• Title/Summary/Keyword: Risks Preference

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Perception Survey of Nuclear Power after the Nuclear Plant and Thyroid Cancer Controversy (원자력발전소와 갑상선암 논란 이후 원자력에 대한 인식 조사)

  • Lee, Jae-Heon;Park, Eun-tae
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2017
  • In this study, in order to analyze the general awareness of the nuclear power according to the controversy of thyroid cancer around nuclear plant, we investigated risks, preference and economics regarding type of power, and awareness of pre-post nucl ear power targeting the Busan Metropolitan residents. As a result, there has been a change in people's awareness of nuclear power as a result of the controversy thyroid cancer around nuclear plant. Especially, there was the greatest increase in the risk factors compared to before the event(p<0.05). Negative awareness of nuclear risk was shown to be expressed differently accor ding to the difference between groups. It is thought that this is due to the different prior experience of each individuals or obtained information through the interaction with others rather than on scientific and objective grounds. In order to establish a nuclear power policy considering the level of the people in the future, it seems that the efforts to understand the attitudes and opinions of people about nuclear power and above all, a scientific trust in nuclear power should be guaranteed.

A Study on the Structural Relationship between Quality of Medical Service, Perceived Risk, Reputation and Customer Satisfaction in Small and Medium Hospitals (중소병원의 의료서비스 품질, 지각된 위험, 평판, 고객만족의 구조적 관계 연구)

  • Park, Ae-Jun
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.67-76
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    • 2019
  • Purpose - This study attempted to construct and validate a structural model of the relationship between the quality of medical services, perceived risk, reputation and customer satisfaction, which is the main concept of the relationship between large hospitals as well as small and medium hospitals and medical consumers. Through this verification, the small and medium hospitals are to find the way for wise coping in competitive situation with large hospitals. Research design, data, and methodology - This research developed a hypothesis by constructing a structural equation that reaches the satisfaction and the relationship between reputation of perceived risk and perceived risk of service quality perceptions of customers of small and medium hospitals. Research data were collected through a questionnaire survey of respondents who had medical service experience from small and medium hospital. A total data of 252 respondents were used as the sample for the final analysis and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23. Results - As a result, the relationship of quality of medical service, reputation, and customer satisfaction among small and medium hospitals was consistent with the results of precedent studies, and the perceived risk has a significant impact on reputation, so the greater the perceived risk, the higher the preference for reputable medical institutions as large hospitals. In addition, it was found that the direct route from perceived risk to customer satisfaction was not significant, and reputation was found to have a full mediating effect on perceived risk and customer satisfaction. Customers who use small and medium hospitals prefer to use reputable medical institutions if their perceived risk is high, which is different from risk perception when specific targets are specified. Conclusions - In terms of the effect from customer satisfaction, not only the path of perceived risk → reputation → customer satisfaction, but also the quality of service quality → reputation → customer satisfaction. These findings suggest that small and medium hospitals are appropriately responding to competition with large hospitals, rather than focusing on the perceived risks and reputation of customers in establishing and utilizing competitive strategies to create new customers and preserve existing customers.

Differences in dietary intakes, body compositions, and biochemical indices between metabolically healthy and metabolically abnormal obese Korean women

  • Kang, Eun Yeong;Yim, Jung-Eun
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.488-497
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    • 2019
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There are various factors that affect metabolic abnormalities related to obesity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in dietary intakes and body compositions of obese women according to metabolic risks and to classify them as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or metabolically abnormal obese (MAO). SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted on 59 obese Korean women aged 19 to 60 years. NCEP-ATPIII criteria were applied and the women classified as MHO (n = 45) or MAO (n = 14). Body composition of each subject was measured by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Three-day food records were used to analyze dietary intake. Eating habits and health-related behaviors were determined through questionnaires. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting metabolic rate and respiratory rate. RESULTS: The average age of the subjects was 43.7 years. The analysis of body composition according to phenotype revealed significantly higher body fat mass (P < 0.05), arm fat mass (P < 0.05), and android fat mass (P < 0.05), as measured by DEXA, in the MAO group than in the MHO group. There was no significant difference in the dietary intake of the two groups. However, eating behaviors differed. Compared to the MHO group, the MAO women had a shorter meal time (less than 10 minutes), a preference of oily foods, and a tendency to eat until full. Therefore, the eating habits of MHO women were more positive than those of MAO women. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that fat distribution in each body region affects various metabolic abnormalities. A high level of arm fat mass in obese Korean women may increase metabolic risk. In addition, eating habits of obese Korean women are considered to be environmental factors affecting the metabolic phenotype of obese Korean women.

