었고, S4가 9.01%로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 조회분 함량은 대조군이 9.91 로 가장 낮았고, 실험군인 S1~S4는 10.32~10.37로 대조군보다 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 청양고추가루를 이용하여 제조한 청고추장의 색도중 실험군의 적색도와 황색도는 대조군에 비해 많이 감소되었다. pH는 S4가 6.15로 가장 높게 나타났고, 대조군이 5.26으로 가장 낮게 나타났다(p < 0.001). 실험군의 총 산도는 볶은 콩가루 첨가량 증가시 시료간의 유의적 (p < 0.001)인 차이를 보이며 대조군에 비해 크게 감소하였다. 청양고추가루를 이용한 청고추장의 텍스쳐 특성중 견고성은 622.33~3670.70으로 S2가 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 한편, 부착성은 S4가 가장 높은값을 나타냈고, 검성은 S2가 가장 높게 측정되었다. 위의 이러한 결과로 볼때 개량 청고추장의 단백질, 지방, 그리고 여러 가지 미네랄의 함량은 높아졌으며, 색도와 수분함량은 낮아졌다. 그럼으로, 개량 청고추장은 건강에 유익한 것으로 판단되며, 추후 청고추장을 이용한 새로운 소스개발을 위해 관능평가를 통해 최상의 조건을 찾아낼 필요성이 있다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.301-310
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study is to survey various recips of the roasted skewered beef (Sanjuk) with twenty three classical cookbooks written before 1943 in Korea. The recipes of the roasted skewered beef are found thirty times in the records, which can be classified into six groups such as the palm-type skewered beef (Sulhamyukjuk), little finger-type skewered beef, mixed skewered beef, juice skewered beef, little finger-type skewered internal organs, and wide-cut skewered internal organs. The palm-type skewered beef and the mixed skewered beef most frequently appeared in the records. The 'Sulhamyukjuk' in the 17th century were inherited while changing its name to 'Sanjuk' in the late 18th century, which is the origin of 'Bulkoki'. There were two types of the roasted skewered beef, the palm-type and the little finger-type; and the palm type preceded the little finger-type. They were used with no change until the 19th century. Actually the roasted skewered beef existed even in the 16th century, but were put down in the early 17th century. In the cooking of 'Sulhamyukjuk' the process of dipping shortly into cold water in the midst of roast seems to absolutely disappeared. Some recipes of the roasted skewered beef were lost, but most have been inherited in the similar way with simplification including little use of internal organs. The main ingredients consisted of parts of cattle such as fresh meat, intestines, heart, liver, omasum, tripe, head, sweet bread, and lung with various vegetables and mushroom. And the main seasonings were mixtures of oil, soy sauce, sesame seed powder, scallion stalk, pepper, sesame seed oil, and salt. And sometimes wine, vinegar, ginger, garlic, and sugar were added.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.83-96
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to examine the various kinds of recipes of pheasant through classical cookbooks written from 1670 to 1943 which are the basic materials to the meat cooking. The recipes of pheasant are found 39 times in the literature, which can be classified into eleven groups. Chronologically, the recipe of mandu (ravioli) was first appeared, and guk, tang (soup), kui (roasted), jang (salted meat), chim (steamed), po (dried meat), whe (raw meat), gijim (boiled in soy sauce), cho (sparkly heated in soy sauce and sugar), jolim (hard boiled in soy sauce), and jungol (meat with vegetable cooked in pan) followed in the records. Kui was the most popular