• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.443-449
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• 2015

Background: Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) are clonal hematologic malignancies originating at the level of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that contribute to all stages of malignancy progression. Genetic variants in the MMP genes may influence the biological function of these enzymes and change their role in carcinogenesis and progression. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of associations between the -735 C/T and -1562 C/T polymorphisms in the MMP2 and MMP9 genes, respectively, and the risk of essential thrombocytosis (ET), and polycythemia vera (PV). Materials and Methods: The case-control study included JAK2V617F mutation positive 102 ET and PV patients and 111 controls. Polymorphisms were determined by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and electrophoresis. Results: No statistically significant differences were detected between patient (ET+PV) and control groups regarding genotype distribution for MMP2 gene-735 C/T and MMP9 gene -1562 C/T polymorphisms and C/T allele frequency (p>0.050). Statistically borderline significance was observed between PV and control groups regarding genotype distribution for the MMP9 gene -1562 C/T polymorphism (p=0.050, OR=2.26, 95%Cl=0.99-5.16). Conclusions: Consequently this study supported that CC genotype of MMP9 gene -1562 C/T polymorphism may be related with PV even if with borderline significance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4135-4141
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• 2014

Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) may play an important role as one of the possible etiologies of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to investigate the association between HPV and OSCC in young Japanese patients by examining the presence of HPV DNA and surrogate markers in OSCC tissues. Materials and Methods: Forty young patients with OSCC whose surgical specimens were available were analyzed and compared with 40 patients randomly recruited from a pool of patients aged >40 years. HPV DNA was detected using the polymerase chain reaction-based AMPLICOR$^{(R)}$ HPV test, and surrogate markers of HPV infection were analyzed using immunohistochemical techniques to detect $p16^{INK4a}$ and p53. Results: Only two (5%) young patients and one (2.5%) older patient were positive for HPV DNA. $p16^{INK4a}$ overexpression was identified in six (15%) young patients. p53 staining levels were not high in tissues of most young patients (27 patients, 67.5%). HPV DNA status did not significantly correlate with $p16^{INK4a}$ expression levels. Profiles of increased levels of $p16^{INK4a}$ expression with diminished levels of p53 staining were not associated with the presence of HPV DNA. The combined p53 with $p16^{INK4a}$ profiles were significantly correlated with alcohol consumption in younger patients (p=0.006). Conclusions: Results of the present study indicate that HPV is less likely to cause OSCC in young Japanese patients, and the $p16^{INK4a}$ expression level is not an appropriate surrogate marker for HPV infection in OSCC.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.42
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• pp.140-167
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• 2008

This study analyzes the legal reasoning of Seoul Central District Court, which imposed legal liability on portals for posting defamatory user replies to news articles, written and provided by the news media, onto their 'News Windows'. Saddling portals with the burden of verifying the facts associated in news articles and imposing the legal obligation as a publisher entail a grave risk of impairment of free flow of information and freedom of expression. Of course, it would ultimately result in tightening up private censorship of information which the Constitution does not allow, and funker keep portals from posting even news articles in which expressed views and opinions are lawful. When judging whether portals should assume liability fur libelous user replies to news articles, it is necessary to distinguish the territory under the direct authority of portals from cafes and bulletin boards managed by third parties. In addition, imposing legal liability above the level of common carrier should be limited to the cases; when portals arbitrarily change the contents of news articles or when the articles portals changed contain libelous contents. Even if those conditions are met, the altered contents should obviously constitute libel. Only in the presence of proof that portals knew the illegality of news articles and did not take proper steps including deleting those replies, should portals not be considered as an accomplice. Nor should portals take responsibility for users' defamatory replies for those reasons.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-60
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• 1997

This study was to identify the nursing intervention method in finding out the incidence, risk factor, prevention and treatment of bed sore cilents who received regional home care nursing services. The eleven home care nurse practitioners took the survey on 97 patients who received home care nursing service from Seoul City Nurses Association for one month from September 26 to October 26 1996. A modified version of Braden's bed sore assessment tool for bed sore risks and a tool for assessment of bed sore stage and measurement bed sore sizes by Bergstrom, Braden, Laguzza and Holman(1987) were as research tools for this study and a questionnare with 40 questions and 12 items on nursing activities was used to find out the prevention and treatment of bed sores. Also, two open ended questions were used on current approaches and efforts of the treatment being applied to clients. The finding of the study were summarized as following : 1. The rate of bed sore occurrence was 47.4% 2. The areas of bed sore occurrence were hip(28.9%), sacrum(18.6%), great trochanter(14.4%) and the average number of sore spots were 2.26 3. Two groups-one with bed sores and the other without-were studied to determine prediction factors for bed sore risks. Sensory function, humidity, level of activity, mobility, nutrition, skin friction and chapping and body temperature turned out to be statistically significant factors for bed sores. Also the age of clients turned out to be a individual characteristic variable significantly affecting the rate of bed sore occurrences. 4. The education for clients and family on systematic skin assessment and bed sores and practice of active/passive R.O.M. are mainly used as nursing activities for bed sore care. 5. The treatment method varied by stages of bed sores. Sometimes folk remedies like applying the powders of dried elm tree roots to sores were used. Good nutrition, frequent position change and skin care turned to be the most effective means to fast recovery of sores.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.106-119
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• 2016

