• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.471-477
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• 2007

Purpose: Hydrofluoric acid(HF) is one of the most dangerous mineral acids with dissociated fluoride ions. As hydrofluoric acid is present in various household products(such as rust removers), a large population of industrials is at the risk of HF exposure. It is a very strong organic acid, used widely in glass etching, metal washing, and in the semiconductor industry. Even when using adequate safety measures, lack of care on the user's part results in chemical burn by HF. Symptoms caused by HF-induced chemical burns shows delayed manifestations resulting in a loss of proper treatment opportunities. We therefore reviewed 20 cases of HF-induced chemical burns and treatment principle. Methods: The objects of this study were 19 male patients and 1 female treated from March 2004 to March 2006. There were 19 cases of injury on digits and 1 on the wrist area. There were 15 cases of immediate treatment after sustaining HF-induced burns, and 5 cases of delayed treatment. As a principle, in the emergency treatment, partial or complete removal of the nail along with copious washing with normal saline was done, depending on the degree of HF invasion of the distal digital extremities. Results: The 15 cases who came to the hospital immediately after the injury were healed completely without sequelae, and those who delayed their treatment needed secondary surgical measures, due to the severity of inflammation and necrosis of the digital tissues. Conclusion: As the industrial sector develops, the use of HF is increasing more and more, leading to increase in incidences of HF-induced chemical burns. When treating chemical burns caused by HF, washing by copious amounts of normal saline, along with early removal of the nails, rather than calcium gluconate, seems to be a available method for preserving the shape and function of the digits and the nail. The education of patients regarding this subject should be empathized accordingly.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2006

폐에 체동맥이 분포하는 선천성 기형은 드문 질환으로 하폐엽의 기저분절에 폐동맥 대신 대동맥에서 1개 이상의 체동맥이 나오는데 정상적인 기관지와 연결 유무에 따라 폐 분획증과 좌측 폐동맥 이상 기시증(Anomalous Origin of Left Pulmonary Artery, AOLPA)으로 구분된다. 한일병원 흉부외과에서는 하행 흉부 대동맥에서 시작되는 비정상적인 체동맥을 가진 두 예의 폐동맥 기형을 경험하고, 1예는 기저분절절제술을, 다른 예는 동맥색전술을 시행하였고, 2년간 관찰한 결과 양호하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 외과적 수술이 이 기형의 근본적인 치료법이지만, 전신상태가 불량하거나 폐기능이 저하된 고위험군에서 동맥색전술도 선택적으로 시행할 수 있는 가능한 치료법으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2016

