• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2013

The estimation of occupant injury risk at crash accident is one of the most important assessments for the vehicle crashworthiness performance. The design of safety devices such as occupant restraining system also depend on the kinematics of occupant and its injury risk. The real world in-depth accident investigation provides detailed and realistic information of vehicle damage and occupant injury as well as the accident conditions. This paper introduces a statistical analysis of NASS/CDS database and domestic accident data to correlate speed change, vehicle damage extend, and occupant injury at frontal crash. The maximum crush extend shows a linear relationship with the effective impact speed. The injury risks of the occupant with and without restraining were also respectively quantified with the crush extend. This result can be effectively used for the emergent rescue of crash victims with automatic crash notification system.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.94-108
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• 2019

Purpose : Heart failure (HF) is considered an important medical burden with rehospitalization and mortality. Anemia is a major risk factor associated with the severity of HF. To improve the understanding of the impact of anemia in the population with HF, we explored the prevalence of anemia, its guidelines, relationship between anemia and mortality or rehospitalization, and limitation of reviewed papers of various populations with HF. Method: We used Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review methodology (2005), and thirty research papers were analyzed. PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsychInfo, Embase, Web of Science were searched for papers published between January 1960-June 2018. Results: Anemia in individuals with HF was primarily defined using the World Health Organization guideline. The prevalence of anemia in patients with HF varied from 9% to 56.7%. Moreover, such a condition significantly increases the prevalence of mortality or rehospitalization in patients with HF. The analyzed majority were non-prospective cohort study including secondary data analysis. Conclusion: Anemia in individuals with HF is a significant risk factor of mortality and rehospitalization. Prospective cohort studies should be designed to identify the optimal value for screening anemia and the impact of anemia on rehospitalization and mortality among HF patients.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.753-763
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• 2019

Objectives: To examine the association between chewing problems and depression in a representative sample of Korean adults. Methods: This study included 4,887 participants aged 19 years or older. Chewing problems were self-reported. Depression was measured using the PHQ-9 scale, which scored the frequency of symptoms over the last two weeks. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: There was a significant positive correlation between chewing problems and depression. Compared to those without chewing problems, participants with chewing problems had a 1.62 times higher risk of mild depression (OR=1.62; 95% CI:1.29-2.05), a 2.27 times higher risk of moderate depression (OR=2.27; 95% CI:1.52-3.38), and a 6.15 times higher risk of severe depression (OR=6.15; 95% CI:2.31-16.37). Conclusions: Results of this study indicate a significant association between chewing problems and depression. In addition, chewing problems were found to have a stronger relationship with higher severity levels of depression.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.196-207
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• 2021

Over the last few decades, the rates of pediatric obesity have more than doubled regardless of sociodemographic categorization, and despite these rates plateauing in recent years there continues to be an increase in the severity of obesity in children and adolescents. This review will discuss the pediatric obesity mediated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as attenuated levels of satiety and energy metabolism hormones, insulin resistance, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness. Additionally, early intervention to combat pediatric obesity is critical as obesity has been suggested to track into adulthood, and these obese children and adolescents are at an increased risk of early mortality. Current suggested strategies to combat pediatric obesity are modifying diet, limiting sedentary behavior, and increasing physical activity. The effects of exercise intervention on metabolic hormones such as leptin and adiponectin, insulin sensitivity/resistance, and body fat in obese children and adolescents will be discussed along with the exercise modality, intensity, and duration. Specifically, this review will focus on the differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and combined exercise on the cardiovascular risks in pediatric obesity. This review outlines the evidence that exercise intervention is a beneficial therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk factors for CVD and the ideal exercise prescription to combat pediatric obesity should contain both muscle strengthening and aerobic components with an emphasis on fat mass reduction and long-term adherence.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2022

Environmental exposure to air pollution is known to have adverse effects on various organs. Air pollution has greater effects on the pulmonary system as the lungs are directly exposed to contaminants in the air. Here, we review the associations of air pollution with the development, morbidity, and mortality of pulmonary diseases. Short-and long-term exposure to air pollution have been shown to increase mortality risk even at concentrations below the current national guidelines. Ambient air pollution has been shown to be associated with lung cancer. Particularly long-term exposure to particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 ㎛ (PM_2.5) has been reported to be associated with lung cancer even at low concentrations. In addition, exposure to air pollution has been shown to increase the incidence risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has been correlated with exacerbation and mortality of COPD. Air pollution has also been linked to exacerbation, mortality, and development of asthma. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) has been demonstrated to be related to increased mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, air pollution increases the incidence of infectious diseases, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis. Furthermore, emerging evidence supports a link between air pollution and coronavirus disease 2019 transmission, susceptibility, severity and mortality. In conclusion, the stringency of air quality guidelines should be increased and further therapeutic trials are required in patients at high risk of adverse health effects of air pollution.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

