• Title/Summary/Keyword: Road light

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MUHAMMAD IQBAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS

  • OZDEMIR, IBRAHIM
    • Acta Via Serica
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.89-112
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    • 2017
  • Today, we face many problems at the planetary, national, local, and personal level. What is interesting and important is the fact that the environmental crisis that we have been facing since the 1960s is seen by many environmentalists as a crisis of Western civilization, a slow collective suicide, and "the defining challenge of our age." This fact has encouraged many environmentalists, thinkers, and activists to turn to the wisdom of the East for a better and deeper understanding of nature and humanity for a sustainable future. Moreover, environmental, social, and economic threats are aimed at everyone without discrimination, be they Christian, Jew, Muslim, or Buddhist. Therefore, the very nature of the environmental crisis and challenge requires a cooperative, global response. In this context, this study suggests that Eastern societies may re-discover the richness of their own traditions in the light of pressing environmental problems and offer new insights to respond to these problems. This paper will explore the possibility and relevance of Sir Muhammad Iqbal's (1877-1938) ideas for an attitude of reverence and care for nature. It will suggest that his ideas could enlarge and enrich our perspective of ourselves vis $\grave{a}$ vis nature, and raise our "ecological consciousness" and moral responsibility to take action for the environment. It will be argued that Iqbal, as a great and towering son of the Silk Road and a bridge between East and West, is still relevant for us.

Design of Chicane Based on Vehicle Movement Trajectory (자동차 이동 궤적을 고려한 시케인 설계)

  • Kim, Yong Seok;Lee, Suk Ki
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.159-165
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    • 2012
  • PURPOSES : The lack of details of guidelines on how to install the Chicane for traffic calming leads the practical difference across the calming areas, so the benefits expected from these facilities are not hardly observed. In this context, this study analysed the relationship between the geometric design alternatives of Chicane with the dynamic behaviour of vehicles in terms of speed and trajectory. METHODS : The study analysed vehicle dynamic behaviour using dynamic analysis program Auto-Turn under various geometric conditions of Chicane. RESULTS : This study suggested the design alternatives of Chicane using terms such as "longitudinal displacement value", "lateral displacement value", etc. which are defined in the study. The suggested combination set is fulfilling the desired or target speed of vehicles and clearance between vehicle and roadside at the same time. CONCLUSIONS : The results from this study can be applied to install Chicane corresponding to the local condition where target speed is 30km/h. The study showed the design alternatives of chicane corresponding to the given road cross-sectional design and clearance to roadside for passenger cars and light truck respectively.

Effects of Forest Road Construction on Stream Water Qualities(I) - The Variation of Suspended Sediment by Forest Road Construction - (임도개설(林道開設)이 계류수질(溪流水質)에 미치는 영향(影響)(I) - 임도개설(林道開設)에 따른 부유토사량(浮遊土砂量)의 변화(變化) -)

  • Chun, Kun-Woo;Kim, Min-Sik;Ezaki, Tsugio
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.85 no.2
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    • pp.280-287
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    • 1996
  • This study was carried out to investigate the export rate of suspended sediment by different precipitation intensity after forest road construction for torrential streams on three different watersheds with various forest road density(Watershed A : 6.67m/ha, Watershed B : 5.52m/ha, and Watershed C : control) in the Experimental Forest of Kangwon National University. The results were as follows. 1. Closely related to the the amount of rainfall in both 1994 and 1995, the average streanfkiw rate was less than $0.25{\times}10^4m^3/day$ during May and June and $5.0{\times}10^4m^3/day$ during July and August. More than $25{\times}10^4m^3/day$ of streanflow rate was occurred twice in 1994 and seven times in 1995. 2. The amount of suspended sediment in three watersheds was less than standard of drinking water(25mg/l) before road construction with daily rainfall of 74mm, 92mm, and 120mm in 1994, also after road construction with daily rainfall of 21mm and 47mm in 1995. But, under the 192mm of daily rainfall, Watershed C did not show the difference in the amount of suspended sediment, however, Watershed A and B produced 1,525mg/l and 775mg/l, respectively, which is 61 and 31 fold of stabdard of drinking water, and construction to export for 35 hours after rainfall. 3. The maximum amount of suspended sediment was less than the standard of drinking water with light rainfall before and after road construction. Under the 192mm of daily rainfall, the maximum amounts of suspended sediment in Watershed A and B were 13,150mg/l and 2,690mg/l, of 526 and 108 fold of standard of drinking water, respectively, showing obvious water pollution by sedimentation. Results of the study indicated that the forest road construction had great influence on the sedimentation, and getting increased by higher road density and heavier rainfall. Therefore such practices as vegetation covering and soil erosion control facility should be established accompanying with forest road construction to prevent from sedimentation.

