• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors and variables which have significant effects on landscape satisfaction of urban pedestrian road in Bun-dang new town and to suggest basic information for urban pedestrian road design. These works consist of two phase. First, we tested the Hye-Cheon college students' degree of landscape satisfaction for 37 spots of urban pedestrian road and then selected 10 sports slide by the Sturges' formula. Second, we analysed factors and variables on landscape satisfaction of urban pedestrian road using the semantic differential scale method and then processed using descriptive analysis, factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) The difference of landscape adjectives between the highest score of landscape satisfaction slide and the lowest score landscape satisfaction slide were diversity of vegetation, plenty of the shade of a tree, naturalness and cleanness. 2) Diversity of vegetation, width of road, freedom of danger and diversity of environment can be significant variables of major effects on landscape satisfaction of urban pedestrian road by using the multiple linear regression analysis. 3) Factors covering the landscape satisfaction of urban pedestrian road have been found to be Environment of urban pedestrian road and Constitution of urban pedestrian road. By using the Varimaxs' rotation factor analysis for the number of factors' cumulative percentage has been obtained as 64%. 4) Environment of urban pedestrian road and Constitution of urban pedestrian road can be significant factors of major effects on landscape satisfaction of urban pedestrian road by using the multiple linear regression analysis. In conclusion, the landscape satisfaction factors and variables of urban pedestrian road need to be considered in plan or design the urban pedestrian road.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.83-92
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• 1999

To investigate the influence of forest road characteristics and site conditions on the stability of forest-road in granite area, four forest roads had been selected in Kyongbuk regions. The total of 13 road characteristic variables were evaluated by the discriminant analysis. The factors influencing the stability of forest road were bed rock, slope length, coverage, hardness, side-ditch erosion and road width. But aspect and soil texture were not significant for the stability in this area. In the correlation between forest environment and road structure, hardness and bed rock was highly significant in stability group, and coverage and side-ditch erosion was highly significant in instability group. 75 of 175 segments were instable whereas the others were stable. The centroids value by discriminant function in the stability and instability were estimated to 3.0585 and -1.9116, respectively. The stability criterion of forest road was discriminated from the centroids value of the each group. The main factors contributing the stability of forest road were significant in order of side-ditch erosion, coverage, soil texture, elevation, gradient, slope length and construction year. The prediction rate of discriminant function for stability evaluation of forest road was as high as 97.44%. In conclusion, the forest road structure factors such as length, coverage and slope gradient were controlled by construction techniques. If the factors like those should be considered in design, construction and forest road management, the stability of forest road may increase more. And also, it is necessary to take slope protection measures like small terraces and retaining walls for stability of cut slope.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 2001

Recently the road traffic noise has appeared as a significant environmental issue because of dramatic increase of vehicles and expansion of newly constructed road. Therefore, this study proposes the method that improves prediction factors and models through analysis of the existing road traffic noise prediction model. Prediction factors can be improved by establishing guideline for diffraction attenuation and applying daily traffic discharge, peak traffic discharge, and average traveling speed through an analysis of level service. Prediction must be made by periods of one or five years during 20 years. Prediction models also can be improved to include better prediction model through setting the database, establishing functional relation between physical properties and noise levels by acoustic analysis, and developing models for road traffic noise prediction in residential areas.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study aimed to offer a greenhouse gases table to assist a road designer in calculating the greenhouse gases for a road environment when making a decision about an alternative road. METHODS : This study developed an operation mode table of greenhouse gases using the MOVES program. Similar factors for Korean vehicles and fuels are reflected in the MOVES program, which was made in the USA. Finally, a paired t-test was conducted to calculate the site data and MOVES data. Through these studies, a methodology was suggested for calculating carbon emissions based on various types of roads alignments. RESULTS : The site results for a passenger truck on the road were statistically significant when the vehicle speed was above 65 km/h. However, a future study will consider factors for various road alignments and vehicles. CONCLUSIONS : This study will contribute to the theoretical basis for reducing carbon emissions from roads by helping road designers make decisions about road alternatives in terms of the road environment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1589-1595
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• 2016

From December 2014 to November 2015, an automatic weather system (AWS) was installed over a wide road of Daegu to continuously measure meteorological factors and surface temperature. We investigated the effective operating period of the clean-road system using the daily maximum and minimum air and asphalt surface temperatures, with the aim of creating an optimum thermal environment. The clean-road system was installed over a part of the broad way of Dalgubul(Dalgubul-Daero) by Daegu Metropolitan City in 2011. Until now, the clean-road system has been operated from the middle of April to the end of September. We assumed that it was desirable that the clean-road system could be operated when the discomfort index was above 55. In conformity with the conditions, we concluded that the optimum operation period of the clean-road system is from the end of March to about the middle of October.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1015-1020
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• 2004

