• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2022

This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of methylene blue (MB) photosensitizers in the management of symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP). Electronic online databases and manual searches were performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between January 2010 and February 2022. RCTs comparing photodynamic therapy (PDT) and corticosteroid therapy at baseline and follow-up period were identified. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis was performed regarding visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Thongprasom sign scores, lesion size, response to treatment, and exacerbation of lesions after therapy. The clinical severity was analyzed qualitatively. Five RCTs consisting of 180 samples fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All parameters of VAS score, Thongprasom sign score, lesion size, and response to treatment were statistically non-significant. Our results indicate that both MB-PDT and corticosteroid therapy are effective for the management of OLP. Moreover, MB-PDT is an effective alternative treatment option for OLP when corticosteroids are contraindicated. However, conclusive evidence cannot be ascertained owing to the heterogeneity among the studies.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2022

Purpose: Rib fractures are common injuries that can lead to morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data on all patients with rib fractures admitted to a single trauma center between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018 were reviewed. Results: A total of 1,671 admissions for rib fracture were examined. Patients' median age was 57 years, the median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 14, and the median number of fractured ribs was three. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4%. Age, the number of rib fractures, and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were poor predictors of mortality, while the ISS was a slightly better predictor, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.60, 0.55, 0.58, and 0.74, respectively. Multivariate regression showed that age, ISS, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score, but not the number of rib fractures, were associated with significantly elevated adjusted odds ratios for mortality (1.03, 1.14, and 1.28, respectively). Conclusions: Age, ISS, and comorbidities were independently associated with the risk of mortality; however, they were not accurate predictors of death. The factors associated with rib fracture mortality are complex and cannot be explained by a single variable. Interventions to improve outcomes must be multifaceted.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.83-90
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• 2009

Natural disasters, such as the recent floods in the Midwest, Hurricane Ike in the Gulf coast region (U.S.), and the earthquake in Sichuan (China), cause severe damage to the infrastructure as well as the associated industries and communities that rely on the infrastructure. The estimated damages due to Hurricane Ike in 2008 were a staggering $27 billion, the third worst in U.S. history. In addition, the worst earthquake in three decades in Sichuan resulted in about 90,000 people dead or missing and $20 billion of the estimated loss. A common observation in the analyses of these natural disaster events is the inadequacy of critical infrastructure to withstand the forces of natural calamities and the lack of mitigation strategies when they occur on the part of emergency-related organizations, industries, and communities. If the emergency-related agencies could identify and fortify the vulnerable critical infrastructure in the preparedness stage, the damage and impacts can be significantly reduced. Therefore, it is important to develop a decision support system (DSS) for identifying region-specific mitigation strategies based on the inter-relationships between the infrastructure and associated industries and communities in the affected region. To establish effective mitigation strategies, relevant data were collected from the affected areas with respect to the technical, social, and economic impact levels. The data analysis facilitated identifying the major factors, such as vulnerability, criticality, and severity, for developing a DSS. Customized mitigation strategies that will help agencies prepare, respond, and recover according to the disaster response were suggested.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.2053-2068
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• 2023

Following a loss of coolant accident (LOCA), prestressing concrete containment vessels (PCCVs) may experience high thermal load as well as internal pressure. The high temperature stress would increase the risk of premature damage to the containment, which reduces the safety margin during the increasing internal pressure. However, current investigations cannot clearly address the issues of thermal-pressure coupling effect on damage propagation and thus safety of the containment. Thus, this paper offers three simple and powerful damage parameters to differentiate the severity of damage of the containment. Moreover, despite of the temperature action severely threatening the pressure performance of the containment, the research regarding the improvement of the resistant performance of the containment is quite scarce. Therefore, in this paper, a comprehensive comparison of damage propagation and mechanism between conventional and fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) containments is performed. The effects of fiber characteristics parameters on damage propagation of structures following the LOCA are also specifically revealed. It is found that the proposed damage indices can properly indicate state of damage in the containment body and the addition of fiber can be used to obviously mitigate the damage propagation in PCCV considering the thermal-pressure coupling.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.682-688
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• 2023