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Development of an Optical Range Finder for Surface Roughness Measurements (표면 요철 측정을 위한 광학적 거리 측정기 개발)

  • Eom, Jung-Hyun;Park, Hyun-Hee;Seo, Dong-Sun;Huh, Woong;Kim, Joon-Bum;Kim, Yon-Gon
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.2 no.1 s.2
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    • pp.53-60
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    • 1998
  • We develope a high repetition rate, short distance, optical range finder for surface roughness measurements of large structures, such as a highway road, etc. For range measurement based on a triangulation principle, we use a light emitting diode and an one dimensional Position sensitive photodetector for a light source and an angle detector of the reflected light at the object, respectively. The range finder has automatic power control and electrical background noise rejection capabilities which enable it to overcome variations of an object reflectance and to eliminate time-varying, as well as constant, background light noises. Our experimental results show less than ${\pm}1.5mm$ of measurement errors regardless of an object reflectance, for $22{\sim}38cm$ object ranges which are determined by considering the installation of the range finder and the depth of surface roughness.

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The Selection of Representative Drive Course for Small Tactical Vehicles Through Movement Condition and Operational Environment Analysis (소형전술차량 기동조건 및 운용환경 분석을 통한 대표주행경로 선정)

  • Kim, Juhee;Lee, Jongwoo;Yoo, Samhyeun;Park, Ji-il;Shin, Hyunseung;Kwon, Youngjin;Choi, Hyunho
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.341-352
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    • 2019
  • LTV(Light Tactical vehicle) operating in our military requires higher levels of performance and durability to withstand harsher conditions than ordinary vehicles, as they must travel on both rough-train and off-road as well as on public roads. Recently, developed light tactical vehicle is developed by a variety of test evaluations in order to satisfy ROC(Required Operational Capability) by the requirement military group. However, there is no standardized driving test condition for satisfying the durability performance of Korean tactical vehicle. Therefore, this study aims to provide basic data to establish reliable driving test conditions by analyzing the maneuver conditions and the driving data in order to select the representative drive course required. To do this, we analyzed the future operational environment, the area of operation analysis and the driving information of light tactical vehicle.

Design and Implementation of Response type of Flickering Green Signal System using Beacon Message (비콘메세지를 이용한 반응형 녹색점멸 신호시스템 설계 및 구현)

  • An, Hyo-In;Mun, Hyung-Jin;Kim, Chang-Geun
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.14 no.11
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    • pp.241-247
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    • 2016
  • As a domestic traffic control signal system, either the system with which a traffic signal turns into green at regular intervals or the system with which an amber or a red signal flickers on local roads without heavy traffic at midnight has been utilized. However, when the former system is used for roads with light traffic at midnight, delays and congestion can be incurred. Besides, in case of the latter signal system, the risk of vehicle crash is high. This study proposes a response type of flickering green signal system that rearranges signal system after analyzing beacon messages including sensor data. The proposed system, on a trunk road or a branch road at midnight, makes the signal keep flickering in green; When a vehicle enters the range of RSE, the transfer coverage, it transmits beacon messages regularly and Agent System analyzes the messages and alters the signal. It is a system by which vehicles move following the altered signal system, which will not only ensure smooth flow but also prevent vehicles from crashing on a road with light traffic. As a result of a simulation, traffic throughput and the average waiting time displayed 10 to 30 percent better improvement than existing signal systems, in terms of performance.

The Characteristics of Driving Parameters and CO2 Emissions of Light-Duty Vehicles in Real-Driving Conditions at Urban Area in Seoul (서울 도심의 실제 도로 주행 조건에서 소형자동차의 주행인자와 CO2 배출 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Junhong;Lee, Jongtae;Kim, Sunmoon;Kim, Jeongsoo;Ahn, Keunhwan
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.359-369
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, correlations between driving parameters and $CO_2$ of light-duty vehicles have been analyzed. Three test vehicles equipped with PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System) have been driven in real-road in urban areas of Seoul. Averaged vehicle speed, RPA(Relative Positive Acceleration) and stop ratio have been selected as main driving parameters. The analysis have been conducted in interrupted and uninterrupted road types. Averaged values in various driving conditions have been calculated with distance based moving averaging window method. The multiple linear regression method have been applied to account for correlation between driving parameters and $CO_2$ emissions. This approach has shown statistically that $CO_2$ emission per distance (g/km) have tendencies to be increased as decreased averaged vehicle speed and increased RPA and stop ratio. Compared with uninterrupted traffic, interrupted traffic have shown the lower vehicle speed and the higher RPA and stop ratio. These characteristics of driving parameters in interrupted traffic should cause the higher $CO_2$ emission per distance.

