• Title/Summary/Keyword: Risk function

검색결과 1,706건 처리시간 0.037초

커뮤니티케어 대상 노인의 NQ-E 지수 기반 개별영양상담 효과성: 복합만성질환과 삶의 질 개선에 관한 중재 연구 (Effectiveness of NQ-E index-based individual nutrition counseling for community-care elderly: an intervention study on improving nutritional status, complex chronic diseases, and quality of life )

  • 최윤정;이지현;임희숙;박유경
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.480-494
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: This study sought to assess the effectiveness of community-based nutrition counseling on improving nutritional status, managing complex chronic diseases, and enhancing the quality of life for elderly individuals with chronic conditions, particularly in older adults with high levels of food insecurity and multiple chronic illnesses. Methods: Thirty elderly subjects with diabetes and hypertension who were registered at local Senior Welfare Center received individualized nutrition counseling, based on their Nutrition Quotient for the Elderly (NQ-E) index. Over a 16-week period, they received tailored counseling and underwent various health and nutritional assessments. The final analysis included 28 participants after two dropped out. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS v28.0. Results: The subjects were over 70, with multiple chronic diseases including diabetes and hypertension and predominantly female. After 16 weeks, significant improvements were observed in the subjects' grip strength, and HbA1c levels, as well as in their NQ-E scores, indicating improved dietary balance and diversity. There were no significant improvements in the 'Moderation' subdomain of the NQ-E index, suggesting that this aspect requires further attention in nutritional counseling. The subjects' nutritional risk scores (NSI) were also significantly decreased, indicating less nutritional risk. Lastly, as measured by the SF-36K, the subjects' quality of life showed significant improvement in several domains including physical role performance and social function. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that tailored nutrition counseling, based on the NQ-E index, can improve elderly health, manage chronic diseases, and enhance quality of life. This approach potentially broadens the scope of community nutritionists' roles within an aging society. However, additional research is necessary to evaluate these interventions' long-term effects and sustainability.

인구구조 변동 추세를 반영한 미세먼지 노출에 의한 조기 사망자 추정 (Estimation of Premature Deaths due to Exposure to Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Reflecting Population Structure Change in South Korea)

  • 박정현;장용철;이종현
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제49권6호
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    • pp.362-371
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    • 2023
  • Background: PM2.5 pollution has been a persistent problem in South Korea, with concentrations consistently exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The aging of the population in the country further exacerbates the health impacts of PM2.5 since older adults are more susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate how the health impact (premature death) due to long-term exposure to PM2.5 in South Korea could change in the future according to the trend of change in the country's population structure. Methods: The study employs a relative risk function, which accounts for age-specific relative risks, to assess the changes in premature deaths by age and region at the average annual PM2.5 concentration for 2022 and at PM2.5 concentration improvement levels. Premature deaths were estimated using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM). Results: The findings indicate that the increase in premature deaths resulting from the projected population structure changes up to 2050 would significantly outweigh the health benefits (reduction in premature deaths) compared to 2012. This is primarily attributed to the rising number of premature deaths among the elderly due to population aging. Furthermore, the study suggests that the effectiveness of the current domestic PM2.5 standard would be halved by 2050 due to the increasing impact of population aging on PM2.5-related mortality. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of considering trends in population structure when evaluating the health benefits of air pollution reduction measures. By comparing and evaluating the health benefits in reflection of changes in population structure to the predicted PM2.5 concentration improvements at the provincial level, a more comprehensive assessment of regional air quality management strategies can be achieved.

다분류 SVM을 이용한 DEA기반 벤처기업 효율성등급 예측모형 (The Prediction of DEA based Efficiency Rating for Venture Business Using Multi-class SVM)