one with the frequency of 43.6%, which proves that kui is the most suitable one for pheasant among all of recipes. Mandu and guk, tang were 10.2%, chim and po were found with the same rate of 7.7% and the next ones were jang, gijim, cho, and jungol with the rate of 2.6%. The recipes of pheasant were recorded much less than those of beef, chicken, pork, lamb, and dog meat. Particularly, in comparison with chicken belonging to fowls, the frequency of pheasant cooking did not reach even to one third of that. The Korean recipes of pheasant have been independently developed with originality, having nothing to do with the Chinese ones. The recipes of pheasant before the late 1800s have based on the strict recipe principles along with the spirit of art and sincerity, but they were deteriorated to simple and easy ones discarding principles. The main ingredient was the flesh of pheasant and the sub-ingredients such as flour, pinenut, buckwheat powder, and mushroom were included in common. In additon, oil, soy sauce, black pepper, and stone leek were frequently used as main seasonings.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.390-396
• /
• 1997

Meju is a basis for manufacturing Kanjang, Meju was traditionally prepared at home by different types of process depending on the regional area. It is necessary to standardize and simplify the process of Meju-preparation for Kanjang of good quality. For these purposes, the process of Meju and Kangjang making as well as analysis of commercial Kanjang, were compared. Generally, traditional Meju was prepared by steeping and dehulling the whole soybean. After steeping for 24hr. soybean absorbed water up to 110~120% of its weight. The soaked soybeans were steamed for 2hr. and cooled to 5$0^{\circ}C$. Cooked soybeans were crushed down to the size of 10~15 mesh and molded. Molded soybeans were dried for 2 days in the air, hung up by rice straw and fermented for 20~30 days under natural environmental condition. On the other hand, commercial soybean koji was made of defatted soybean. Defatted soybeans were steeped in water and steamed for 15~30min at 0.7~1.2 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Steamed and defatted soybean was cooled to 4$0^{\circ}C$. Separately, wheat power was roasted at 200~30$0^{\circ}C$ by wheat roaster. Mixture of steamed defatted soybean and roasted wheat powder (5/5 to 7/3) were inoculated with 0.1~0.2% Aspergillus sojae and incubated for 2 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$ with occasional stirring. Chemical analysis showed that traditional soy sauces contained the following composition: NaCl, 20.12~25.42%; total nitrogen, 0.64~0.91%; pure extract, 9.47~11.20%; color, 2.34~4.01; pH, 4.92~5.12. Commercial products contained: NaCl, 15.20~17.19%; total nitrogen, 1.25~1.40%; pure extract, 18.17~21.47%; color, 5.41~21.12; pH, 4.51~4.66 and ethalnol. 2.97~3.12%. Organoleptic test on taste, color and flavor of traditional and commercial soysauce indicated that most of the consumers prefer commercial products to traditional products. Preferrable formulation of Kanjang based on organoleptic test of soy sauces was assumed as containing; NaCl, 16.0%; total nitrogen, 1.40%; pure extract, 19.97%; color, 12.98; pH, 4.61 and ethanol, 2.96.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.231-240
