• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.362-368
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• 2022

The sensory characteristics of nine rice-based distilled soju were determined using check-all-that-apply (CATA) profiling. A total of 53 consumers evaluated the soju for two appearance attributes, nine aroma attributes, nine flavor/taste attributes, four mouth-feel related sensory attributes, and overall desirability. The total sum of CATA terms indicated that 14 characteristics showed frequency differences of over 10 and that there were significant differences among nine samples for eleven sensory attributes as determined using Cochran's q test (p<0.05). Based on correspondence analysis of CATA data, the samples were primarily separated by the first dimension, which accounted for 89% of the total variance among samples. The "brown color," "fruit taste," and "grain aroma" characteristics had higher frequencies than those for the "white color," "acetone aroma," and 'alcohol taste" characteristics. Overall, there was a higher preference for oak-aged samples than for samples aged in other containers. "sweet aroma', 'fruit aroma," and "sweet taste" seemed to positively affect consumer preferences, while "bitter taste," "alcohol taste," and "acetone aroma" appeared to negatively affect consumer preferences as determined by principal coordinate analysis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.407-415
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities on HaCaT and the whitening effects on B16F1 melanoma cells of Dendropanax morbifera leaf extract. In an antioxidative activity assay using HaCaT cells, the ethyl acetate ($50{\mu}g/ml$) and aglycone fractions ($25{\mu}g/ml$) of the D. morbifera leaf extract didn't exhibit any characteristics of cytotoxicity. When HaCaT cells were exposed to a single large dose ($800mJ/cm^2$) of UVB, the extracts protected the cells against UVB radiation. When HaCaT cells were treated with 10 mM $H_2O_2$ and $4{\mu}M$ rose bengal, the ethyl acetate ($6.25{\sim}50{\mu}g/ml$) and aglycone ($6.25{\sim}25{\mu}g/ml$) fractions protected the cells against oxidative damage in a concentration dependent manner. When the whitening effects of D. morbifera leaf extract were tested in melanoma B16/F1 cells treated with the a-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH), the extracts inhibited ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated intra/extracellular melanogenesis in a concentration dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of the ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions of D. morbifera leaf extract were 21% and 44% at $25{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Both are more effective than arbutin (15% at $25{\mu}g/ml$) which is known as a whitening agent. These results indicate that fractions of the D. morbifera leaf can function as cell protectants and natural antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skins exposed to UV radiation by quenching and/or scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protecting cells against ROS. In addition, fractions of the D. morbifera leaf can be applied to new whitening cosmetics because of their inhibitory effects on ${\alpha}$-MSH stimulated melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 1999

Color qualities investigated on the basis of Munsell code and Korean standard color code for the cocoons from various strain of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori. 16 of different color qualities were identified from 21 of original silworm strains, and determinated international name with the revision of Korean color name for cocoon. The various cocoon color confirmed on the sphere from 567 to 593 nm wavelength, 78% of those located at the region about 580 nm (575~584) of sensitive "color difference limen". Y gene engaged broad ranges of wavelength (575~593 nm) in the color expression, by contrast with other genes of Pk (593 nm), F (584~593), Grc and relative G group (567~570 nm), on the transmission of carotenoid or flavonoid color substance. YC gene expression by original silk worm strain was also distinguished by those variation of specific yellow than other colors from Grc, GaGb, Gc, and YPkF. Appearance of chrome yellow cocoon was dominant than other yellow in the cross among vivid yellow group. F1 of pin${\times}$green produced the cocoon of yellow such as "additive mixture" as color light, however, most of the hybrid between yellow cocoon showed the color similar to "subtractive mixture" as a mixture of dyestuff. Hybrid cocoons among yellow or green colors were decreased their hue, value, and chroma, than those of parent. Diallel cross among the strain of various green cocoon suggest the existence of Grc, Ga, Gb, Gc genes. Cream colored cocoon of B. mandarina was differed from other yellow cocoon of Bobyx mori B. mori. Y$^A$ with Ymc showed the similar role of Y with C, therefore, segregated yellow cocoon from the B. mori${\times}$B. mandarina (+$^YC/Y^AYmc$). YC expression of $Y^AY$mc genes might be suppressed by deficiency of outer layer sericin on the middle division of silk giand in the B. mandarina.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 1992