How Enduring Product Involvement and Perceived Risk Affect Consumers' Online Merchant Selection Process: The 'Required Trust Level' Perspective (지속적 관여도 및 인지된 위험이 소비자의 온라인 상인선택 프로세스에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 요구신뢰 수준 개념을 중심으로)

  • Hong, Il-Yoo B.;Lee, Jung-Min;Cho, Hwi-Hyung
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.29-52
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    • 2012
  • Consumers differ in the way they make a purchase. An audio mania would willingly make a bold, yet serious, decision to buy a top-of-the-line home theater system, while he is not interested in replacing his two-decade-old shabby car. On the contrary, an automobile enthusiast wouldn't mind spending forty thousand dollars to buy a new Jaguar convertible, yet cares little about his junky component system. It is product involvement that helps us explain such differences among individuals in the purchase style. Product involvement refers to the extent to which a product is perceived to be important to a consumer (Zaichkowsky, 2001). Product involvement is an important factor that strongly influences consumer's purchase decision-making process, and thus has been of prime interest to consumer behavior researchers. Furthermore, researchers found that involvement is closely related to perceived risk (Dholakia, 2001). While abundant research exists addressing how product involvement relates to overall perceived risk, little attention has been paid to the relationship between involvement and different types of perceived risk in an electronic commerce setting. Given that perceived risk can be a substantial barrier to the online purchase (Jarvenpaa, 2000), research addressing such an issue will offer useful implications on what specific types of perceived risk an online firm should focus on mitigating if it is to increase sales to a fullest potential. Meanwhile, past research has focused on such consumer responses as information search and dissemination as a consequence of involvement, neglecting other behavioral responses like online merchant selection. For one example, will a consumer seriously considering the purchase of a pricey Guzzi bag perceive a great degree of risk associated with online buying and therefore choose to buy it from a digital storefront rather than from an online marketplace to mitigate risk? Will a consumer require greater trust on the part of the online merchant when the perceived risk of online buying is rather high? We intend to find answers to these research questions through an empirical study. This paper explores the impact of enduring product involvement and perceived risks on required trust level, and further on online merchant choice. For the purpose of the research, five types or components of perceived risk are taken into consideration, including financial, performance, delivery, psychological, and social risks. A research model has been built around the constructs under consideration, and 12 hypotheses have been developed based on the research model to examine the relationships between enduring involvement and five components of perceived risk, between five components of perceived risk and required trust level, between enduring involvement and required trust level, and finally between required trust level and preference toward an e-tailer. To attain our research objectives, we conducted an empirical analysis consisting of two phases of data collection: a pilot test and main survey. The pilot test was conducted using 25 college students to ensure that the questionnaire items are clear and straightforward. Then the main survey was conducted using 295 college students at a major university for nine days between December 13, 2010 and December 21, 2010. The measures employed to test the model included eight constructs: (1) enduring involvement, (2) financial risk, (3) performance risk, (4) delivery risk, (5) psychological risk, (6) social risk, (7) required trust level, (8) preference toward an e-tailer. The statistical package, SPSS 17.0, was used to test the internal consistency among the items within the individual measures. Based on the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients of the individual measure, the reliability of all the variables is supported. Meanwhile, the Amos 18.0 package was employed to perform a confirmatory factor analysis designed to assess the unidimensionality of the measures. The goodness of fit for the measurement model was satisfied. Unidimensionality was tested using convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. The statistical evidences proved that the three types of validity were all satisfied. Now the structured equation modeling technique was used to analyze the individual paths along the relationships among the research constructs. The results indicated that enduring involvement has significant positive relationships with all the five components of perceived risk, while only performance risk is significantly related to trust level required by consumers for purchase. It can be inferred from the findings that product performance problems are mostly likely to occur when a merchant behaves in an opportunistic manner. Positive relationships were also found between involvement and required trust level and between required trust level and online merchant choice. Enduring involvement is concerned with the pleasure a consumer derives from a product class and/or with the desire for knowledge for the product class, and thus is likely to motivate the consumer to look for ways of mitigating perceived risk by requiring a higher level of trust on the part of the online merchant. Likewise, a consumer requiring a high level of trust on the merchant will choose a digital storefront rather than an e-marketplace, since a digital storefront is believed to be trustworthier than an e-marketplace, as it fulfills orders by itself rather than acting as an intermediary. The findings of the present research provide both academic and practical implications. The first academic implication is that enduring product involvement is a strong motivator of consumer responses, especially the selection of a merchant, in the context of electronic shopping. Secondly, academicians are advised to pay attention to the finding that an individual component or type of perceived risk can be used as an important research construct, since it would allow one to pinpoint the specific types of risk that are influenced by antecedents or that influence consequents. Meanwhile, our research provides implications useful for online merchants (both online storefronts and e-marketplaces). Merchants may develop strategies to attract consumers by managing perceived performance risk involved in purchase decisions, since it was found to have significant positive relationship with the level of trust required by a consumer on the part of the merchant. One way to manage performance risk would be to thoroughly examine the product before shipping to ensure that it has no deficiencies or flaws. Secondly, digital storefronts are advised to focus on symbolic goods (e.g., cars, cell phones, fashion outfits, and handbags) in which consumers are relatively more involved than others, whereas e- marketplaces should put their emphasis on non-symbolic goods (e.g., drinks, books, MP3 players, and bike accessories).

