• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.171-175
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• 2020

The present and future cities are expanding, and the noise and environmental pollution in cities are getting worse day by day, causing saturation of road and subway traffic. As a result, citizens are spending a great deal of time and money. The use of the sky as a measure to solve this problem has become a reality. However, airplanes that require airstrips and noisy helicopters are difficult to use in cities. As a solution, PAVs and UAMs that generate low noise and enable vertical takeoff and landing using electric energy, motor, hybrid, and hydrogen energy, are attracting attention, with its practicality being promoted in many countries. The development of urban environment and technology has led to the emergence of Personal Air Vehicle (PAV), Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL), and Urban Air Mobility (UAM) for shipping. Though currently at the level of testing, general commercialization of these air transport means is expected in the next five to fifteen years. This study suggests a plan on the application of human factors to the introduction of PAV and UAM.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.131-149
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• 1995

The object of this study is to suggest some alternatives for environmental management towards sustainable urban development of Chongju city in Korea. This study analyses urban environmental indicators (population density, land use, road, park, car, etc.), level of air and water pollution and solids waste generation by comparing Chongju city and other large cities. Some alternatives towards sustainable development in Chongju city would be summerized and suggested as higher concentrated land use(compact city), mixed land use, supply of mass transit, establishment of regional environmental standards, total emission regulation of air and water pollutants, the preparation of Local Agenda21 of Chongju, and the introduction of strategic environmental assessment(SEA) into environmental impact assessment.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.235-238
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• 1998

This paper presents the detection of internal combustion engine's multiple misfire. The primary cause of air pollution by vehicles is imperfect conbustion of fuel. The CARB(California Air Resources Board) have imposed regulations for the detection of misfiring in automotive engines. The OBD-II regulations requir that misfire should be monitored by the diagnostic system, and that the goal of OBD-II is to alert the driver to the presence of a malfunction of the emission control system. Present invention based upon measurements of engine roughness as derived from crankshaft angular velocity measurements with special signal processing method. Crankshaft angular velocity signals are processed by walsh-fourier transform. Experimental work confims that it's possible to apply walsh-fourier transform for the detection of multiple misfires in no-load idle and road testing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.31-32
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• 2000

내연기관으로 작동되는 자동차는 크게 도로용(Onroad)과 비도로용(Nonroad)으로 구분되며, 비도로용 차량은 크게 자동차이외의 교통수단(철도, 항공, 선박)과 건설장비, 농업용기계 등을 일컫는다. 이러한 비도로용 엔진들은 주요 대기오염원으로 부각되어 최근 미국, 유럽둥 선진국에서 배출규제를 시작하였다. 우리나라는 선진국에 비해 휘발유 가격대비 경유가격이 낮기 때문에 경유차량의 보유비율도 상대적으로 높아 경유자동차에 의한 대기오염이 심각한 실정이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.305-306
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• 2003

현재 환경영향평가가 이루어지고 있는 전체사업 가운데 도로사업을 통한 환경영향평가의 비율은 60％이상으로 다른 영향평가에 비해 상당한 부분이며, 또한 대기 중에 배출되는 총 오염물질 중에서 도로상의 차량에서 배출되는 오염물질이 최대로 70％까지 차지한다. 위와 같이 도로상에서 배출되는 오염물질의 영향을 파악하기위해서는 도로 주변에서의 현지측정을 통한 정량적 평가가 필요하나 이를 위해서는 많은 시간과 비용이 소요되어 현실적으로 불가능하다. 그러므로 이에 대한 대안으로 대기확산모델을 이용하여 도로상의 오염물질의 영향을 예측한다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.763-770
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• 2000

In tunnel ventilation, the Purpose of ventilation control is to keep the required pollution level with minimum consumption of energy But tunnel ventilation has large disturbances caused by discharge of pollutants, traffic forces especially strong for longitudinal ventilation. Hence in this paper, the tunnel ventilation control logic applying fuzzy control theories is proposed and the simulation program of tunnel ventilation control is developed. The characteristics of longitudinal ventilation with jet fans are estimated and the effect of the proposed tunnel ventilation control is verified by the simulation program.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.1 s.94
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• pp.30-35
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• 2007

