• 인지과학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.205-224
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• 2012

낮은 확률이지만 손실이 큰 위험한 사건에 대비해서 보험을 들려는 사람들은 확률의 차이에 어떻게 반응할까? 본 연구는 네 개의 실험에서 가상적인 화학 공장에서 발생할 위험한 사고의 확률을 직접 제시하거나 보험료, 보험금, 그리고 배율 보험금과 같은 간접적인 단서 정보를 제시하고 참여자의 위험 평정과 보험 구매 의사를 물었다. 참여자들은 보험료나 보험금보다는 배율 보험금으로 제시된 조건들에서 위험 사고의 확률 차이에 예민하게 반응하여 위험 지각을 평정하였다. 네 실험은 수렴해서 위험지각에 영향을 주는 직접 확률 정보에 대한 생태학적 타당도가 높은 단서가 배율 보험금임을 밝혔다. 본 연구의 결과는 위험의 지각에서 확률보다 빈도 정보를 강조하는 생태학적 단서 가설(Gigerenzer, 2000)의 예측과 일치한다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to estimate the prevalence of dementia in order to estimate the associations of dementia with its risk factors in the community elderly. Methods: The multistage random cluster sampling method was used to select the subjects. The response rate was 94.3%. For the 1st stage screening survey, the Korean-version Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and the Bathel Index of activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were used as primary screening tools. At the 2nd stage. diagnoses were confirmed according to the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CBR) and Computer Tomogram (CT). Results: Age-sex adjusted prevalence (%) [95% CI] of dementia was 6.25% [4.47-7.83] (male 4.21% [2.40-6.02]; female 8.28% [5.71-10.85]). Four statistically significant risk factors of the dementia were identified: age 70-74 (OR=1.367), age 75-79 (OR=1.712), age 80-84 (OR=2.465), age 85 over (OR=7.363) illiteracy (OR=3.827); unconsciousness after head injury (OR=3.383), and no exercise (OR=2.188). Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit index of dementia risk model was E (legit of dementia)= -4.337+$0.312^*Age(70{\sim}74)+0.538^*Age(75{\sim}79)+0.902^*Age(80{\sim}84)+1.996^*Age$(85over)+$1.342^*$Illiteracy+$1.219^*$Unconsciousness after head trauma+$0.783^*$No exercise. We confirmed that the overall prevalence of dementia in adults aged 65 and older was 94.3%. The risk factors of dementia were explained by age, illiteracy unconsciousness after head trauma and no exercise. Conclusion: These data have been used to estimate the incidence of dementia in elderly community population and to manage the possible role of risk factors as predictors of dementia.

• 지질공학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.289-302
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• 2019

최근 굴착현장 인근의 지반함몰 발생사례가 증가함에 따라 사전에 지반함몰 가능성을 예측할 수 있는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 연구에 의해 개발된 굴착 전 지반함몰 위험등급 평가 시트인 GSRp를 실제 굴착 현장에 적용하여 현장 적용성을 검증하였다. 각각 다른 지반조건을 가진 5개 굴착현장에 대하여 지반함몰 위험등급을 평가한 결과, GSRp 점수는 40~79점으로 산출되어 대부분 II등급(우수지반)~III등급(양호지반)으로 분류되었다. 평가방법의 신뢰성 검증을 위하여 계측결과에 의해 실측된 수평변위량과 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구현장의 수평변위량은 허용치의 25~47%로 나타나 지반함몰 위험이 낮게 평가된 GSRp 결과와 일치하였다. 향후 지반함몰 위험성이 높은 불량한 지반을 대상으로 하는 현장 적용에 대한 연구가 진행되어 검증과 보완이 이루어진다면 GSRp 평가방법이 굴착 전 지반함몰 위험도를 예측하는 평가 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study was to find associations between specific symptoms and suicidal behavior by using global severity on depression scales. Methods : Data were obtained from 1,183 patients of CRESCEND study. Factor analysis of the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to compare symptom clusters between the past suicide attempters and the non-suicide attempters, among the patients with depressive disorders. Results : Factor analyses of HAM-D and BDI-II extracted three factors. Suicide attempters had significantly higher scores on core factor of HAM-D, including depressed mood, feeling of guilt, suicide, work, and activities. The higher scores on all factors of BDI-II or scores correlated with a total of 7 suicide attempts and with known risk factors for suicidal behavior. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the suicide attempters complained of more cognitive, affective, somatic symptoms on BDI-II, but the core factor on HAM-D was the only differentiated factor between the two groups. Clinician-rated scales as well as self-reported questionnaires were valid in measuring suicidal attempts, and the clinical profile may help in guiding the studies of biological correlates and the treatments to reduce suicide risk.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.987-998
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• 2016