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Morphology, Phylogeny and Ecology of Hyphomycetes Hyperparasitic to Rusts

  • Park, Mi-Jeong;Park, Jong-Han;Hong, Seung-Beom;Shin, Hyeon-Dong
    • 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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    • 2015.05a
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    • pp.55-55
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    • 2015
  • Rust is one of the most destructive diseases on economically important plants such as agricultural and horticultural crops, as well as forest trees [1]. Chemical treatment is the most effective means to control rust, but use of the chemical fungicides involves inevitable risks to human health and environment [2]. Unfortunately, biocontrol is currently impracticable for rust disease management [3]. It is necessary to exploit biocontrol agents to help prevent rust diseases. As a fundamental research for future development of biocontrol agents for rusts, biodiversity of hyperparasites occurring on rust fungi was investigated. During 2006-2010, 197 fungal isolates of the rust hyperparasites were collected and isolated from various combinations of mycohosts and plant hosts in many regions of Korea. Based on morphological and molecular data, they were identified as 8 genera and 12 species. Besides, phylogenetic relationships between the hyperparasites and related taxa were inferred. A total of 114 isolates of Pseudovirgaria were obtained from rust pustules of Phragmidium spp. and Pucciniastrum agrimoniae infecting rosaceous plants. Phylogenetic analysis using multigene sequences revealed a high level of genetic variability among many isolates of Pseudovirgaria and close correlation between the isolates and mycohosts. Only two species of Pseudovirgaria, P. hyperparasitica and P. grisea are often difficult to distinguish by their morphological similarity, but on the molecular basis they were clearly differentiated from each other. There had been no previous record of P. grisea outside Europe, but the present study has proved its presence in Korea. Among six distinct groups (five of P. hyperparasitica and one of P. grisea) within the Pseudovirgaria isolates, each lineage of P. hyperparasitica was closely associated with specific mycohosts and thus might have cospeciated with their mycohosts, which probably led to coevolution. Although P. grisea possesses a host preference for Phragmidium species occurring on Rubus, it was not specific for a mycohost. P. grisea seems to evolve in the direction of having a broad mycohost range. Seventeen isolates of Verticillium-like fungi were isolated from rust sori. Based on morphological data and DNA sequence analysis, the isolates were identified as three Lecanicillium species, viz. L. attenuatum, Lecanicillium sp. 1, Lecanicillium sp. 2, and V. epiphytum. The unidenified two species of Lecanicillium appear to be previously unknown taxa. Sixty-six isolates of miscellaneous hyphomycetes belonging to 6 species of 5 genera were obtained from pustules of rust fungi. On the basis of morphological and molecular analyses, the miscellaneous hyphomycetes growing on rusts were identified as Acrodontium crateriforme, Cladophialophora pucciniophila, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Phacellium vossianum, Ramularia coleosporii, and R. uredinicola.

