• 무역상무연구
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• 제52권
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• pp.25-44
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• 2011

Possibility of credit risk, foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk of exporter increases in the recent international Commercial transactions, due to financial crisis of Europe and liberalization of Middle East. Under this circumstance, Forfaiting is trade finance that forfaiter purchase negotiable debt instrument without recourse from exporter, which occurred related with international commercial transactions, and credit risk, contingency risk, foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk of exporter can be transferred to forfaiter. Forfaiting is typically medium-term finance(three to five years) concluded at fixed interest rate, although it can also arranged on a floating interest-bearing basis for periods from six months to ten years or more. But Forfaiting service of Korea has limitation as follows. First, forfaiting in Korea deals with unrestricted irrevocable documentary credit as debt instruments. Period that forfaiting is provided is short and amount of money is limited, compared with advanced forfaiting. But forfaiting provided in advanced countries deals with various methods such as guarantee for bill, payment guarantee, and can be resold in financial market. Recently importance of forfaiting is increasing in international commercial transactions. Therefore profound study on forfaiting is required. The study will examine the risk that happens to the concerned parties in forfaiting, and its management measures. The study adopted literature review method such as local and foreign books and papers about trade finance, internet information about forfaiting, and professional journal related with international finance.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2002년도 학술.기술논문발표회
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• pp.117-121
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to Identification the Risk of construction method to protect and reduce the risk of construction period. For this study we are using the pre and during construction period Inspection list. The inspection list was used by construction company for check a flaw of Construction field. So we rearrange the individual item of inspection list to match the Risk factor. This inspection list usually has the difference of importance because this list is not made by Method which is not focused on Method. Therefore, To find the difference of these importance, We surveyed this matter by doing interview of specialist group. To find the application of field and the possibility of measurement of Risk status, We tested Risk occurring frequency and it's strength by checking the level of Risk. The results of this study were as follows; Each Method Check List made out through the rearrangement of Construction Inspection list which used in construction company. To solve and compensate the matter which happened by changing the each Method Check List to each General Inspection List, we added the each Method Check List by checking the importance of check list of each process. By doing this, The Check List for finding Risk level of Method was created by using the check list of each Method.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to Identification the Risk of construction method to protect and reduce the risk of construction period. For this study we are using the pre and during construction period Inspection list. The inspection list was used by construction company for check a flaw of Construction field. So we rearrange the individual item of inspection list to match the Risk factor. This inspection list usually has the difference of importance because this list is not made by Method which is not focused on Method. Therefore, To find the difference of these importance, We surveyed this matter by doing interview of specialist group. To find the application of field and the possibility of measurement of Risk status, We tested Risk occurring frequency and it's strength by checking the level of Risk. The results of this study were as follows; Each Method Check List made out through the rearrangement of Construction Inspection list which used in construction company. To solve and compensate the matter which happened by changing the each Method Check List to each General Inspection List, we added the each Method Check List by checking the importance of check list of each process. By doing this, The Check List for finding Risk level of Method was created by using the check list of each Method.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.147-155
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• 1986

Nations, especially developing countries, hope to license the technology developed at the expense of government Research and Development (R&D) investment to the corresponding firms for commercial exploitation. Since commercial process is owing to lots of risk, firms have to grope the possibility of forming a partnership in order to reduce the risk. Therefore, a joint venture between firms would be needed to share the risk. This methodology suggests a way that probabilistic information of commercial project payoffs can be obtained using experts in project evaluation committee and the ratio of individual firm's investment size can be derived using risk sharing concept. Also simple examples are given.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2006

Objectives : To express an opinion on the controversy about the cold exposure as one of the risk factors of Bell's palsy. Results & Conclusions : It is widely assumed that there is a causal relationship between Bell's palsy and herpes family virus. Regarding cold exposure as one of the risk factors of Bell's palsy, however, some physicians do not accept that cold exposure could be one of the risk factors of Bell's palsy. There is no evidence supporting the hypothesis that the virus causes Bell's palsy, and it has yet to be confirmed. As there are some experimental and clinical reports suggesting that Bell‘s palsy is related to the cold exposure, we cannot exclude the possibility that the cold exposure may be one of the important risk factors of Bell's palsy. It would be necessary to undertake further studies to determine this.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.835-843
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• 2017

The Technology Readiness Assessment(TRA) has the advantage of identifying immature technologies in promoting weapon system research and development project. However, a more diverse set of information is required for the determination of phase shift and technical risk management for weapons system R&D projects. In this paper, we investigate the various indexes the various indexes proposed to overcome the limitations of the Technology Readiness Level(TRL) and analyze the possibility of applying to the actual weapons system R&D projects. Based on the analysis, it was possible to provide additional information that could not be presented in TRA using technical risk indexes other than TRL, confirming that it could be used for technical risk management for weapons system R&D projects.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