자동차 보험은 치열한 시장경쟁과 금융당국의 요율 규제로 가격 조정에 합리적인 적용 방식이 요구되는 대표적인 보험상품이다. 특히 고령화 사회로 인한 인구변화와 가격경쟁으로 인한 요율 세분화는 보험료 결정에 주요한 요인으로 작용하게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 여러 가지 요율 요소 중 연령에 대한 분포 추정을 통해 가격 최적화 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 미래 분포를 추정하는 방식으로 고객의 연령이동, 신규유입, 고객이탈 3가지 요인에 대한 최적화 방안을 적용함으로써 합리적인 연령 분포를 추정하여 가격 조정 과정에 반영하고자 한다. 기존 연령 분포를 적용한 보험료와 미래 연령 분포를 추정하여 적용한 보험료를 수지 불균등 원칙에 적용하여 위험도 추정에 대한 적정성을 비교 분석하는 것이 목적이다. 보험료 인상 또는 인하 문제와는 별개로 인구변화에 대한 적정 분포를 추정함으로써 가입자의 분포 변화로 인한 결손 또는 초과 이득이 발생하지 않는 적정 보험료 추정 방식을 제안하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2016

Purpose: Physical therapists are likely to be exposed to work-related musculoskeletal pain due to excessive repetitive tasks. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between work-related musculoskeletal pain and quality of life of physical therapists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaires was sent to 200 physical therapists at in Seoul and Kyoungido. The questionnaires was returned by 170 physical therapists. The questionnaire had included 4 items that coveringed demographic information, areas of musculoskeletal problems, pain rating scale, and WHOQOL-BREF. The analysis was completed using descriptive statistics, and differences between pain and demographic variables were identified using the chi-square test. The relationship between work-related musculoskeletal pain and quality of life was analyzed by t-test and Pearson's correlation. Results: The overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal pain was 76.8%. The most affected pain sites included the low back (48.8%), shoulder (45.,2%), hand and wrist (43.5%), and neck (33.3%). Pain ratings of subjects with pain was were moderate. There was a A significant difference for the subdomains of quality of life was observed between the subjects with musculoskeletal pain and those without pain. Weak negative correlations (r=-0.28) were observed between pain rating scale and QOL. Conclusion: These findings show that physical therapists appear to be at a higher risk for work-related musculoskeletal pain and physical domain of QOL. Therefore, Ffurther research is needed to investigate examine the effect of risk factors and ergonomics as physical load, general health status on prevalence of musculoskeletal pain.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined factors associated with the hospitalization of patients who visited the emergency department (ED) after deliberate self-poisoning. Methods: The medical records of the patients, who visited the ED at a tertiary teaching hospital after deliberate self-poisoning between March 2017 and December 2019, were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Fifty-seven in the hospitalization and 236 in the discharge group patients were included. The mean age in the hospitalization and discharge group was 48.8±20.4 and 41.8±19.1, respectively (p=0.020). Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in age (p=0.020), mental status (p<0.001), request for help (p=0.046), chronic disease (p=0.036), substance ingested (p<0.001), and risk rescue-rating scale (p<0.001) between the two groups (hospitalization group and discharge group). In multiple logistic regression analysis for predicting the hospitalization of patients after deliberate self-poisoning, the Risk-Rescue Rating Scale (RRRS) was identified (OR=1.493, 95% confidential interval=1.330-1.675, p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristics analysis of RRRS for the decision to hospitalize showed a cut-off value of 38.9, with a sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 96.4%, 77.0%, and 0.949, respectively. Conclusion: The RRRS can be used to determine the hospitalization for patients who visited the ED after deliberate self-poisoning. Nevertheless, multicenter prospective studies will be needed to determine the generalisability of these results.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2021