  • 박지영;홍태호
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.139-155
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    • 2009
  • For the last few decades, many studies have tried to explore and unveil venture companies' success factors and unique features in order to identify the sources of such companies' competitive advantages over their rivals. Such venture companies have shown tendency to give high returns for investors generally making the best use of information technology. For this reason, many venture companies are keen on attracting avid investors' attention. Investors generally make their investment decisions by carefully examining the evaluation criteria of the alternatives. To them, credit rating information provided by international rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's, Moody's and Fitch is crucial source as to such pivotal concerns as companies stability, growth, and risk status. But these types of information are generated only for the companies issuing corporate bonds, not venture companies. Therefore, this study proposes a method for evaluating venture businesses by presenting our recent empirical results using financial data of Korean venture companies listed on KOSDAQ in Korea exchange. In addition, this paper used multi-class SVM for the prediction of DEA-based efficiency rating for venture businesses, which was derived from our proposed method. Our approach sheds light on ways to locate efficient companies generating high level of profits. Above all, in determining effective ways to evaluate a venture firm's efficiency, it is important to understand the major contributing factors of such efficiency. Therefore, this paper is constructed on the basis of following two ideas to classify which companies are more efficient venture companies: i) making DEA based multi-class rating for sample companies and ii) developing multi-class SVM-based efficiency prediction model for classifying all companies. First, the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is a non-parametric multiple input-output efficiency technique that measures the relative efficiency of decision making units(DMUs) using a linear programming based model. It is non-parametric because it requires no assumption on the shape or parameters of the underlying production function. DEA has been already widely applied for evaluating the relative efficiency of DMUs. Recently, a number of DEA based studies have evaluated the efficiency of various types of companies, such as internet companies and venture companies. It has been also applied to corporate credit ratings. In this study we utilized DEA for sorting venture companies by efficiency based ratings. The Support Vector Machine(SVM), on the other hand, is a popular technique for solving data classification problems. In this paper, we employed SVM to classify the efficiency ratings in IT venture companies according to the results of DEA. The SVM method was first developed by Vapnik (1995). As one of many machine learning techniques, SVM is based on a statistical theory. Thus far, the method has shown good performances especially in generalizing capacity in classification tasks, resulting in numerous applications in many areas of business, SVM is basically the algorithm that finds the maximum margin hyperplane, which is the maximum separation between classes. According to this method, support vectors are the closest to the maximum margin hyperplane. If it is impossible to classify, we can use the kernel function. In the case of nonlinear class boundaries, we can transform the inputs into a high-dimensional feature space, This is the original input space and is mapped into a high-dimensional dot-product space. Many studies applied SVM to the prediction of bankruptcy, the forecast a financial time series, and the problem of estimating credit rating, In this study we employed SVM for developing data mining-based efficiency prediction model. We used the Gaussian radial function as a kernel function of SVM. In multi-class SVM, we adopted one-against-one approach between binary classification method and two all-together methods, proposed by Weston and Watkins(1999) and Crammer and Singer(2000), respectively. In this research, we used corporate information of 154 companies listed on KOSDAQ market in Korea exchange. We obtained companies' financial information of 2005 from the KIS(Korea Information Service, Inc.). Using this data, we made multi-class rating with DEA efficiency and built multi-class prediction model based data mining. Among three manners of multi-classification, the hit ratio of the Weston and Watkins method is the best in the test data set. In multi classification problems as efficiency ratings of venture business, it is very useful for investors to know the class with errors, one class difference, when it is difficult to find out the accurate class in the actual market. So we presented accuracy results within 1-class errors, and the Weston and Watkins method showed 85.7% accuracy in our test samples. We conclude that the DEA based multi-class approach in venture business generates more information than the binary classification problem, notwithstanding its efficiency level. We believe this model can help investors in decision making as it provides a reliably tool to evaluate venture companies in the financial domain. For the future research, we perceive the need to enhance such areas as the variable selection process, the parameter selection of kernel function, the generalization, and the sample size of multi-class.

흡연이 운동에 미치는 단기 효과 (Immediate Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Exercise)

  • 최강현;최철준;김용태;임채만;고윤석;김우성;김원동
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제39권6호
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    • pp.511-516
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    • 1992
  • 연구배경 : 장기적 흡연이 폐암이나 만성폐쇄성폐질환등의 폐질환 및 여러 심장질환의 위험인자인 것은 잘 알려져 있으나 흡연이 단기적으로 운동시 호흡기 및 심혈관계 기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 흡연시에는 일산화탄소를 흡입하으로, 일산화탄소 흡입후 운동시에 나타나는 호흡수, 심박수, 호흡량 및 심장출량의 증가와 최대산소섭취량의 감소가 흡연후 운동시에도 관찰될 것으로 예상된다. 목적 : 흡연의 운동부하시 심폐기능에 대한 단기적 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 흡연자 13명을 대상으로 시간당 3개피를 5시간 흡연한 흡연일 및 흡연하지 않고 100% 산소를 15분간 흡입한 금연일을 무작위 순서로 정하여 두 번 단계적 운동부하 검사를 시행하였다. 결과 : 대상자 13명의 평균 연령은 $25{\pm}4.9$세, 평균 흡연력은 $6{\pm}5$ pack-years였고, 금연일과 흡연일간 일반 폐기능검사의 결과에는 차이가 없었다. 혈중 일산화 탄소혈색소량의 평균은 금연일 $1.45{\pm}0.83%$, 흡연일에 $5.97{\pm}1.34%$로서 흡연일에 유의하게 높았다(p<0.01). 무산소역치는 금연일 $1.53{\pm}0.20$ L/min, 흡연일에 $1.33{\pm}0.24$ L/min로서 흡연일에 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.05) 최대산소섭취량은 금연일 $2.39{\pm}0.32$ L/min, 흡연일에 $2.09{\pm}0.32$ L/min로서 흡연일에 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 안정시 심박수는 금연일에 분당 $75.46{\pm}5.83$회, 흡연일에 분당 $84.38{\pm}11.06$회로서 흡연일에 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.05) 최대심박수는 금연일에 $160.38{\pm}9.09$회, 흡연일에 $161.23{\pm}8.09$회로서 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 일반 폐기능검사는 양일간에 차이가 없었으나 금연일에 비해 흡연일에 무산소역치와 최대산소섭취량의 감소가 관찰되어 흡연은 단기적으로 운동부하시 심혈관계장애를 초래한다고 사료되었다.

