• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

Installation of sensors networks for continuous in-service monitoring of structures and their efficiency conditions is a current research trend of paramount interest. On-line monitoring systems could be strategically useful for road infrastructures, which are expected to perform efficiently and be self-diagnostic, also in emergency scenarios. This work researches damage detection in composite concrete-steel structures that are typical for highway overpasses and bridges. The techniques herein proposed assume that typical damage in the deck occurs in form of delamination and cracking, and that it affects the peak power spectral density of dynamic curvature. The investigation is performed by combining results of measurements collected by long-gauge fiber optic strain sensors installed on monitored structure and a statistic approach. A finite element model has been also prepared and validated for deepening peculiar aspects of the investigation and the availability of the method. The proposed method for real time applications is able to detect a documented unusual behavior (e.g., damage or deterioration) through long-gauge fiber optic strain sensors measurements and a probabilistic study of the dynamic curvature power spectral density.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.36-48
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• 2006

The train ferry, accommodating trains roll on and off, is often called as 'Railway on the Sea' or 'Blue High-way' since she can connect the railways or roads segregated by the sea and improve the accessibility and continuity of land transport systems. The ferry is especially appropriate to the intermodal transport routes mostly passing through the land but have relatively short sea segment. As the train ferry can considerably reduce the cost and time for cargo handling and modal shift and unnecessitates excessive initial investment on infrastructures such as large harbor cranes or vast container yards, introduction of train Ro-Ro ferries lessen the total transport cost for door-to-door transportation with full exploitation of the existing railway system. All the ports placed in Shandong, Liaoning and Jiangsu provinces of China are connected to the hinterlands via well developed railway and road systems. Therefore, realization of the Incheon-Yantai train ferry system will link Korea railways to TCR and the 4,131-kilometer-long Longhai-Lanxin Railway, along the famous Eurasian Continental Bridge. In the present paper, the Incheon-Yantai train ferry will be introduced as a good example of an efficient multimodal short sea shipping system for Northeast Asia.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.121-129
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• 2010

Through this paper, we studied on the basic concept of vibration-induced power generation for urban infrastructures. Since the travelling of automobiles on the bridge cause vibration, it is possible to convert the vibration energy into green-electric energy by utilizing magnetic induction technology. In this paper we define the concept of green-bridge vibration power generation system which contains the concept of magnetic induction technology and propose a vibration power generation device for converting the bridge vibration energy into the electric energy. Also, an experiment was held by applying the vibration power generator on a real bridge. The results showed the applicability and effectiveness of the vibration power generator.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.49-66
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze neighborhood environmental factors affecting bicycle accidents and accidental severity in Seoul, Korea. The use of bicycles has increased rapidly as daily transportation means in recent years. As a result, bicycle accidents are also steadily increasing. Using Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS) data from 2015 to 2017, this study uses negative binomial regression analysis to identify neighborhood environmental factors affecting bicycle accidents and accidential severity. The main results are as follows. First, bicycle accidents are more likely to occur in commercial and mixed land use areas where pedestrians, bicycle and vehicles are moving together. Second, bicycle accidents are positively associated with road structures such as four-way intersection. In contrast, three-way intersection is negatively associated with serious bicycle accidents. The density of speed hump or street tree is negatively associated with bicycle accidents and accidential severity. This finding indicates the effect of speed limit or street trees on bicycle safety. Fourth, bicycle infrastructures are also important factors affecting bicycle accidents and accidential severity. Bicycle-exclusive roads or bicycle-pedestrian mixed roads are positively associated with bicycle accidents and accidential severity. Finally, this study suggests policy implications to improve bicycle safety.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 2023

Tilt is a key indicator of structural safety. Real-time monitoring of tilt responses helps to evaluate structural condition, enable cost-effective maintenance, and enhance lifetime resilience. This paper presents a prototype wireless sensing system for structural tilt measurement. Long range (LoRa) technology is adopted by the sensing system to offer long-range wireless communication with low power consumption. The sensor integrates a gyroscope and an accelerometer as the sensing module. Although tilt can be estimated from the gyroscope or the accelerometer measurements, these estimates suffer from either drift issue or high noise. To address this challenging issue and obtain more reliable tilt results, two sensor fusion algorithms, the complementary filter and the Kalman filter, are investigated to fully exploit the advantages of both gyroscope and accelerometer measurements. Numerical simulation is carried out to validate and compare the sensor fusion algorithms. Laboratory experiment is conducted on a simply supported beam under moving vehicle load to further investigate the performance of the proposed wireless tilt sensing system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6550-6557
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• 2013

