• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.583-598
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• 2023

Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive impairment of cognitive and functional abilities. As currently applied treatments for dementia can only delay the progression of dementia and cannot fundamentally cure it, much attention is being paid to reducing its incidence by preventing the associated risk factors. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are well-known risk factors for dementia, and many studies have attempted to prevent dementia by treating these risk factors. Growing evidence suggests that sex-based factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the differences in the effects of drugs based on sex may help improve their effectiveness. In this study, we reviewed sex differences in the impact of therapeutics targeting risk factors for dementia, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, to prevent the incidence and/or progression of dementia.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the risk of dementia in the Korean elderly. Methods: A 10-year retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort database. We excluded those who were under 65 years of age as of January 2006 (n=46 113), those who were diagnosed with dementia between 2002 and 2005 (n=9086), and those with a history of stroke prior to AF diagnosis (n=8392). We used a Cox proportional hazards model with a time-varying covariate to determine whether AF is associated with the risk of dementia after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: In univariable Cox regression, the hazard ratio (HR) of dementia according to AF status was 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 1.33). After adjusting for potential confounders, AF was found to increase the risk of dementia (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.17), Alzheimer dementia (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.17), and vascular dementia (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.18). In patients diagnosed with AF, the incidence of dementia was lower (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.52) in patients who were treated with oral anticoagulants. Conclusions: Investigating the potential risk factors of dementia in an aged society is important. We found a slightly higher risk of dementia in those with AF than in those without AF, and we therefore concluded that AF is a potential risk factor for dementia.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to estimate the prevalence of dementia in order to estimate the associations of dementia with its risk factors in the community elderly. Methods: The multistage random cluster sampling method was used to select the subjects. The response rate was 94.3%. For the 1st stage screening survey, the Korean-version Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and the Bathel Index of activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were used as primary screening tools. At the 2nd stage. diagnoses were confirmed according to the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CBR) and Computer Tomogram (CT). Results: Age-sex adjusted prevalence (%) [95% CI] of dementia was 6.25% [4.47-7.83] (male 4.21% [2.40-6.02]; female 8.28% [5.71-10.85]). Four statistically significant risk factors of the dementia were identified: age 70-74 (OR=1.367), age 75-79 (OR=1.712), age 80-84 (OR=2.465), age 85 over (OR=7.363) illiteracy (OR=3.827); unconsciousness after head injury (OR=3.383), and no exercise (OR=2.188). Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit index of dementia risk model was E (legit of dementia)= -4.337+$0.312^*Age(70{\sim}74)+0.538^*Age(75{\sim}79)+0.902^*Age(80{\sim}84)+1.996^*Age$(85over)+$1.342^*$Illiteracy+$1.219^*$Unconsciousness after head trauma+$0.783^*$No exercise. We confirmed that the overall prevalence of dementia in adults aged 65 and older was 94.3%. The risk factors of dementia were explained by age, illiteracy unconsciousness after head trauma and no exercise. Conclusion: These data have been used to estimate the incidence of dementia in elderly community population and to manage the possible role of risk factors as predictors of dementia.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.303-312
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate severe periodontitis with tooth loss as a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer dementia (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and mixed dementia (MD) using the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Retrospective Cohort database with long-term follow-up over 14 years. Methods: Multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis was applied to a longitudinal retrospective database, which was updated in 2018, to evaluate the association between severe periodontitis with few remaining teeth and dementia after adjusting for potential risk factors, including sociodemographic factors and comorbid diseases. Results: Among 514,866 individuals in South Korea, 237,940 (46.2%) participants satisfying the inclusion criteria were selected. A total of 10,115 age- and sex-matched participants with severe periodontitis and 10,115 periodontally healthy participants were randomly selected and evenly assigned. The results showed that the risks of AD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08), VaD (HR, 1.24), and MD (HR, 1.16) were significantly higher in patients with severe periodontitis with 1-9 remaining teeth after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, anthropomorphic measurements, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Conclusions: Severe periodontitis with few remaining teeth (1-9) may be considered a modifiable risk factor for the development of AD, VaD, and MD in Korean adults.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.58-73
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• 2020