The study is conducted with the subjects who have under gone coronary angiography to examine the influential factors for the severity of coronary stenosis. Four indicators related to hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity of metabolic syndrome were used as influential factors. As a result of the study, metabolic syndrome such as diabetes and dyslipidemia had 3.3 times and 7.7 times higher chance to lead to 1VD, respectively. In 2VD, diabetes showed 2.9 times higher risk, and dyslipidemia showed 8.5 times higher risk. In 3VD, diabetes was found to be 5 times higher and dyslipidemia was 17.5 times higher in risk. Therefore, it was confirmed that dyslipidemia showed the highest correlation among metabolic syndromes. According to this study, it was confirmed that dyslipidemia and diabetes were closely related to the influential factors for coronary artery stenosis.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

This study tried to suggest crisis management compliance to prevent personal information infringement accidents that may occur in the process because the data including personal information is being processed in the artificial intelligence (AI) service process. To this end, first, the AI service provision process is divided into 3 processes such as service planning/data design and collection process, data pre-processing and purification process, and algorithm development and utilization process. And 3 processes are subdivided into 9 stages following to personal information processing stages to infringe personal information. All processes were investigated with literature and experts' Delphi. Second, the investigated personal information infringement factors were selected through FGI, Delphi, etc. for experts. Third, a survey was conducted with experts on the severity and possibility of each personal information infringement factor, and the validity and adequacy of the 94 responses were verified. Fourth, to present appropriate risk management compliance for personal information infringement factors in AI services, a method for calculating the risk level of personal information infringement is prepared by utilizing the asset value of personal information, personal information infringement factors, and the possibility of infringement accidents. Through this, the countermeasures for personal information infringement incidents were suggested according to the scored risk level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.62-69
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• 2023

The use of low-grade coal is continuously increasing with the development of combustion technology and cost reduction for coal used in thermal power plants . During combustion, the latent heat of evaporation due to moisture is large, and there is a risk of spontaneous combustion and dust explosion during the process of storing and pulverizing coal. This study compared and evaluated the minimum explosive concentration and explosive strength of four types of coal dust-fine, coal dust-coarse, wood pallet+organic dust, and wood chip with coal powder collected from domestic power plant D. The minimum explosive concentration of coal dust was measured according to JIS Z 8818:2002, and the explosion strength was tested according to ASTM E1226 using a Siwek 20 L Chamber Apparatus. As a result of the minimum explosive concentration test, it was found that coal dust-fine has a risk of dust explosion, and since an explosion occurs at a dust concentration of 130 g/m³ of wood chips, it was found that there is a risk of explosion at the lowest dust concentration. According to the dust explosion class standard, Kst is less than 200 bar m/s, and all samples fall under the explosion class St 1, and the dust has a low risk of explosion.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

Objectives : The goal of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of panic disorder respiratory subtype(PD-R) and non-respiratory subtype(PD-NR). Methods : 84 patients with panic disorder were enrolled and divided into 2 groups, 29 PD-R and 55 PD-NR. Diagnosis of panic disorder was evaluated using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders $4^{th}$ edition and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. They were also measured with Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), and Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS). Results : PD-R group showed significantly higher scores in PDSS than those of PD-NR group(p=.027). After controlling for the severity of panic disorder and gender, PD-R group showed higher HAM-D and somatic anxiety subscale of HAM-A than those of PD-NR group. Furthermore, results of logistic regression analysis suggested that the somatic anxiety was a possible risk factor of PD-R(OR=1.404,p=0.009). Conclusion : These results suggest that somatic anxiety and depressive symptom would be important clinical characteristics of PD-R.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the applicability of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation III (APACHE III) to the prediction of the healthcare outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: This research was performed with 136 adult patients (age>18 years) who were admitted to the ICU between May and June 2012. Data were measured using the CCI score with a comorbidity index of 19 and the APACHE III score on the standard of the worst result with vital signs and laboratory results. Discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under an ROC curve (AUC). Calibration was performed using logistic regression. Results: The overall mortality was 25.7%. The mean CCI and APACHE III scores for survivors were found to be significantly lower than those of non-survivors. The AUC was 0.835 for the APACHE III score and remained high, at 0.688, for the CCI score. The rate of concordance according to the CCI and the APACHE III score was 69.1%. Conclusion: The route of admission, days in ICU, CCI, and APACHE III score are associated with an increased mortality risk in ICU patients.