Alexandrite crystals were grown by the Czochralski method. Relationships between or ystal quality and crystal growth factors such as pulling rate, rotation rate, purity of BeO po wders and evaporation loss compensation of BeO and Cr3+/Al3+substitution ratio were investigated. As a result, 1) high purity (more than 99.99p,) of BeO, as a raw material, is requisite condition for single crystal growth, 2) evaporation loss comp ensation is also requisite for high quality crystal growth. This compensation depends on pulling rate and Cr3+/Al3+ ratio. And 3) optimum pulling and rotation rate for alexandrite growth were 0.5∼1.0mm/hr and 20∼25rpm, respectively. Ale xandrite crystals were grown to (001) direction. Various types of defects were detected by the polarizing microscope and we discussed how to remove these defects. And room tempo rature absorption and fluorescence spectra were measured.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.6
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• pp.221-240
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• 2002

In diesem Beitrag habe ich zu zeigen versucht, dass eine bestimmte, im Zusammenhang mit $Pr\"{a}positionen$ der in-Gruppe formulierte Kasusregel einen Geltungsbereich aufweist und weitgehend auch die exklusive A(Akkusativ)- bzw. D(Dativ)-Rektion von $Pr\"{a}positionen$ zu bestimmen. Ich glaube einsichtig gemacht zu haben, dass die A/D-Markierung im $pr\"{a}positionalen$ und im nicht-$pr\"{a}positionalen$ Bereich weitgehend nach einem einheitlichen Prinzip erfolgt. Aus meinem Beitrag ergibt sich dass A-Markierung in der Gegenwartssprache einem einheitlichen Prinzip unterliegt, der Bezeichnung der limitativen Funktion der von der markierten Phrase vertretenen $Gr\"{o}{\ss}e$. Ihrerseits $l\"{a}sst$ sich die D-Markierung nicht nach einem einheitlichen Prinzip deuten. Der Dativ kennzeichnet im $Pr\"{a}positionalbereich$ sowie in ditransitiven Konstruktionen die syntaktische Funktion als eine nicht limitative. Beim indirekten Objekt in nicht-ditransitiven Konstruktionenn ist die D- Markierung nicht mehr nach diesem Prinzip zu $begr\"{u}nden$. Sie erfolgt nur aufgrund thematischer Rollen. Die Kennzeichnung einer $Gr\"{o}{\ss}e$ als eine limitative bzw. nicht-limitative ist das Prinzip, das sich hinsichtlich A-bzw. D-Markierung in der Gegenwartssprache erkennen $l\"{a}sst$. Der A wurde ein syntaktisch motivierter Kasus, der D hingegen ein teilweise syntaktisch, teilweise thematisch motivierter Kasus genannt. Eine Kasusmarkierung gilt hier als syntaktisch bedingt, wenn sie eine Phrase betrifft, deren syntaktische Funktion ohne Zuhilfenahme thematischer RoIlen definiert werden kann. Nach diesem Prinzip wurde die A-Markierung eine syntaktisch bedingte genannt, weil die von ihr gekennzeichneten syntaktischen Funktionen nicht nach thematischen Rollen zu $begr\"{u}nden$ sind Dies gilt anderseits nur teilweise $f\"{u}r$ die D-Markierung, so dass sie als eine nur teilweise syntaktisch bedingte gelten muss.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.850-858
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• 2002

The present study investigates in detail the combined effects of the Coriolis force and centrifugal force on the development of turbulent flows in a square-sectioned U-bend rotating about an axis parallel to the center of bend curvature. When a viscous fluid flows through a curved region of U-bend, two types of secondary flow occur. One is caused by the Coriolis force due to the rotation of U-bend and the other by the centrifugal force due to the curvature of U-bend. For positive rotation, where the rotation is in the same direction as that of the main flow, both the Coriolis force and the centrifugal force act radially outwards. Therefore, the flow structure is qualitatively similar to that observed in a stationary curved duct. On the other hand, under negative rotation, where these two forces act in opposite direction, more complex flow fields can be observed depending on the relative magnitudes of the forces. Under the condition that the value of Rossby number and curvature ratio is large, the flow field in a rotating U-bend can be represented by two dimensionless parameters : $K_{TC}$ =Re $\sfrac{1}{4}$√λand a body force ratio F=λ/Ro. Here, $K_{TC}$ has the same dynamical meaning as $K_{TC}$ =Re√λ for laminar flow.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2015