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Analysis of the Organic Matter Content for Soil Samples Taken at the New Points of Korea Soil Quality Monitoring Network (토양측정망 확대 지점의 토양 유기물 함량 연구)

  • Lee, Sojin;Kim, Jinjoo;Jeong, Seung-Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.38 no.12
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    • pp.641-646
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    • 2016
  • Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important soil component releasing nutrients to the plants and reducing risks of soil contamination to the human and ecosystem. Much attention has been recently paid to SOM investigation and management because SOM holds the most of carbon in the earth and sequestrate carbon as a sink tank. The first objective of the study was to investigate SOM of 495 soil samples taken at the Korea Soil Quality Monitoring Network. Soil samples were collected from 16 regions and 8 land use types. The second objective of the study was to find a relationship between the Tyurin method and loss-on-ignition (LOI) method for SOM. The means of SOM by Tyurin and LOI methods were 1.90 and 2.92 % (w/w), respectively. Land uses such as forest, religious area and park where organic matters continuously supply to normally showed higher SOMs than residential and school areas having sandy soils. A regression equation of the relationship between Tyurin and LOI methods was y(Tyurin) = 0.6257x(LOI) + 0.0602 (P-value < 0.001). The coefficient of determination was $R^2=0.749$, relatively linearly related. Although LOI may result in higher SOMs than the Tyurin method, LOI may be a preference for the SOM investigation if various kinds of land uses and many soil samples should be measured.

The Analysis of On-line Product Categories Based on Consumer Segmentation Characteristics (소비자 세분시장 특성에 따른 인터넷 판매 제품분석)

  • Park, Seong-Yong;Lee, Jin-Yong
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.59-84
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    • 2005
  • Most of previous studies have proposed representative product categories which are likely to be sold on the on-line based only on the on-line benefits and risks. However, on-line shopping can be perceived another form of distribution channels from the perspectives of consumers. Therefore, in order to identify product categories which have a great potential to be sold on on-line stores, it is necessary to consider the perception and behavior at off-line shopping contexts as well as on on-line shopping circumstances. In this paper, we investigate the consumers' perception and behavior under both on-line and off-line shopping situations and classify them into several groups based on their perceptual and behavioral characteristics. Based on this classification, we empirically examine the product categories selling well on the on-line shopping. The empirical results show that there exist some patterns between distribution channels (on-line and off-line) and product categories. In addition, there are some differences among consumers regarding the perceptions and behaviors at on-line and off-line situations. Consumers who have high preference for on-line shopping tend to buy much wider product categories from on-line.