Sleep is an essential physiological process, especially for proper brain function through the formation of new pathways and processing information and cognition. Therefore, when sleep is insufficient, this can result in pathophysiologic conditions. Sleep deficiency is a risk factor for various conditions, including dementia, diabetes, and obesity. Recent studies have shown that there are differences in the prevalence of sleep disorders between genders. Insomnia, the most common type of sleep disorder, has been reported to have a higher incidence in females than in males. However, sex/gender differences in other sleep disorder subtypes are not thoroughly understood. Currently, increasing evidence suggests that gender issues should be considered important when prescribing medicine. Therefore, an investigation of the gender-dependent differences in sleep disorders is required. In this review, we first describe sex/gender differences not only in the prevalence of sleep disorders by category but in the efficacy of sleep medications. In addition, we summarize sex/gender differences in the impact of sleep disorders on incident dementia. This may help understand gender-dependent pathogenesis of sleep disorders and develop therapeutic strategies in men and women.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was, first, to extract the risk factor by investigating several cases of accident of senile dementia patient at home, and second, based on these results to provide basic information for the determination of monitoring factor for the care of senile dementia patient. Basic and behavioral characteristics, Short form of Samsung Dementia Questionnaire (S-SDQ), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and cases of accident were investigated with 55 senile dementia patient at home (16 male, 39 female). Based on these questionnaires, risk factors were extracted and frequency, cooccurrence frequency, and occurring place of risk factors, presence or not, region, and degree of injury were investigated. Frequency between risk factors and behavioral characteristics, ADL, and S-SDQ was analyzed by crosstabulation frequency analysis. Results showed that 12 risk factors were extracted, and the frequency of 'going out' was the highest, and risk factors for injury were 'tumble', 'bump', 'slip', and 'fall'. Cooccurrence frequency analysis showed that the occurrence of 'fall', 'going out', 'fire of gas', and 'violence' with other factors was relatively higher than others. The occurring place of risk factor was the highest in home neighborhood, and the region of injury in knee, and the degree of injury with bruise. Crosstabulation frequency analysis showed that factors which had difference in frequency of risk factor were behavioral disorder, disorder of daily living and ADL. Factor which had difference in frequency due to the degree of behavioral disorder and disorder of daily living was 'going out', and factors which had difference in frequency due to the degree of ADL were 'slip' and 'fire of gas'.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2007

Selected cognitive ability test and survey of basic & problem characteristics were conducted on 110 hospitalized senile dementia patients to extract important problem features. Twenty important problem features were extracted by the factor analysis. In this study, the precedence of the risk of 20 problem features was determined for care of senile dementia patients. Questionnaire was conducted on 32 clinical psychologists who had experienced the diagnosis and treatment of senile dementia patients. Using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), relative risk levels were studied and the precedence of risk was determined by making 20 important problem features in order of the risk. Results of two analyses indicated that during normal daily activities of senile dementia patients the cognitive problem such as memory impairment, judgement disorder and disorientation is the most dangerous risk factor.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1107-1125
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to present the empirical data for the prevention of suicide by analyzing the group differences according to the types of risk factors and protective factors of family members living with dementia patients and the effects of each type on suicidal ideation. This study investigated the characteristics of suicidal ideation among family members of people living with dementia by using a community health survey. It then investigated the effect of each latent group on the suicidal ideation of family members of people living with dementia. Twenty-four risk and protective factors on suicide ideation were analyzed by using Mplus. The four latent classes were high risk - low protective, high risk - high protective, low risk - high protective and low risk - low protective. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the high risk-low protective factor group had the highest suicidal ideation. Based on these results, practical implications and challenges were presented.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.265-272
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• 2018

This study is a descriptive study to investigate the factors influencing the level of cognitive function among elderly living alone according to the presence of dementia risk factors. We conducted a simple questionnaire, GDS-K and MMSE-DS tests to investigate the risk of dementia among 143 elderly people living alone in the community. The results showed that the major factors influencing the cognitive function of the elderly people living alone were education, age, depression status, smoking, leisure activities, and gender. In order to develop strategies for the prevention of dementia in the elderly people living alone, it is necessary to change lifestyle and provide various management methods to identify risk factors that negatively affect cognitive function and to help cognitive health.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.46-51
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• 2021

This pilot study examined the contribution of citizen science approach to the datification of factors influencing the progress of cognitive health of the older adults. Newspapers were reviewed and FGIs of field workers at a Day Care Center gathered relevant data from citizen. Two questions were put forward; whether new factors are drawn from citizen knowledge; if yes, whether they represent a new type of data. 'Aesal', personality of the older adults with dementia is noted as a new dementia affecting factor. The data on personality also present a new challenge for scientific measurement. The relationship between personality or psychology of the older adults and the risk of getting dementia has been a research field for a long time, yet the impact of personality on the progress of dementia has not been examined scientifically. Because of communication difficulties with the older adults with dementia, new types of indicators and new ways of measurements thus need to be developed.