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Inhibition of Vitamin D Receptor Translocation by Cigarette Smoking Extracts

  • Uh, Soo-Taek;Koo, So-My;Kim, Yang Ki;Kim, Ki Up;Park, Sung Woo;Jang, An Soo;Kim, Do Jin;Kim, Yong Hoon;Park, Choon Sik
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제73권5호
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    • pp.258-265
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    • 2012
  • Background: Vitamin D can translocate a vitamin D receptor (VDR) from the nucleus to the cell membranes. The meaning of this translocation is not elucidated in terms of a role in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) till now. VDR deficient mice are prone to develop emphysema, suggesting that abnormal function of VDR might influence a generation of COPD. The blood levels of vitamin D have known to be well correlated with that of lung function in patients with COPD, and smoking is the most important risk factor in development of COPD. This study was performed to investigate whether cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) can inhibit the translocation of VDR and whether mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in this inhibition. Methods: Human alveolar basal epithelial cell line (A549) was used in this study. 1,25-$(OH_2)D_3$ and/or MAPKs inhibitors and antioxidants were pre-incubated before stimulation with 10% CSE, and then nucleus and microsomal proteins were extracted for a Western blot of VDR. Results: Five minutes treatment of 1,25-(OH2)D3 induced translocation of VDR from nucleus to microsomes by a dose-dependent manner. CSE inhibited 1,25-$(OH_2)D_3$-induced translocation of VDR in both concentrations of 10% and 20%. All MAPKs inhibitors did not suppress the inhibitory effects of CSE on the 1,25-$(OH_2)D_3$-induced translocation of VDR. Quercetin suppressed the inhibitory effects of CSE on the 1,25-$(OH_2)D_3$-induced translocation of VDR, but not in n-acetylcysteine. Conclusion: CSE has an ability to inhibit vitamin D-induced VDR translocation, but MAPKs are not involved in this inhibition.

콩 Isoflavone의 생리활성 기능과 함량 변이 (Physiological Function of Isoflavones and Their Genetic and Environmental Variations in Soybean)

  • 김용호;김석동;홍은희;안완식
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제41권spc1호
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    • pp.25-45
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    • 1996
  • Soyfoods have potential roles in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, most notably cancer, osteoporosis, and heart disease. There is evidence that carcinogenesis are supressed by isolated soybean derived products in vivo such as a protease inhibitor, phytic acid, saponins and isoflavones. It is believed that supplementation of human diets with soybean products markedly reduces human cancer mortality rates. Especially, recent papers recognize the potential benefit of soybean isoflavone components for reducing the risk of various cancers. Isoflavones exhibit a multitude of medicinal effects that influence cell growth and regulation, which may have potential value in the prevention and treatment of cancer. In addition to potential biological effects, soybean isoflavones have the important physiological functions such as the induction of Bradyrizobium japonicum nod genes and the responses of soybean tissues to infection by Phytophthora megasperma as well as biochemical activities such as antifungal and antibacterial actions. Genistin, daidzin, glycitin and their aglycone (genistein, daidzein, glycitein) are the principal isoflavones found in soybean. Malonyl and acetyl forms have also been detected but they are thermally unstable and are usually transformed during the processing in glucoside form. Most soy products, with the exception of soy sauce, alcohol-extracted soy protein concentrate, and soy protein isolate, have total isoflavone concentrations similar to those in the whole soybean. Soybean-containing diets inhibit mammary tumorigenesis in animal models of breast cancer, therefore, it is possible that dietary isoflavones are an important factor accounting for the lower incidence and mortality from breast cancer. Of the total soybean seed isoflavones, $80\~90\%$ were located in cotyledons, with the remainder in the hypocotyls. The hypocotyls had a higher concentrations of isoflavones on a weight basis compared with cotyledons. Isoflavone contents were influenced by genetics, crop years, and growth locations. The effect of crop year had a greater impact on the isoflavone contents than that of location. The climate condition might be the attribution factor to variation in isoflavone contents. Also, while the isoflavone content of cotyledons exhibited large variations in response to high temperature during seed development, hypocotyls showed high concentration in isoflavone content. So, it is concluded that one of the factors affecting isoflavone content in soybean seeds is temperature during seed development. High temperature, especially in maturity stage, causes lower isoflavone content in soybean seed. It is also suggested that there may exist a different mechanism to maintain isoflavone contents between cotyledon and seed hypocotyls. In a conclusion, soy foods may be able to have a significant beneficial impact on public health.