Objectives: Deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) is the most common suicide method and can be life-threatening. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to the lethality of DSP and the characteristics of the adolescent group. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who had visited an academic hospital's regional emergency medical center between 2015 and 2018. The data reviewed through their medical records included sociodemographic factors, clinical variables, and psychiatric treatment. Four groups (Q1-Q4) were categorized by descriptive analysis using the risk-rescue rating scale. Results: A total of 491 patients were enrolled in this study. This study showed that high lethality had statistically significant associations with male sex, older age, admitting suicidal intentions, and the use of herbicides for suicide. Logistic regression analyses showed a significant association between high-lethality and female [odds ratio (OR)=0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.30-0.81, p=0.01], non-psychiatric drugs (over-the-counter drug: OR=2.49, 95% CI=1.08-5.74, p=0.03; herbicide: OR=8.65, 95% CI=3.91-19.13, p<0.01), and denial of suicide intent (OR=0.28, 95% CI=0.15-0.55, p<0.01). Conclusion: This study showed the clinical factors associated with the high lethality of DSP and suggested that efforts were needed to care for and thoroughly examine patients with DSP.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2014

Objective : Postoperative delirium is a common complication in the elderly after surgery but few papers have reported after spinal surgery. We analyzed various risk factors for postoperative delirium after spine surgery. Methods : Between May 2012 and September 2013, 70 patients over 60 years of age were examined. The patients were divided into two groups : Group A with delirium and Group B without delirium. Cognitive function was examined with the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Information was also obtained on the patients' education level, underlying diseases, duration of hospital stay and laboratory findings. Intraoperative assessment included Bispectral index (BIS), type of surgery or anesthesia, blood pressure, fluid balance, estimated blood loss and duration of surgery. Results : Postoperative delirium developed in 17 patients. The preoperative scores for the MMSE, CDR, and GDS in Group A were $19.1{\pm}5.4$, $0.9{\pm}0.6$, and $3.3{\pm}1.1$. These were significantly lower than those of Group B ($25.6{\pm}3.4$, $0.5{\pm}0.2$, and $2.1{\pm}0.7$) (p<0.05). BIS was lower in Group A ($30.2{\pm}6.8$ compared to $35.4{\pm}5.6$ in group B) (p<0.05). The number of BIS <40 were $5.1{\pm}3.1$ times in Group A, $2.5{\pm}2.2$ times in Group B (p<0.01). In addition, longer operation time and longer hospital stay were risk factors. Conclusion : Precise analysis of risk factors for postoperative delirium seems to be more important in spinal surgery because the surgery is not usually expected to have an effect on brain function. Although no risk factors specific to spinal surgery were identified, the BIS may represent a valuable new intraoperative predictor of the risk of delirium.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 개발도상국 민자발전사업의 개발단계에서 발생할 수 있는 리스크를 사업소재국, 사업주 및 시장으로 분류하여 해당 항목별 주요 리스크를 조사하고, 근래 한전 및 발전회사가 수행한 대표적인 3개 사업에 적용하여 구체적인 경감방안을 도출하고자 하였다. 개발도상국에서 민자발전사업 추진 시 전력구매처로서 신용이 부족하여 수출신용기관과 국제개발금융기구의 사업 참여가 어려운 경우, 국가신용이 양호한 주변국으로 전력판매처를 다변화하여 시장 리스크를 경감시키는 동시에 사업소재국 리스크를 경감시켜야 하며 20~30년에 걸쳐 장기간 운영해야 하는 화력발전사업의 경우 운영기간이 경과할수록 열효율도 저하되는 것을 감안하여, 설비운영 경과에 따른 성능저하 영향을 충분히 반영하여 기대수익을 보존하고 우리 기업의 손실을 최소화해야 한다.