• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1585-1598
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• 2011

Emission reduction program for in-use diesel vehicles (ERPDV) has been enacted since 2004 over the Seoul metropolitan area, and diesel emission reduction is forced to fulfill this regulation. This study was performed to evaluate the ERPDV using $PM_{10}$ concentrations of both road-side monitoring and national background network during the period of 2004-2010. In order to assess the pure road emission, we first eliminated the long range transport effect by deducting the trend of annual national background concentrations from the road-side $PM_{10}$ concentrations, and then analyzed the time series of the resultant $PM_{10}$ concentrations over Seoul metropolitan area. The annual rates of variations of road-side $PM_{10}$ with the deduction of trend of background level show -3.2, +0.4, and -2.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$/year, in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyonggi province, respectively. There are steadily decreasing trend in Seoul with all of statistic parameters such as mean, mediam, 5%ile, 10%ile, 25%ile, 75%ile, 90%ile, and 95%ile concentrations. Incheon shows some fluctuations with positive with no significant trend, and Gyonggi province shows overall decreasing but not consistent. Student-t test shows 95% significant level of ERPDV effect in Seoul, but there exists no significant level greater than 90% in both Incheon, and Kyonggi province. Total annual averaged trend over the whole Seoul metropolitan area is estimated to lie in approximately $-2.9{\mu}g/m^3$/year in this study, implying the intimate involvement of ERPDV to a large extent. This is also suggesting that the further research cost-effectiveness of ERPDV with consideration of the long range transport process would be needed over the Seoul metropolitan area.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 2014

Recently, various electronic functions are developed for car drivers as the advent of electrical automobile. Especially, there are functions to examine for preventing drowsy or healthcare through monitoring brainwave(EEG) of drivers in real time. This function can be provided by transmitting driver's EEG, and the network function for transmission among cars or between car and road side infrastructure is a vital issue. Therefore, in this paper, to provide efficient routing protocol for transmitting EEG data at a cross road in an urban area, 5 different wireless communication network applied each routing protocol such as AODV, DSR, GRP, OLSR, and TORA is designed and simulated in the OPNet network simulator, then it is evaluated for the result.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.26-32
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• 2011

Recently, in the U-health area, there are research related on monitoring brainwaves in real-time for coping with emergent situations like the fatigue driving, cerebral infarction or the heart attack of not only the patients but also the normal elderly folks by transmitting of the EEG(Electroencephalograph). This system could be applied to hospitals or sanatoriums. In this paper, it is applied for the vehicular ad-hoc network to prevent the car accident in advance by monitoring the brainwaves of a driver in real-time. In order to do this, I used mobile ad-hoc nodes supported in the Opnet simulator for the efficient EEG brainwave transmission in the VANET environment. The vehicular ad-hoc networks transmitting the brainwaves to the nearest road-side unit are designed and simulated to draw an efficient and proper vehicular ad-hoc network environment.