본 연구는 제4기 국민건강영양조사 자료(2007~2009)를 바탕으로 12세 아동 중 치아우식증 고위험군을 확인하고, 치아우식증 고위험군과 저위험군으로 분류하여 인구 사회과학적 특성과, 구강건강에 대한 인식 및 행태에 대한 자료를 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 12세 아동 중 치아우식증 저위험군의 DMFT index는 0.89, 고위험군의 SiC index는 6.04로 6배 정도 높게 나타났으며, 이는 치아우식증 비교지표인 DMFT가 정규분포하지않고 심하게 치우쳐 있다는 결과였다. 2. 성별 분석에서는 여성이 남성에 비해 치아우식증 고위험군에 포함된 확률이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 3. 12세 아동이 스스로 구강건강에 대해 건강하지 못하다고 생각할수록 치아우식증 고위험군에 포함될 확률이 높아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 4. 칫솔질 횟수에 따라 살펴봤을 때는 칫솟질이 불규칙할 경우가 1일 3회 이상 규칙적으로 시행하는 경우보다 고위험군에 포함될 확률이 적은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 이상의 연구결과를 통해 12세 아동의 치아우식증 고위험집단에 영향을 미치는 위험요인들을 파악할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 보다 효과적인 구강보건 예방전략을 수립하는 기틀을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.129-141
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• 1987

The possibility of human error in operation of nuclear power plant has been proved to be one of the most important factors for safety analysis. This study established the HRA methodology according to THERP steps for performing PRA(probabilistic risk assessment) of nuclear power plants and made two sample calculations : Availibility of auxiliary diesel generator, possibility of Davis-Bess #1 accident in 1985.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.541-551
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• 2020

Based on the trend, there have been numerous researches analysing the ship collision risk. However, in this scope, the navigational conditions and external environment are ignored or incompletely considered in training or/and real situation. It has been identified as a significant limitation in the navigational collision risk assessment. Therefore, a novel algorithm of the ship navigational collision risk solving system has been proposed based on basic collision risk and vulnerabilities of marine accidents. The vulnerability can increase the possibility of marine collision accidents. The factors of vulnerabilities including bad weather, tidal currents, accidents prone area, traffic congestion, operator fatigue and fishing boat operating area are involved in the fuzzy reasoning engines to evaluate the navigational conditions and environment. Fuzzy logic is employed to reason basic collision risk using Distance to Closest Point of Approach (DCPA) and Time of Closest Point of Approach (TCPA) and the degree of vulnerability in the specific coastal waterways. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to obtain the integration of vulnerabilities. In this paper, vulnerability factors have been proposed to improve the collision risk assessment especially for non-SOLAS ships such as coastal operating ships and fishing vessels in practice. Simulation is implemented to validate the practicability of the designed navigational collision risk solving system.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.77-105
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• 2010

이 글은 지하철 위험의 해결책으로 제시된 스크린도어를 대상으로 "기술적 해결"(technological fix)의 가능성과 한계를 검토하고 있다. 지하철 위험은 그 유형에 따라 모두 다섯 종류―"전철운행 사고", "역사 내 사고", "승강장 사고", "지하의 공간적 위험", "범죄 및 테러의 위험"―로 분류할 수 있는데, 가장 중요한 것은 궤도와 역사의 접촉면에 위치한 승강장에서 발생하는 승강장 사고이다. 스크린도어는 승강장 사고를 예방할 수 있는 효과적인 기술적 수단으로 여겨진다. 여기에는 사고를 기술적 수단을 통해 해결하려는 기술적 해결의 이데올로기가 강하게 작용한다. 신설되는 역이 아니라 기존 역의 승강장에 스크린도어를 설치하는 것이 세계적으로 유래를 찾기 힘든 경우라는 사실이 이를 잘 보여준다. 스크린도어는 현실적 수단으로서 가시적 효과를 낳았지만 예상치 못한 비가시적 위험을 가중시킨 측면도 없지 않다. 승강장 내부, 특히 출퇴근 환승역 승강장에서 화재가 발생했을 때, 스크린도어는 승객의 탈출로를 차단하는 "통곡의 벽"으로 돌변할 수 있다. 기술적 해결에 대한 지나친 기대와 의존은 금물이며, 그 한계에 대한 성찰이 요구되는 이유이다.