• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.38-48
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• 2017

ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems-Requirements has been revised in 2015. It has been updated four times since its publication in 1987. It is the most widely used International Standard in the world. There are over one million companies and organizations in over 170 countries certified to ISO 9001 from an ISO survey. Organizations are supposed to be certified to this new version by late 2018. The key changes in ISO 9001:2015 are to establish a High Level Structure (HLS) and focus on Risk-Based Thinking (RBT). Risk-Based Thinking means the process approach to decide how risk is addressed in establishing the processes to improve process outputs and prevent undesirable results. It pursues process planning and controls based on risks so that organizations can improve the effectiveness of the quality management system. It maintains and manages a Quality Management System that inherently addresses risks and meets objectives. In this article we firstly attempt to explain how to understand the fundamental concept of Risk-Based Thinking which is a systematic approach to consider risks rather than treating prevention as a separate component of a Quality Management System. We comment on the detailed requirements that contain risks in ISO 9001:2015 clauses. We also summarize recent advances on the risk assessment and management in line with ISO 31000:2009 Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines. We finally propose the practical risk management procedures for implementing ISO 9001:2015 with an emphasis on RBT. This article would contribute to help quality managers and practitioners convert to ISO 9001:2015.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

Purpose : The study aimed to identify relationship among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' critical thinking disposition, medication error risk level of high-alert medication, and medication safety competency, as well as the factors affecting medication safety competency. Methods : The participants were 266 ICU nurses of one higher-tier general hospital and one general hospital in Province. The data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaire from August 10 to August 31, 2021. Measurements included the critical thinking disposition questionnaire, nurses's knowledge of high-alert medication questionnaire, the medication safety competency scale. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regressions using SPSS/WIN 28.0. Results : In the multiple regression analysis, the medication safety competence has a statistically significant correlation with the working department, the critical thinking disposition, and medication error risk level of high-alert medication. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to develop and apply an educational strategy that can strengthen the knowledge and skills of critical thinking disposition and medication error risk level of high-alert medication to improve the ICU nurse's medication safety competency.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.193-205
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of the socio-demographic characteristics, self-recognition factors, and health behavior factors of Korean adolescents on suicide dimension, and grasp the effects of suicide thinking of adolescents on attempting suicide. This study used the eighth primitive data of the "Web-based Survey on Adolescents Health Behavior(2012)", and targeted 72,228 actual test respondent(93.8%). In conclusion, risk factors that greatly influence the suicide dimension of adolescents can be summarized into level of happiness, level of stress, depression, experience drinking, experience smoking, experience with drugs, suicide thinking, etc. and considering these risk factors, a preparation for preventing adolescents' suicide should be established, and along with a regular education, developing and expanding a treatment program for preventing recurrence afterwards of adolescents who have experience attempting suicide are necessary.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.226-233
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• 2016

Cloud computing is a distributed computing model that has lot of drawbacks and faces difficulties. Many new innovative and emerging techniques take advantage of its features. In this paper, we explore the security threats to and Risk Assessments for cloud computing, attack mitigation frameworks, and the risk-based dynamic access control for cloud computing. Common security threats to cloud computing have been explored and these threats are addressed through acceptable measures via governance and effective risk management using a tailored Security Risk Approach. Most existing Threat and Risk Assessment (TRA) schemes for cloud services use a converse thinking approach to develop theoretical solutions for minimizing the risk of security breaches at a minimal cost. In our study, we propose an improved Attack-Defense Tree mechanism designated as iADTree, for solving the TRA problem in cloud computing environments.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.219-225
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• 2001

The basic structure for assessment of potential health risks from environmental chemicals is widely agreed upon, but many of the details of risk assessment procedures differ among practitioners. Government regulatory agencies typically have guidelines or standard procedures for their risk assessments, established to ensure consistency and comparability, to set standards for adequacy, and to embody underlying tenets. In setting and updating such guidelines, each agency takes into account not only the prevailing thinking about appropriate procedures, but also its own goals and responsibilities and the precedents it has set for itself in past analyses. This results in variations in methods, and consequently in characterization of risks, among regulatory assessments, even when they are based on the same data. As a result, adopting existing assessments from a variety of regulatory bodies needs to be done with caution. This paper examines some of the variants in risk assessment approaches among American federal regulatory agencies and relates them to the variations in regulatory responsibilities of those groups. Comparisons to international practices are also drawn. The impact on development of world-wide risk standards is discussed.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2016