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풍륭(風隆)·음릉천(陰陵泉)에 대한 약침(藥鍼)(창출(蒼朮), 의이인(薏苡仁))이 고지방식이(高脂肪食餌)로 유발(誘發)된 비만백서(肥滿白鼠)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of herbal acupuncture (Atratylodes japonica Koizumi and Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf) at Pungnyung(ST40) and Umnungchon(SP9) in obese Rats induced by high fat diet)

  • 주준성;윤대환;나창수;조명래;채우석
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.131-153
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    • 2004
  • Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of herbal acupuncture (Atratylodes japonica Koizumi and Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf) at Pungnyung(ST40) and Umnungchon(SP9) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, serum of lipid concentrations, liver function and HDL to total cholesterol ratio of rats fed high fat diet for 5weeks. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into normal group(Sham), high fat diet group(Control), high fat diet and Atractylodes japonica-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 treated group (AJ), high fat diet and Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 treated group(CL), high fat diet and Atractylodes japonica+Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 treated group(AJ+CL). Herbal acupuncture was bilaterally treated at the level of 132.5mg/kg body weight per day. Results : Body weight and food efficiency were decreased in AJ, AJ+CL. Feed intake was decreased in AJ, CL. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol was increased in AJ, CL. The level of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid were not significant. The level of serum triglyceride, free fatty acid were increased in AJ. The level of serum AST was decreased in AJ, AJ+CL. The level of serum ALT was decreased in AJ, CL, AJ+CL. The level of serum ALP was decreased in AJ+CL. The HDL to Total cholesterol ratio was increased in AJ. Conclusions : Atractylodes japonica-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 can control the body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio, HDL-cholesterol and herbal acupuncture combined Atractylodes japonica with Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf is effective on Body weight, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio, protection of liver function and prevention cardiovascular risk by obesity.

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주요우울장애 환자에서의 자율신경심장기능 - Heart Rate Variability 검사를 사용하여 - (Autonomic Neurocardiac Function in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder - Using a Heart Rate Variability Test Battery -)

  • 박영수;이강준;김현;정영조
    • 수면정신생리
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.100-105
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    • 2004
  • 목 적:본 연구의 목적은 주요우울장애환자를 대상으로 Heart Rate Variability(HRV) 검사를 이용하여 비침습적으로 자율신경계의 기능, 심혈관조절체계 및 항상성을 측정하여 정상대조군과 비교해보고 생리학적, 임상적 의미를 고찰해보는 것이다. 방 법:DSM-Ⅳ의 진단기준에 의하여 주요우울장애로 진단받은 환자 30명과 정상대조군 30명을 대상으로 하였다. 검사는 SA-2000E 기기를 사용하여 HRV parameter를 측정한 후 시(time) 영역과 주파수(frequency)영역별로 분석하였다. 결 과:Heart rate(HR)는 환자군에서 유의하게 증가된 소견을 나타내었으며 the standard deviation of the NN interval(SDNN), the root square of successive differences(RMSSD)도 환자군에서 유의하게 낮은 소견을 보였다. Total power(TP) band, very low frequency(VLF:$0.003{\sim}0.04\;Hz$) band, low frequency(LF:$0.04{\sim}0.15\;Hz$) band, high frequency(HF:$0.15{\sim}0.4\;Hz$) band는 환자군에서 유의하게 낮은 수치를 보였고, LF/HF의 비는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결 론:우울증 환자는 심박수의 증가와 HRV의 감소를 보였으며, 교감 신경과 미주 신경의 불균형이 높은 심혈관계 사망률과 부분적으로 연관이 있는 것 같다. 우울증 환자들은 심장에서 자율신경기능의 이상을 나타내며 이렇게 교감/부교감 신경활성 조절능력이 저하되어 균형이 깨짐으로써 높은 심혈관계 사망률을 보인다고 할 수 있다.