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a well-recognized congenital heart disease. Despite improvements in the outcomes of surgical repair, the optimal timing of surgery and type of surgical management of patients with TOF remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes following the repair of TOF in infants depending on the surgical procedure used. Methods: This study involved the retrospective review of 120 patients who underwent TOF repair between 2010 and 2013. Patients were divided into three groups depending on the surgical procedure that they underwent. Corrective surgery was done via the transventricular approach (n=40), the transatrial approach (n=40), or a combined atrioventricular approach (n=40). Demographic data and the outcomes of the surgical procedures were compared among the groups. Results: In the atrioventricular group, the incidence of the following complications was found to be significantly lower than in the other groups: complete heart block (p=0.034), right ventricular failure (p=0.027) and mediastinal bleeding (p=0.007). Patients in the atrioventricular group had a better postoperative right ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed among the three surgical groups in the occurrence of tachycardia, renal failure, and tricuspid incompetence. The one-year survival rates in the three groups were 95%, 90%, and 97.5%, respectively (p=0.395). Conclusion: Combined atrioventricular repair of TOF in infancy can be safely performed, with acceptable surgical risk, a low incidence of reoperation, good ventricular function outcomes, and an excellent survival rate.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 기존 연구에서 도출된 프로그램 사용의 어려움이나 많은 매개변수 산정 및 적용 문제, 복잡한 전처리과정 등의 어려움이나 문제점을 좀 더 단순화하고 정밀도가 높은 범람해석 및 홍수범람도 작성 방법을 제시하여 위험요소를 줄이고 개선시킬 수 있는 기법을 제시하고자 하였다. 대상 하천으로는 안성천 유역을 선정하였으며 월류 및 제방 붕괴만을 고려하기 위하여 계획빈도를 초과하는 이상홍수개념으로 홍수범람 시나리오를 작성하여 범람모의를 실시하였다. 범람모의를 위한 모형 적용은 1차원 수치모형인 HEC-RAS의 Storage 기능을 이용하여 월류 및 제방 붕괴에 대한 분석을 실시하였으며, 일반적으로 사용되는 Area-Time-Depth 방법보다는 좀 더 정확한 범람모의를 위해 Elevation versus Volume Curve를 적용하였다. Arcview 3.2a의 Query기법과 SURFER의 Mathematical 기법을 이용하여 작성한 침수면적의 차이가 크지 않아 전처리과정이 복잡한 Arcview 3.2a보다 비교적 작성방법이 간단하고 정밀도가 높은 홍수범람도를 작성할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.56-69
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review the current research trend on the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for pancreatitis. Methods : Through nine search engines, articles were collected, which had involved the use of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for pancreatitis. Data were extracted from the selected articles regarding the year, country, type of pancreatitis, study design, evaluation variable, intervention, point for acupuncture and moxibustion, and effectiveness of treatment. Results : Total 56 articles were reviewed. The number of studies increased gradually every ten years. Fifty-one studies(91%) were conducted in China. Most of clinical studies and animal experimentations reported on acute pancreatitis. Thirty-nine studies were randomized controlled trials(RCTs), but most of them were assessed as uncertain in the risk of bias evaluation. The degree of overall improvement(79%) was used mainly as evaluation variable of clinical studies. In animal experimentations, the examination of pancreatitis tissue(77%) and blood test(77%) were used the most. Most of studies were conducted with the acupuncture, one with moxibustion. Among them, electroacupuncture was the most common intervention of treatment group. ST36 was the most frequently used acupuncture point in the included studies. Effective rate increased and serum amylase, clinical symptoms, recovery time of gastrointestinal function decreased statistically significantly in the treatment group of clinical studies. Conclusions : The result of this study could be used for the future practice and research about the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for pancreatitis.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyse brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) wave change data during microvascular decompression (MVD). The nerve function of Cranial Nerve VIII is at risk during MVD. Intraoperative monitoring of BAEP can be a useful tool to decrease the danger of hearing loss. Between January and December 2009, 242 patients had MVD for hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Among intraoperative BAEP changes, amplitude of V-V' was the most frequently observed during cerebellar retraction and decompression step of the MVD procedure. 138 patients (57%) had no BAEP change while 104 patients (42.98%) had BAEP change. 69 patients (28.5%) had Type A-I, 16 patients (6.6%) had Type A-II, 5 patients (2.1%) had Type B, and 13 patients (5.37%) had Type C. MVD is a surgical procedure to relieve the symptoms (e.g. pain, muscle twitching) caused by compression of a nerve by an artery or vein. During BAEP intraoperative monitoring, the surgical step is important in interpreting the changes of wave V. Several potential mechanisms of injury may affect the cochlear nerve, and complete loss of BAEP is often associated with postoperative hearing loss. Intraoperative BAEP monitoring may provide an early warning of hearing disturbance after MVD.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권50호
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• pp.320.1-320.8
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• 2018