Waste policies with waste metering system and recycling in 1995 have contributed to the reduction of solid waste generation. Now rural areas as well as urban areas produce less amount of solid wastes in terms of per capita. However most policies in relation to waste issue have been concentrated in urban areas. Large portion of agricultural waste in rural region are being illegally treated such as open incineration or burned out on the road. In this study, we assessed the atmospheric air quality and health risk by illegal open incineration in rural region. In case of benzene level, worst concentration during illegal open incineration was 0.23 ppm and cancer risk by exposure was estimated to $2.29{\times}10^{-3}$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.40-49
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• 2017

The purpose of the research is to analyze the recent cases of green space planning and planting design in Beijing, one of the cities having the worst particulate matters (PM) pollution. This study comprehensively reviewed Chinese academic literature addressing green space planning to reduce PM pollution. In addition, we conducted field observations and interviews with public officials from Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscape Design in charge of planning and management of green spaces in Beijing. After the extensive review of literature we derived tree planting principles to mitigate the impact of PM from urban road system, residential area, and industrial district. Using the principles we evaluated the three recent cases of planting design to mitigate PM: Beijing Fuxing Road, Fu Run Residential Area and Beijing Beiqi Multipurpose Vehicle Factory. We conclude that green space planning and trees planting are not effective in mitigating negative impact of PM pollution because of inadequate selection of trees and inconsiderate planting composition. We proposed to replace the tree species with the ones capable of reducing the spread of PM, and reorganize planting compositions that consider the directions and characteristics of urban wind flow. This study suggests desirable types of tree species and planting compositions for road, residential and industrial districts, and we expect that it provides helpful guidelines for making planting design and species selection to mitigate the impact of PM in urban landscape.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

The spatial distributions of air pollutants, in particular, ultrafine particles near traffic congestion roads at urban areas need to reduce human exposure levels for protecting public health. In this study, the number concentrations of ultrafine particles larger than 5 nm were measured every second during driving on the major roads of Nowon-gu, Seoul for 1.6 h using a mobile emission laboratory on October 5, 2010. The ultrafine particle number concentrations ranged from 7,009 to $265,600particles/cm^3$ with an average of $55,570particles/cm^3$, and these levels were comparable to concentrations of ultrafine particles larger than 3 or 7 nm on the arterial roads at urban areas in Los Angeles, USA and Zurich, Switzerland. It was frequently observed that the ultrafine particle number increased rapidly when vehicle speed was accelerated and it decreased sharply when vehicle speed was decelerated. The high peak events of ultrafine particle concentration larger than $200,000particles/cm^3$ were observed seven times during the measurement period. From the three repeated measurements during the short period of 50 min, it was concluded that the ultrafine particle number concentration on the road was significantly time-dependent. This on-road measurement approach can be utilized to manage vehicle-related air pollution in urban.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 1992

To find out the extent of air pollution in Taejon city, we investigated the concents of heavy metals in barks of trees in principal roadside, the outer block of a roadside and Pomunsan Park. Among the road-side trees in these areas, Platanus orientalis, Ginkgo biloba and Liriodendron tulipifera have been chosen. And we analyzed the relationship between the content of heavy metal of the barks and the traffic volume expressed by cars passing through for an hour. The range of contents of the lead in barks of the trees in the roadside and Pomunsan Park were respectively 2-1109 ppm and 5-11 ppm. Generally the contents of lead of barks of the trees in roadside was much higher than that in Pomunsan Park. And there has been positive correlation between the traf-fic volume and the content of lead in the barks. The more cars passing through for an hour, the higher the maximum in contents of lead in the barks of roadside trees. By the way the contents of cadmium in barks of the roadside trees was slightly higher than that in Pomunsan Park and was little variable.