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 발효식품으로부터 16종의 공액리놀레산(CLA) 생성 젖산균을 분리하였다. 이들 균주 중, S48 및 P1201 균주는 다른 젖산균들보다 더 높은 CLA를 생성하였다. 두 균주는 형태학적, 생리학적, 화학적 및 분자유전학적 특징에 따라 Lactobacillus plantarum로 동정하였다. pH 2.0 인공위액산에서 4시간 배양 후 이들 균주의 생존율은 각각 59.57% 및 6.22%을 나타내었다. 이들 균주는 $37^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 동안 상이한 자유 리놀레산 함량이 함유되어 있는 8% 탈지분유 배지에서 cis-9, trans-11 및 trans-10, cis-12 CLA 이성체가 생성되었고, 두 CLA 이성체는 48시간 배양 동안 지속적으로 증가하였다. 발효 48시간 후, 증자콩-분말 두유의 CLA 함량은 생콩 및 볶음콩-분말 두유에서 보다 높은 생성능을 보였다. 특히, 증자콩-분말 두유의 CLA 함량은 각각 S48 및 P1201 균주에서 $183.57{\mu}g/ml$ 및 $198.72{\mu}g/ml$ 생성되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.36-45
• /
• 2012

To produce novel cheese-like fermented soybean, the solid-state fermentation of roasted soybean flour (RSF) was performed using 1.0% inoculum Bacillus subtilis HA and Lactobacillus plantarum, with the initial 60% substrate moisture for 10 hr at $42^{\circ}$, resulting in pH 6.5, 0.82% acidity, 3.5% mucilage, 14.3 unit/g protease activity, 7.6 unit/g fibrinolytic activity, 216 mg% tyrosine content and $1.7{\times}10^{10}$ CFU/g of viable cell counts. After the second lactic acid fermentation with 10~30% skim milk powder, the fermented RSF resulted in an increase in acidity with 1.64~1.99%, tyrosine content with 246~308 mg% and protease activity in the range of 5.2~17.5 unit/g and 0.966 water activity. Viable cell counts as probiotics indicated $1.6{\times}10^8$ CFU/g of B. subtilis and $7.3{\times}10^{10}$ CFU/g of L. plantarum. The firmness of the first fermented RSF with 2,491 $g{\cdot}{\o}mm^{-1}$ greatly decreased to 1,533 $g{\cdot}{\o}mm^{-1}$ in the second fermented RSF, although firmness was slightly increased by adding a higher content of skim milk. The consistency of the second fermented RSF also decreased greatly from 55,640 to 3,264~ 3,998 in the presence of 10~30% skim milk. The effective hydrolysis of soy protein and skim milk protein in the fermented RSF was confirmed. Thus, the second fermented RSF with a sour taste and flavor showed similar textural properties to commercial soft cheese.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 1994

1. 식사패턴 (1) 일상식 승가의 식사첫수는 일일삼식(一日三食)의 규칙적인 식사로 대용식은 거의 없었고, 소수의 사찰에서는 흰죽, 과일, 미싯가루, 조과, 찜, 우유등을 사용하기도 하였으며, 병인식으로 칠일약(七日藥)이 아닌 주로 흰죽 종류가 이용되었다. 사찰에 늘 상비하고 있는 양념류는 간장, 된장, 깨소금, 참기름, 식용유등을 필수로 하였고, 제피가루, 고추가루, 산초, 인공조미료 등을 일부 상비하고 있었다. (2) 접대식 스님과 일반손님의 접대식으로는 반상(飯床)차림이 가장 일반적이었고, 그외에 다과, 떡, 국수등으로 접대하였으며, 대소 행사시 내객을 위한 음식으로는 비빔밥, 찰밥, 오곡밥, 약밥, 떡국, 콩국수등 단체급식하기 쉬운 음식이었다. (3) 행사식 사찰의 대소 행사식은 육류사용이 제한되는 외에는 대체로 일반세시식과 같았으며, 일반세속과 다른 점은 산채비빔밥과 음료로서 송차가 준비되는 것이었다. 불전공양식(佛前供養食)은 대부분이 오공양(五供養)으로 하였으며 제사음식은 밥, 탕국, 나물, 전, 떡, 과일, 과자등 일반 세속의 제사음식과 같이 하는 경우가 많았다. 2. 특별식 떡류는 찌는 떡, 치는 떡, 빚는 떡, 지지는 떡의 4종류중 사용빈도로서는 치는 떡이 가장 많았으며, 찌는 떡으로서는 팥시루떡이 가장 많이 이용되었다. 고물과 속으로 사용되는 부재료로서는 팥, 녹두, 콩이 많았으며, 쑥이 배합된 떡도 있었다. 조과류로서는 약과, 강정(산자), 다식, 정과, 양갱등으로 종류가 매우 다양하였다. 음청류로는 농후음료류, 엽차류, 냉음청류, 약이복식류와 유(乳) 및 유(乳)제품류로 분류하였고, 조과류와 함께 다양하게 사용되었으며, 솔잎차와 같은 약한 알콜성음료도 이용되어 여름철에는 약수에 간장이나 죽염을 타서 사찰에 오신 손님을 접대하기도 하였다. 3. 저장식품 승가의 저장식품으로는 장아찌류에는 산채가, 김치류에는 엽경채류가, 말림류에는 산채류가, 부각류에는 산채와 해조류가 많이 사용되었고, 묵말림과 같은 특이한 저장식품이 많이 사용되었다.