Background: Muscle mass and muscle function are related to depressed mood in studies of adults. Like adults, Korean students are highly likely to suffer from decreased muscle mass due to social conditions. In this study, we evaluated the muscle mass status of Korean adolescents and assess the effect of muscle on depressive mood. Methods: A total of 1,233 adolescent boys and girls participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were enrolled in our study. Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessment of appendicular muscle mass and completed questionnaires regarding depressed mood, stress, suicidal ideations, and attempts. Results: There was no difference in depressive mood according to muscle mass among boys (P = 0.634); girls with decreased muscle mass had a greater tendency for depressed mood compared to girls with optimal muscle mass (P = 0.023). After adjusting for age, waist circumference-to-height ratio, smoking status, alcohol consumption, frequency of physical activity, self-reported obesity, weight-loss efforts, and monthly household income, girls with low muscle mass (LMM) were 2.60 times more at risk of developing depression than girls with normal muscle mass (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-6.49; P = 0.040). This trend was similar for girls with LMM with obesity (95% CI, 1.00-11.97; P = 0.049). Conclusion: Adolescent girls who have insufficient muscle mass are more likely to report depressed mood than girls who have ideal muscle mass. Interventions for maintaining proper muscle mass are required.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.233-261
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 국내 성인의 자아존중감과 우울의 인과관계를 살펴보는데 목적을 두고, 한국복지패널 1~4차 데이터를 활용하여 인과관계를 설명할 수 있는 인지취약모델과 상처모델을 검증하였다. 또한 우울과 자아존중감의 변화궤적에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적 변인을 파악함으로써 우울과 자아존중감 손상에 취약한 인구집단을 밝히고자 하였다. 분석결과 우울의 초기값이 자아존중감 변화율에 미치는 영향과 자아존중감 초기값이 우울 수준 변화율에 미치는 영향이 모두 유의하게 나타나 외국 연구와는 달리 국내 성인집단에서는 인지취약모델과 상처모델이 모두 지지되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 이 상호관계는 인구사회학적 요인을 통제한 상태에서도 지지되었으며, 우울의 변화궤적과 자아존중감의 변화궤적 모두에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 교육수준, 빈곤여부, 만성질환 여부 및 사회적 관계 만족도로 나타났다. 본 연구는 아직까지 연구되지 않은 성인기 집단의 우울과 자아존중감 관계의 매커니즘을 밝혔다는데 의의가 있으며, 논의를 통해 우울 예방 및 치료에 대한 실천적 함의를 제안하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.358-367
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to review model algorithms and input parameters applied to some exposure models and to compare the simulated estimates using an exposure scenario from each model. Methods: A total of five exposure models which can estimate inhalation exposure were selected; the Korea Ministry of Environment(KMOE) exposure model, European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals Targeted Risk Assessment(ECETOC TRA), SprayExpo, and ConsExpo model. Algorithms and input parameters for exposure estimation were reviewed and the exposure scenario was used for comparing the modeled estimates. Results: Algorithms in each model commonly consist of the function combining physicochemical properties, use characteristics, user exposure factors, and environmental factors. The outputs including air concentration ($mg/m^3$) and inhaled dose(mg/kg/day) are estimated applying input parameters with the common factors to the algorithm. In particular, the input parameters needed to estimate are complicated among the models and models need more individual input parameters in addition to common factors. In case of CEM, it can be obtained more detailed exposure estimates separating user's breathing zone(near-field) and those at influencing zone(far-field) by two-box model. The modeled exposure estimates using the exposure scenario were similar between the models; they were ranged from 0.82 to $1.38mg/m^3$ for concentration and from 0.015 to 0.180 mg/kg/day for inhaled dose, respectively. Conclusions: Modeling technique can be used for a useful tool in the process of exposure assessment if the exposure data are scarce, but it is necessary to consider proper input parameters and exposure scenario which can affect the real exposure conditions.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.536-544
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• 2019

Purpose: Proper nutrition is essential for brain development during infancy, contributing to the continued development of cognitive, motor, and socio-emotional skills throughout life. Considering the insufficient published data in the Middle East and North Africa, experts drafted a questionnaire to assess the opinions and knowledge of physicians on the impact of nutrition on brain development and cognition in early life. Methods: The questionnaire consisted of two parts: The first focused on the responders' demographic and professional characteristics and the second questioned the role of nutrition in brain development and cognition. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize respondents' characteristics and their responses to questions. Results: A total of 1,500 questionnaires were distributed; 994 physicians responded. The majority of the surveyed physicians (64.4%) felt that nutrition impacts brain development in early childhood (0-4 years), with almost 90% of physicians agreeing/strongly agreeing that preventing iron, zinc, and iodine deficiency would improve global intelligence quotient. The majority of physicians (83%) agreed that head circumference was the most important measure of brain development. The majority of physicians (68.9%) responded that the period from the last trimester until 18 months postdelivery was crucial for brain growth and neurodevelopment, with 76.8% believing that infants breast-fed by vegan mothers have an increased risk of impaired brain development. Conclusion: The results of this study show that practicing physicians significantly agree that nutrition plays an important role in brain and cognitive development and function in early childhood, particularly during the last trimester until 18 months postdelivery.