The root of Panax ginseng, is a Korea traditional medicine, which is used in both raw and processed forms due to their different pharmacological activities. As part of a continued chemical investigation of ginseng, the focus of this research is on the isolation and identification of compounds from Panax ginseng root by open column chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, semi-preparative-high performance liquid chromatography, Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins were isolated from Panax ginseng root by open column chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, and semi-preparative-high performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified as protopanaxadiol ginsenosides [gypenoside-V (1), ginsenosides-Rb1 (2), -Rb2 (3), -Rb3 (4), -Rc (5), and -Rd (6)], protopanaxatriol ginsenosides [20(S)-notoginsenoside-R2 (7), notoginsenoside-Rt (8), 20(S)-O-glucoginsenoside-Rf (9), 6-O-[$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1$\rightarrow$2-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-$3\beta$,$12\beta$, 20(S)-dihydroxy-dammar-25-en-24-one (10), majoroside-F6 (11), pseudoginsenoside-Rt3 (12), ginsenosides-Re (13), -Re5 (14), -Rf (15), -Rg1 (16), -Rg2 (17), and -Rh1 (18), and vinaginsenoside-R15 (19)], and oleanene ginsenosides [calenduloside-B (20) and ginsenoside-Ro (21)] through the interpretation of spectroscopic analysis. The configuration of the sugar linkages in each saponin was established on the basic of chemical and spectroscopic data. Among them, compounds 1, 8, 10, 11, 12, 19, and 20 were isolated for the first time from P. ginseng root.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.60-66
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• 2010

Zinc has a number of characteristics that make it well suited for use as a coating to protecting iron and steel products from corrosion. Its excellent corrosion resistance in most environments accounts for its successful use as a protective coating on a variety of products and in many exposure conditions. The excellent field performance of zinc coatings results from their ability to form dense, adherent films that corrode at a rate that ranges from 1% to 10% of the corrosion rate of ferrous materials, depending on the environment. Recently, EU RoHS and EU ELV prohibited the use of materials that adversely affect the environment, such as Pb, Hg, Cd, and $Cr^{+6}$. In this study, environmentally-friendly, Cr-free solutions (epoxy solution, acrylic solution, and urethane solution S-700) and organic/inorganic solution with Si; LRO-317) were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of zinc-coated steel subjected to a saltwater spray for 72 hours. The coating of urethane solution (S-700) was best among the three kinds of solution with heat treatment during five minutes at $190^{\circ}F$. Test specimens with S-700 and LRO-317 coating were heat treated in a drying oven at 170, 180, 190, 200, and $210^{\circ}C$ for five minutes. The results show that the optimum corrosion resistance was $190^{\circ}C$ in EGI and $170^{\circ}C$ in HDGI, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.153-157
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• 1999

Three varieties of soybean (Joonjul, Iksan and Eunha) were cultivated by a standard procedure and by the treatment of chitosan solution (1% chitosan in 0.25% acetic acid) for 5 days. In the chitosan treated soybean sprouts (CTSS), the growth rate and weight increase were higher than in the control group. The growth rate of CTSS (Iksan) was 25.4% higher and the increase of fresh weight of CTSS was 8.5% higher than those of control group. Dry weight of whole soybean sprout in the control group decreased during cultivation, but that of CTSS slightly increased after 2 days cultivation. In the control group, dry weight of hypocotyl increased 400%, but that of cotyledon decreased 41% during 5 days cultivation.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.57-73
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• 2020

The proportion of digital evidence in criminal cases has increased, while at the same time, the spread of the Internet has made it easy to delete information that is stored in another place and thus, the Internet is being used to delete online criminal evidence. To respond quickly and effectively to cybercrime, 29 countries signed the Convention on Cybercrime in 2001 through the Council of Europe. Article 16 of the Convention relates to the expedited preservation of stored computer data and requires signatories to adopt legislative measures to enable its competent authorities to order expeditious preservation of specified computer data where there are grounds to believe that the data is particularly vulnerable to loss or modification. More than 60 countries have joined the Convention since 2001 and have made efforts to improve their legal system in line with it. The United States legislated 18 U.S.C. § 2703(f) to preserve electronic evidence pending the issuance of a court order. The German Code of Criminal Procedure §§ 94~95 allows prosecution authorities to seize evidence or issue production orders without court control in urgent circumstances. A custodian shall be obliged to surrender evidence upon a request that evidence be preserved, and non-compliance results in punishment. Japan legislated the Criminal Procedure Act § 197(3) and (4) to establish a legal base for requesting that electronic records that are stored by an ISP not be deleted. The Korean Criminal Procedure Act § 184 outlines procedures for the preservation of evidence but does not adequately address the expeditious preservation of digital evidence that may be vulnerable to deletion. This paper analyzes nine considerations, including request subjects, requirements, and cost reimbursement to establish directions to improve the legal system for the expedited preservation of digital evidence. A new method to preserve online digital evidence in urgent cases is necessary.