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농업 기상특성과 작물생산의 효율 및 안전성 (Effects of Climatic Condition on Stability and Efficiency of Crop Production)

  • 로버트 쇼
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.296-313
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    • 1982
  • At a time when world population and food supply are in a delicate balance, it is essential that we look at factors to improve this balance. We can alter the environment to better fit the plant's needs, or we can alter the plant to better fit the environment. Improved technology has allowed us to increase the yield level. For moderately detrimental weather events technology has generally decreased the yield variation, yet for major weather disasters the variation has increased. We have raised the upper level, but zero is still the bottom level. As we concentrate the production of particular crops into limited areas where the environment is closest to optimum, we may be increasing the risk of a major weather related disaster. We need to evaluate the degree of variability of different crops, and how weather and technology can interact to affect it. The natural limits of crop production are imposed by important ecological factors. Production is a function of the climate, the soil, and the crop and all activities related to them. In looking at the environment of a crop we must recognize these are individuals, populations and ecosystems. Under intensive agriculture we try to limit the competition to one desired species. The environment is made up of a complex of factors; radiation, moisture, temperature and wind, among others. Plant response to the environment is due to the interaction of all of these factors, yet in attempting to understand them we often examine each factor individually. Variation in crop yields is primarily a function of limiting environmental parameters. Various weather parameters will be discussed, with emphasis placed on how they impact on crop production. Although solar radiation is a driving force in crop production, it often shows little relationship to yield variation. Water may enter into crop production as both a limiting and excessive factor. The effects of moisture deficiency have received much more attention than moisture excess. In many areas of the world, a very significant portion of yield variation is due to variation in the moisture factor. Temperature imposes limits on where crops can be grown, and the type of crop that can be grown in an area. High temperature effects are often combined with deficient moisture effects. Cool temperatures determine the limits in which crops can be grown. Growing degree units, or heat accumulations, have often been used as a means of explaining many temperature effects. Methods for explaining chilling effects are more limited.

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조사목적별 기준에 부합하는 오염부지 조사방법의 최적화 방안에 관한 연구 (Optimization of Contaminated Land Investigation based on Different Fitness-for-Purpose Criteria)

  • Jong-Chun Lee;Michael H. Ramsey
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.191-200
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    • 2003
  • 중금속으로 오염된 폐광산 주변부나 유류누출로 인한 토양오염 등과 같은 오염토양부지에 대한 조사를 위해서는 우선 조사의 목적과 상황에 알맞은 기준을 설정하고, 이를 토대로 조사방법을 설계하여야 한다. 이러한 상황별 조사방법은 조사결과의 질적 수준 뿐만 아니라 모방결합에 영향을 미치게 되는데 그 수준을 제한하는 요인으로는 보통 총 조사비용, 관련규제법이 요구하는 조사수준, 그리고 전문적 경험에 의한 주관적 기준 등이 그 예가 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 조사 목적에 따라 달리하는 각 기준(fitness-for-purpose criteria)을 만족시키게끔 조사방법을 설계하는 예를 들어보았다. 먼저, 경제적 요소와 측정된 자료의 질적 수준을 참고하는 방법을 고안하여 보았다. 이를 위해 측정불확도(measurement uncertainty)로 평가되는 측정결과의 질적 수준이 의사결정의 오류에 영향을 미치는 확률을 확률적손실계산식을 이용하여 평가하고, 이를 이용하여 비용경제적인 측면에서 조사를 최적화하는 방안을 고안하였다. 이와 더불어 위해성 평가를 위한 부지의 평균오염도수준 산출의 예와 같이 의사결정의 오류에 의한 손실보다는 측정된 평균값의 오차와 측정에 요구되는 비용을 최소화 해야 하는 경우와, 또한 측정값에 대한 일정한 질적 수준이 요구되는 경우의 조사방법, 그리고 제한된 비용을 최대한 활용할 수 있는 시료수와 분석수의 최적비율 등을 도출하는 방법을 다루었다. 각 방법은 영국의 두 오염지역에 적용하여 그 타당성을 평가하여보았다.