In this paper, analyzes the type of failure and its effect on the hydrogen fueling nozzle used in hydrogen station. Failure of hydrogen fueling nozzle was analyzed using a qualitative risk assessment method, failure mode and effect analysis. The failure data of hydrogen fueling nozzles installed in domestic hydrogen stations are collected, and the failure types are classified, checked the main components causing the failure. Criticality analysis was derived based on frequency and severity depending on the failure mode performed. A quality function is developed by a performance test evaluation item of the hydrogen fueling nozzle, and the priority order of design characteristics is selected. Through the analysis results, the elements to improve the main components for enhancing the quality and maintenance of the hydrogen fueling nozzle were confirmed.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제27권2_1호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2024

Soccer is type of sport that carries a high risk of injury. Injury is not only cause in the unlucky soccer carrier and also team performance as well as financial effects can be worse since soccer is a team-based game. The duration of recovery from a soccer injury typically relies on its type and severity. Therefore, we conduct this research in order to predict the probability of players injury type using machine learning technologies in this paper. Furthermore, we compare different machine learning models to find the best fit model. This paper utilizes various supervised classification machine learning models, including Decision Tree, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Naive Bayes. Moreover, based on our finding the KNN and Decision models achieved the highest accuracy rates at 70%, surpassing other models. The Random Forest model followed closely with an accuracy score of 62%. Among the evaluated models, the Naive Bayes model demonstrated the lowest accuracy at 56%. We gathered information about 54 professional soccer players who are playing in the top five European leagues based on their career history. We gathered information about 54 professional soccer players who are playing in the top five European leagues based on their career history.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.13.1-13.24
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• 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the most consequential global health crises in over a century. Since its discovery in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to mutate into different variants and sublineages, rendering previously potent treatments and vaccines ineffective. With significant strides in clinical and pharmaceutical research, different therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. The currently available treatments can be broadly classified based on their potential targets and molecular mechanisms. Antiviral agents function by disrupting different stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection, while immune-based treatments mainly act on the human inflammatory response responsible for disease severity. In this review, we discuss some of the current treatments for COVID-19, their mode of actions, and their efficacy against variants of concern. This review highlights the need to constantly evaluate COVID-19 treatment strategies to protect high risk populations and fill in the gaps left by vaccination.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.952-958
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• 2006

목 적 : 최근 들어 출생체중 1,000 g 미만으로 태어난 ELBWI의 생존율은 주산의학 및 신생아학의 발달로 인해 증가하고 있다. 저자들은 최근 6년간 서울대학교병원에서 태어난 ELBWI의 생존율 변화를 분석하여 신생아 집중 치료술의 향상여부를 알고자 하였다. 방 법 : 본 연구에 포함된 99명의 ELBWI은 출생 년도에 따라 세 시기(I기 : 2000-2001년, II기 : 2002-2003년, III기 : 2004-2005년)로 나누어졌다. 세 시기의 임상적 중증도를 보정하기 위해 CRIB II 점수 체계를 이용하여 ELBWI의 생존율을 비교하였다. 결 과 : ELBWI의 전체 생존율은 74.7%였고, 세 시기에 걸쳐 생존율은 지속적으로 향상되었다(I기 : 60.7%, II기 : 73.3%, III기 : 85.3%). 최소한 50% 이상이 생존하는 것으로 정의된 생존한계는 출생체중 600 g대, 재태기간 25주였다. 출생체중 750 g 미만인 경우에는 세 시기에 걸쳐 생존율이 전체 생존율에 비해서 매우 두드러지게 증가하였다(I기 : 10%, II기 : 46.2%, III기 : 70.6%). ELBWI의 세 시기에 걸친 지속적인 생존율 향상은 CRIB II 점수로 보정한 후에는 더 뚜렷해졌다. 결 론 : 본 기관에서 최근 6년간에 걸친 ELBWI의 생존율은 지속적으로 향상되는 경향을 보였고, 이러한 경향은 특히 출생체중 750 g 이하에서 두드러졌다. 이러한 생존율 향상은 ELBWI의 임상적 중증도 개선과는 상관없이 이루어졌다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2016