This research aims to identify important variables and their effects on diabetes prevention or progression from prediabetes to diabetic complication using system thinking. Based on the existing studies, we have constructed a causal loop diagram explaining dynamics of diabetes and have found 7 important reinforcing loops and 3 balancing loops in the causal loop diagram. The CLD displays an effect of increasing prediabetes early detection and awareness on diabetes prevention. The findings indicate that the projects in Korea for reducing incidence of diabetes and potential risk of complication have focused on variables which are related only on diabetes even though prediabetes has been a critical point on diabetes prevention and management. Thus, it also concludes that the effect of projects focusing only on diabetes have faced limitation to manage diabetes accordingly.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-201
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of individual's cultural disposition (individualism-collectivism or horizontal-vertical thinking) and need for cognitive closure(NFC) on framing effects. For this purpose, the participants were divided into 4 different cultural disposition groups based on Singelis et al.'s[1] INDCOL scale, and 2 different NFC groups based on Lee's[2] NFC Scale, and then asked to respond on 5 decision making scenarios. The results can be summarized as followings. First, participants preferred risk-avoidant option in gain frame, whereas risk-seeking option in loss frame. Second, there are no difference of cultural disposition on framing effects, but high NFC group showed larger framing effects than low NFC group in loss frame. Third, collectivism and vertical thinking in high NFC condition showed larger framing effects than low NFC condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.249-266
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• 1996

AIDS and the spectrum of Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) infections present a monumental challenge to the health of the Korean public. In response to this special challenge, I think public education and voluntary behavior changes are the most effective measures to fight the spread of the disease. Adolescents represent a critical risk group for prevention and intervention programming. Research indicates sexually active adolescents, homosexual contact, illicit drug use are an gradually increasing. These characteristically adolescent risk-taking behaviors suggest the need for schools and communities to mobilize intervention strategies. Schools are highly efficient ways to reach a majority of young people in Korea with HIV prevention programs. These programs include substantial attention to sexual and drug use behaviors with the long term objective of a multidimensional school health program. Information resulting from risk behavior surveillance activities and guidance on school health curricula is particularly useful. What is needed for adolescents is a revamping of education to give students the critical thinking and analytic skills that allow them to apply knowledge, make decisions, and think independently. The best HIV preventive education provides young people with opportunities to learn and practice just those skills. In the early stages of HIV education were focused solely on information. Providing information is easy but unfortunately, behavior change is not that simple to activate. Information must be combined with values exploration and skilly building, including responsible decision making, negotiation, refusal, and critical thinking skills. The same knowledge, attitudes and skills needed for effective HIV prevention also prevent or reduce other risks, including other sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, and alcohol or other drug use. The role of other youth serving organizations in HIV prevention is also important: parental and youth involvement is needed; it's important to presidential and governament leadership is essential to prevention education; promote integrated adolescent programs, to enhance health and education sector collaboration; and of course, we need to expand research on adolescent health and engage the media in health promotion. Among these changes, a school-based systematic health education of AIDS is certainly one of the essentials.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.70-80
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• 2018

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published ISO 9001 Quality Management System (QMS)-Requirements in 1987 and has revised four times since then. ISO 9001:2015 is the latest edition. This latest edition has two most noticeable changes. The first major change of new edition focuses on performance with an emphasis on Risk-Based Thinking (RBT) to enhance the process approach. The new edition consists of ten clauses whose first three clauses are largely same as older edition but risks are clearly stated and stressed in last seven clauses, emphasizing on Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle at all levels in the organization. The second major change is that the new edition has the same overall structure as other ISO management system standards known as High Level Structure (HLS) with Annex SL. The companies obtained the certificate of new ISO 9001:2015 QMS by September 15, 2018 in order to maintain as an ISO QMS registered firm. In this article we collected transition audit data from more than 100 companies that registered ISO 9001:2015 QMS for recent three years. We performed a statistical analysis to disclose the relationships between the characteristics of companies and the minor nonconformities found in ISO 9001:2015 requirements during transition audit processes. We also aim to interpret the findings and deduce the implications of the statistical results.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.127-133
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to investigate the association between MBTI personality types of potential investors and their cognitive behavioral investment disposition. Three questionnaires related with MBTI, cognitive investment disposition, and behavioral one from 400 subjects were collected and analyzed. Based on both cognitive and behavioral investment disposition scores, potential investors having E(Extroversion), S(Sensing), and F(Feeling) types tend to put up with the risk resulting from their investment better than ones who having I(Introversion), N(Intuition), and T(Thinking) types. However, the difference between J(Judging) and P(Perceiving) types was not significant. Also investor group with ENF combination had the most aggressive investment disposition among other groups. On the contrary the group with ISF had an tendency to avoid the investment risk. In addition the correlation between cognitive and behavioral investment dispositions was 0.86. This study is expected to be used as basic data with which investment companies and banks recommend adequate financial instruments to consumers.