The road traffic noise becomes aggravated due to the rapid increase of vehicles. It has a great effect on the dwelling environment. Therefore we investigate the characteristics and sources of the road traffic noise through grasping the status of the road traffic noise. This paper is concerned with the description of the various factors affecting the generation and propagation of outdoor traffic noise. It is particularly concerned with the mathematical interpretation of these processes and the resulting development of prediction techniques which are now broadly used for both the environment impact assessment of road traffic noise and the planning and design of roads and adjoining land use.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1205-1212
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• 2011

As serving people's activities, pedestrian road systems are basic and necessary facilities in urban structure. To provide and utilize these pedestrian road systems in residential area would enhance urban environment as well as quality of life. For this reason, pedestrian road should be planned by consideration of people's activity in residential area. Evaluation of existing pedestrian road should be also oriented how people use it and what people do in it. This study amis to investigate functions of pedestrian road system throughout evaluation of user's satisfaction in order to improve better pedestrian road system in residential area. The purposes of this study are to analyze components of factors affecting on user's satisfaction, and to find the relationship among affecting factors. For this study, the on-site questionnaire method was applied to 267 individuals who were collected as the study areas where locate Toyogaoka and Kaidori, Japan. The collected data were clarified exploratory factors, and analyzed relationship between the factors and satisfaction by applying quantitative statistical techniques for the mapping investigation, Mann-Whitney u-test, and correlation. The results of this study are follows. The pedestrian road system is more preferred than surroundings of vehicle roads in residential district area where maintains pedestrian road as open space. In addition, satisfactions of the pedestrian road for each purpose were highly evaluated, because of conformability and convenience for usage. Consequently, the pedestrian road which is secure and greening as an open space is well carried out for the living circulation of residents. It would suggest that pedestrian road have to be managed and planned not a function of circulation but an open space system.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.587-593
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• 2018

The current road traffic noise prediction programs of Korea, which are widely used, are based upon foreign prediction model. Thus, it is necessary to verify foreign prediction models to find out whether they are suitable for the domestic road traffic environment. In addition, an analysis and an in-depth study on the main factors should be conducted in advance as the influence factors on the occurrence of traffic noise vary for each prediction model. Therefore, this study examined the influence factors and the existing prediction models used to forecast road traffic noise. Also, analyzed their relationship with the factors influencing the noise generated by driving vehicles through multiple regression analysis using a prediction model, taking into consideration of the traffic environment and the road geometric structure. In addition, this study will apply experimental values to the existing road traffic noise prediction model (NIER, RLS-90) and the deducted road traffic noise prediction model. As a result, the order of the absolute value sum of the errors are NIER, RLS-90, model value. Through comparison and verification, developed models are to be analyzed for providing basic research results for future study on road traffic noise prediction modeling.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.188-195
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• 2009

Generally. mobile sources of air pollution were classified in on-road and non-road. Due to increased registration number of construction equipment in Korea. updated emission factors for non-road mobile sources, such as construction machinery. should be developed. NONROAD model of U.S. EPA already has introduced transient adjustment factors and sulfur adjustment factors for emission factors of diesel powered engine. In addition to this. European Environment Agency (EEA) has proposed emission factors for off-road machinery including several types of construction equipment. In this study. six types of construction equipment, such as excavator. forklift, loader, crane, roller and bulldozer, were studied to estimate emission factors based on total registration status in Korea. Total 445 construction equipments between 2004 and 2007 model year were tested with KC1-8 mode and air pollutants (CO, THC, $NO_x$, and PM) were measured. After statistical estimation and calculation, emission factors for CO, THC, $NO_x$, and PM for excavator, forklift, loader, crane, roller and bulldozer were provided and compared with previous emission factors. Moreover, updated emission factors for six types of construction equipment in this study were verified after comparison with emission factors of U.S. EPA. Finally, estimated emission amounts of four air pollutants were suggested according to six types of construction equipment.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 2002

The road sign in dynamic traffic system is an important element which affects on human cognitive performance on driving. Web-based vision system simulator was developed to examine the cognition time of the road sign in dynamic environment. This experiment the cognition time of the road sign in dynamic environment. This experiment was designed in with-subject design with two factors: vehicle speed and the amount of information of the traffic sign. It measured the cognition time of the road sign through two evaluation methods: the subjective test with vision system simulator and computational cognitive model. In these two evaluations of human cognitive performance under the dynamic traffic environment, it demonstrated that subject's cognition time was affected by both the amount of information of traffic sign and driving speed.