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The Development of Science Culture Indicators for Socio-Scientific Issues: Focusing on Climate Change (과학관련 사회적 이슈에 대한 과학문화지표의 개발: '기후변화'를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Lee-Kyoung;Ha, Eun-Sun;Song, Jin-Woong
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.472-486
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    • 2010
  • The surveys for public awareness in relation to socio-scientific issues (SSI) have been limited to several topics such as public perception of risks about the issues and preference for some policies. To illuminate the public science culture literacy about SSI from a holistic perspective, this study aimed to develop an indicator system. For this purpose, the issue on climate change, which is currently one of the biggest issues worldwide, was adopted as a specific SSI and the framework centering on climate change was developed. Science culture literacy about SSI was defined as a lifestyle to identify SSI from various viewpoints and to cope with problems related to SSI appropriately. In the framework proposed, individual science culture indicators are divided into Potential and Activity area. The Potential consists of categories of Interest, Opinion and Understanding, whereas the Activity is composed of categories of Learning and Practice. To examine the reliability and validity of this framework statistically, the developed questionnaire was reviewed by science educators, environment experts and atmospheric scientists and was used to asked 777 secondary students. Based on the results of statistical analyses, the framework was modified and it consequently had 2 areas, 5 categories, 15 sub-categories, 34 indicators and 63 items. It is expected that the framework of science culture indicators for SSI could be used as a measurement tool for public awareness about various SSI topics.

Effect of Virtual Reality Training for the Enclosed Space Entry (밀폐공간진입을 위한 가상현실(VR) 훈련의 효과)

  • Chae, Chong-Ju;Lee, Jin-Woo;Jung, Jin-Ki;Ahn, Young-Joong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.232-237
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    • 2018
  • According to the MAIIF report, from 1998 to 2009, 101 incidents involving entering enclosed spaces aboard ships resulted in 93 deaths and 96 casualties. IMO has therefore amended the Recommendations for entering Enclosed Spaces Entry and SOLAS 1974 Convention Chapter 3 Regulation 19, which mandates enclosed spaces entry and rescue drill on a regular basis. The training of entering such enclosed spaces should be practical, recognizing all possible risks of entering enclosed spaces aboard ships, while also considering the safety of trainees during the training. Recently, educational contents utilizing virtual reality (VR) have been applied in various fields to improve education and training effects, and these methods have proven to have advantages in actual and repetitive learning without being limited to physical space. In this study, the effectiveness, characteristics and differentiation of training of entering enclosed spaces aboard ships using VR were compared with traditional class room lectures through quantitative evaluation and questionnaires of training participants. Through the evaluation and questionnaire, it was found that participants using VR understood and learned the required training elements better than the control group, all of whom were trained through the normal class room lecture. Moreover, participants reported to display preference for training with the help of VR. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the learning effects of VR onboard training can be used as an effective training method, especially by using video and other types of simulators.

Internet Apparel Shopping: Perception of Risk among South Korean Female College Students in the Apparel Major (한국 여대생의 인터넷을 통한 의류제품 구입시의 인지위험 - 의류학 전공자를 대상으로 -)

  • Ko, Seung-Bong;Salusso, Carol J.;Sprott, David E.;Hwang, Choon-Sup
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.31 no.6 s.165
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    • pp.869-878
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate perception of risks among South Korean female college students within the process of purchasing apparel products through the Internet. The study was implemented by descriptive survey method using questionnaire and subjects consisted of 324 South Korean female college students. Findings of the study showed that the purchasing process particularly regarding delivery and security issues seemed to be a strong concern. On the other hand, unique selection such as apparel brands only available through the Internet was a strong appeal to 37.7% of subjects. Factor analysis profiled risk perception as: 1) Internet Shopping Selection Preference, 2) Delivery Problems and Lack of Security 3) Product Quality and Characteristics 4) Return Policy Difficulties and 5) Fair Prices. Discriminant analysis showed Factors 1, 2 and 3 were significant in helping to differentiate among Non-Purchasers, Fewer-purchasers and Many-Purchasers. Factor 1 and 3 helped differentiate among respondents relative to age range. Across all types of purchasers, offering unique selections of cutting edge fashions and improving risk perception relative to delivery and security concerns seemed important for gaining greater market share. Being able to delivery quality products and communicate product characteristics would be a powerful competitive edge to add to the incentive of convenience in shopping for apparel on the Internet.