Development of Vehicle and/or Obstacle Detection System using Heterogenous Sensors (이종센서를 이용한 차량과 장애물 검지시스템 개발 기초 연구)

  • Jang, Jeong-Ah;Lee, Giroung;Kwak, Dong-Yong
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.11 no.5
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    • pp.125-135
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    • 2012
  • This paper proposes the new object detection system with two laser-scanners and a camera for classifying the objects and predicting the location of objects on road street. This detection system could be applied the new C-ITS service such as ADAS(Advanced Driver Assist System) or (semi-)automatic vehicle guidance services using object's types and precise position. This study describes the some examples in other countries and feasibility of object detection system based on a camera and two laser-scanners. This study has developed the heterogenous sensor's fusion method and shows the results of implementation at road environments. As a results, object detection system at roadside infrastructure is a useful method that aims at reliable classification and positioning of road objects, such as a vehicle, a pedestrian, and obstacles in a street. The algorithm of this paper is performed at ideal condition, so it need to implement at various condition such as light brightness and weather condition. This paper should help better object detection and development of new methods at improved C-ITS environment.

Effects of face-sheet materials on the flexural behavior of aluminum foam sandwich

  • Xiao, Wei;Yan, Chang;Tian, Weibo;Tian, Weiping;Song, Xuding
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.301-308
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    • 2018
  • Properties of AFS vary with the changes in the face-sheet materials. Hence, the performance of AFS can be optimized by selecting face-sheet materials. In this work, three types of face-sheet materials representing elastic-perfectly plastic, elastic-plastic strain hardening and purely elastic materials were employed to study their effects on the flexural behavior and failure mechanism of AFS systematically. Result showed face-sheet materials affected the failure mechanism and energy absorption ability of AFS significantly. When the foam cores were sandwiched by aluminum alloy 6061, the AFS failed by face-sheet yielding and crack without collapse of the foam core, there was no clear plastic platform in the Load-Displacement curve. When the foam cores were sandwiched by stainless steel 304 and carbon fiber fabric, there were no face-sheet crack and the sandwich structure failed by core shear and collapse, plastic platform appeared. Energy absorption abilities of steel and carbon fiber reinforced AFS were much higher than aluminum alloy reinforced one. Carbon fiber was suggested as the best choice for AFS for its light weight and high performance. The versus strength ratio of face sheet to core was suggested to be a significant value for AFS structure design which may determine the failure mechanism of a certain AFS structure.

Fundamental Study for Development of an Anti-Icing Pavement System Using Carbon-Fiber Sheet (탄소섬유 쉬트를 활용한 도로 결빙방지 시스템 개발을 위한 기초연구)

  • Lim, Chisu;Park, Kwangpil;Lee, Jaejun;Lee, Byungsuk
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2016
  • PURPOSES : This paper aims to develop a road pavement de-icing system using carbon sheet to replace the older snow de-icing method. Carbon sheet is a light and high-strength metal. Hence, various bodies of research for its applications in many industries have progressed. METHODS : The experiment was conducted in a laboratory. The carbon sheet supplied voltage through a power supply system, and produced heat transfers to the concrete surface. Various factors, such as pavement material, carbon sheet width, penetration depth, and freezing-thawing resistance, were considered in the conducted experiments to confirm the heating transfer efficiency of the carbon sheet. RESULTS : The carbon sheet used was a conductor. Therefore, it produced heat if voltage was supplied. The exposed carbon sheet on the atmosphere did not affect the carbon sheet width when it provided constant voltage. However, the sheet showed different heating behaviors by width change when the carbon sheet penetrated into the concrete. Moreover, the freezing-thawing resistance was decreased by the carbon sheet with increasing width. CONCLUSIONS : The experiments confirmed the possibility of developing a road snow melting system using a carbon sheet. The antiicing system using the carbon sheet to replace the traditional anti-icing system has disadvantages of environmental pollution risk and electric leakage. The pavement also improved its toughness resistance. The utilization value will be very high in the future if carbon sheet heat loss can be minimized and durability is improved.