연구목적 자살시도자는 일반적인 경우에 비해 의사결정 능력이 떨어지며, 다시 자살을 시도할 위험성이 높기 때문에 재시도 전에 정신건강의학과 치료로 연계하는 것이 중요하다. 특히 신체적 질병이 있는 사람은 자살시도를 할 확률이 높고, 사망률 역시 높아진다. 이 연구는 자살시도자의 특성을 조사하고, 자살시도 후 응급실에 방문하여 정신건강의학과 치료를 받기로 결정하는 데 신체적 질병이 어떤 영향을 주는지 분석하였다. 방 법 2012년 1월부터 12월까지 경기도의 일 종합병원 응급실에 내원한 132명의 자살시도자를 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 의무 기록을 후향적으로 검토해 인구통계학적, 임상적 요인을 조사하였고 정신건강의학과 치료 연계여부에 따라 분석하였다. 결 과 입원과 외래 상관 없이 정신건강의학과 치료를 받는 것에 영향을 주는 요인은 정신건강의학과 진단 유무, 직업 유무, 정신건강의학과 치료 과거력, 자살시도 과거력이었다. 정신건강의학과 치료 형태를 입원과 외래로 나누어 동반된 의학적 질병의 심각도(Charlson comorbidity index)를 비교했을 때, 입원을 통해 정신건강의학과 치료를 받은 자살시도자와 치료 자체를 거부한 자살시도자는 외래에서 치료를 받은 자살시도자보다 동반된 의학적 질병의 심각도가 높게 나타났다. 결 론 이 연구 결과 응급실에 내원한 자살시도자에게 동반된 의학적 질병의 심각도(Charlson comorbidity index)가 정신건강의학과 치료 형태에 영향을 미친다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 정신건강의학과 의사는 응급실에 내원한 자살시도자에 대해 의학적 동반질병의 여부 및 심각도를 평가하여 동반된 의학적 질병이 상대적으로 심각함에도 불구하고 자의퇴원을 진행하려고 하는 자살시도자에게 좀 더 합리적인 의사결정을 할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 수 있어야 한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제35권6_3호
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• pp.1285-1298
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• 2019

가뭄은 산불을 일으킬 수 있는 요소 중 하나로, 산불의 빈도 및 피해 면적과 연관성이 있다. 특히, 우리나라는 가뭄이 주로 발생하는 건조한 봄과 가을에 산불이 많이 발생하고, 그 중 일부는 강풍을 동반하여 대형산불로 번지는 경향을 보인다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라를 대상으로 산불발생 및 면적과 가뭄 변수의 관련성을 파악하고, 우리나라에 적합한 가뭄 변수를 이용하여 산불발생위험 추정을 위한 위성기반의 가뭄지수를 개발하였다. 사용한 가뭄 변수는 다운스케일링(downscaling)한 고해상도의 토양수분, Normalized Different Water Index(NDWI), Normalized Multi-band Drought Index(NMDI), Normalized Different Drought Index(NDDI), Temperature Condition Index(TCI), Precipitation Condition Index(PCI), Vegetation Condition Index(VCI)이며, 경험적 가중 선형조합(Weighted Linear Combination) 및 One-class SVM을 통해 지수 개발을 하였다. 2013년부터 2017년 기간 동안의 변수를 이용하여 상관성 분석을 통해 대부분의 가뭄 변수가 산불 발생에 유의미한 결과를 보임을 확인했으며, 특히 토양수분과 NDWI, PCI가 우리나라 산불과 상관성을 보였다(88 % 이상 일치함). 개발된 지수를 2018년 산불 발생 건에 대해 적용한 결과, 다섯 가지의 선형조합 중에서 토양수분과 NDWI의 조합이 시 공간적으로 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, One-class SVM은 대형산불에 적합한 것으로 나타났다.