The public road construction projects awarded by the regional construction and management office, which is an affiliate of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, are managed by construction supervision officers. These officials frequently visit a large number of construction sites to conduct inspections and supervision tasks. Therefore, the site management efficiency is essential in terms of the time and money spent in travelling to the sites. The introduction of a site monitoring management system is considered necessary to minimize the number of site visits and enable remote monitoring of the construction progress to enhance the business efficiency of the construction supervision officers. In this study, a remote site monitoring system was constructed using web cameras for public road construction works. The trial applications were implemented by selecting ten constructions sites. The effectiveness of the system was analyzed to assess its applicability. In an assessment of the applicability of the verification results, remote site monitoring showed cost savings of approximately 35% compared to the existing site management. The guidelines for applying the site monitoring management system were provided, the introduction plan was investigated, and the improvement method was presented. The results showed that the system is likely to minimize the unnecessary site visits, remove the risk factors at vulnerable areas in the sites beforehand, and prevent a range of disasters and accidents. In addition, the quality of the infrastructures is likely to improve through the prevention of accidents and the elimination of substandard and faulty construction work.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2011

Urban space structure tends to have a significant change in accordance with maintenance of urban infrastructure such as a traffic route. For this reason, quantitative analysis has been needed to establish spatial distribution and location patterns by considering change of both road accessibility and urban infrastructure level, which can have the most pervasive influence in urban development process. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze spatio-temporal urban morphology through considering distribution patterns of road among transportation infrastructures, population, and spatial structure of metropolitan areas, focusing on Seoul where population growth and the size of urban area have been dramatically increased. For this, we firstly developed and constructed time-series GIS database by using satellite images and topographic maps of the last 70 years to analyze variables which affect urban growth and transportation. In particular, we analyzed the transform of the system of the street by Space Syntax which is able to grasp hierarchical spatial structure through visibility of space and spatial cognition in terms of accessibility. What's more, we analyzed and visualized the relationship urban morphology and road according the regions of Seoul through IPA(Importance Performance Analysis). In terms of the integration land-use and transportation, Space Syntax approach is expected to contribute to efficient urban planning through understanding the influence which various transportation phenomena has an effect on urban development patterns.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2017

Approximately 64 percent of Korean territory is covered with mountains, and there is occurred a continuous mountain disaster such as landslide, debris flow and slope failure around mountain slopes due to heavy rainfall and typhoon in the summer season. Even in such a reality, the development of mountain areas is being carried out through the development and expansion of social infrastructures centered on mountain areas, but systematic management is insufficient. Constructions of a forest road facility for mountain slopes can be a cause of mountain disasters intensively in the summer season due to artificially changing the mountain area. In this unstable mountain environment, efforts to build a disaster-resistant environment are urgently needed. This research is to analyze the stability of mountain slopes according to soil depth (1~5 m) and mountain slope ($20{\sim}60^{\circ}$) considering the characteristics of rainfall infiltration under extreme rainfall conditions. As a result, the stability of the mountain slope was found to be different according to the depth of soils and the saturation area of the soil layer. As well as the stability of the mountain area was found to be lower than that of the natural mountain area. Specially, rainfall infiltration occurs at the upper slope of the forest road. For this reason, the runoff phenomenon of rainfall infiltration water occurs clearly when the depth of soil layer is low.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.87-104
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• 2015

Currently the IoT (Internet of Things) environments and related technologies are being developed rapidly through the networks for connecting many intelligent objects. The IoT is providing artificial intelligent services combined with context recognition based knowledge and communication methods between human and objects and objects to objects. With the help of IoT technology, many research works are being developed using the C-ITS (Cooperative Intelligent Transport System) which uses road infrastructure and traveling vehicles as traffic control infrastructures and resources for improving and increasing driver's convenience and safety through two way communication such as bus-only lane and license plate recognition and road accidents, works ahead reports, which are eventually for advancing traffic effectiveness. In this paper, a system for deciding whether the traveling vehicle is possible or not to drive on bus-only lane in highway is researched using the lane and number plate recognition on the road in C-ITS traffic infrastructure environments. The number plates of vehicles on the straight ahead and sides are identified after the location of bus-only lane is discovered through the lane recognition method. Research results and experimental outcomes are presented which are supposed to be used by traffic management infrastructure and controlling system in future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2019

This study was conducted to understand factors affecting TSS and heavy metals transport on the road, parking lot and roof. During storm events, heavy metals, which were mostly attached to TSS, were also transported when TSS was washed off in the road, parking lot and roof. This finding may be supported by the significant correlations between TSS load and total and soluble heavy metals load including Cr, Fe, Cu, and Pb (Pearson r value: 0.52 to 0.73; probability p value<0.01). Generation and transport of TSS and heavy metals were greater in the road and parking lot compared to the roof due to vehicular activities, slope and greater catchment areas of these sites. It was found that TSS transport during peak flows of storm events ranges from 65% to 75% implying that by controlling peak flows, TSS transportation to nearby water bodies may be decreased. Depending on the target TSS and heavy metal reduction, sizing of low impact development (LID) technologies and green infrastructures (GI) such as infiltration trench, tree box filter, and rain garden may be calculated. Future researchers were recommended to assess the limitations of the systems and determine the design considerations for these types of facilities.