Flood risk map, flood damage map, disaster information map, inundation trace map are involved with the cartographic analysis of flood inundation based on prevention, preparation, restoration, response from natural disasters such as flood, flooding, etc. In this study, the analysis for channel and basin characteristics Chungju dam to Paldang dam of South han river after four river project. Flood scenario is selected to take advantage of design flood level of schematic design for river. Flood inundation of one dimensional non-uniform flow by using HEC-RAS with basin characteristics is accomplished and two dimensional unsteady flow was interpreted by using FLUMEN. Frequency analysis is carried out about each abundance of South han river for 100 year period, 200 year period and 500 year period. Flooding disaster area of 100 year period on 0.5m damage functions is 2378.8ha, 200 year period on 0.5m damage functions is 3155.2ha, 500 year period on 0.5m damage functions is 3995.3ha respectively. It will be significant data for decision making to establish inundation trace map for providing basic plan for river maintenance, land use plan, flood protection plan, application plan and getting information of flood expectation area.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.71-82
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• 2017

Most banks in Myanmar have begun to provide their services via mobile phones. However, few studies investigated the factors that may help to set mobile services from a customer perspective. So, this study aims to propose and test a conceptual research model to predict the user's intention to use and actual use level of mobile banking service by combining UTAUT and DeLone-Mclean IS model. Data were collected from 206 citizens who had experienced mobile banking in various regions of Myanmar. The study found that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, information quality and service quality influence the user 's intention to adopt mobile banking services which directly affects the user's actual use of them. However, social influence, facilitating condition and system quality don't influence the user's intention. The study results contribute to meeting customer's needs and reducing customer risk in Myanmar's mobile banking industry, suggesting to seamlessly provide the necessary resources like technology improvements, organizational infrastructure and service centers. Another future study are required to include service's security and trust factors so that the service providers could gain their customers' reliability and trust.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.155-169
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• 2014

We meet many difficult challenges from many factors such as crime, natural disasters, social unrest, financial problems, employment, and so on. It therefore essential to cope with these negative stressful events to attain a state of personal well-being. Lately in the field of psychology and psychiatry, a concept called 'resilience' has received increasing attention. Resilience embodies the personal qualities that enable one to thrive in the face of adversity. Also it refers to the process of overcoming the negative effect of risk exposure, coping successfully with adversity, and avoiding the negative trajectories associated with risks. Resilience people were expected to do their innovative work behavior well. And SUS(supervisor support), COS(coworker support), OEMC(organizational error management culture) influence the relationship of resilience between Innovative Behavior. This study focused on three question. First, how is resilience relate to individual performance in the organization? And second, are there any moderate factors between resilience and individual performance. As the result of the hierarchical regression analysis, resilience indicates positive effects on IB and IB was predicted by interaction of resilience by SUS and OEMC. Findings in this study indicated that the level of SUS and OEMC should be considered in interpreting the resilience and Innovative Behavior.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.362-365
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• 2009

Type 2 diabetes is a typical polygenic disease complex, for which several common risk alleles have been identified. The hepatocyte nuclear factor-$4{\alpha}$ (HNF-$4{\alpha}$), a transcription factor involved in the regulation of serum lipid and glucose levels, has recently been associated with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we investigated the genotype for the C>T polymorphism at position 12352 of the HNF-$4{\alpha}$ gene in Koreans and compared patient genotypes with those of the control group. 100 patients (63 males, 37 females) with a history of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 100 controls (36 males, 64 females) participated in this study. There was no association between 12352 C>T polymorphism in the HNF-$4{\alpha}$ gene and T2DM. The present study shows that HNF-$4{\alpha}$ 12352 C>T polymorphism may not be associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM. Further studies with larger populations may be needed for the development of diagnostic methods at a genetic level such as DNA chip.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2018

In the case of the enlargement levee on the soft foundation, the existing levee and the enlargement levee connection can be damaged due to heterogeneous subsidence such as differential settlement at the joint of the box culvert passing through the levee. This study selected the downstream region of the Geum River and then confirmed the influence of the piping possibility on the levee by performing a 2D seepage analysis and analyzing the seepage tendency according to the position of the box culvert's gate. As a result, the flow velocity and the hydraulic gradient are larger in the upper breakage than the lower breakage, and the upper leak was more vulnerable to the piping than the lower leak. If leaks occur in the gate located on the riverside land, the risk of piping is increased when the water level rises and is maintained highly. In the case of the gate located on the inland, it could be predicted that the leakage could damage the stability of levee by increasing the water pressure inside the levee. As a result, if leakage occurs at any position in the box culvert, the pore water pressure is increased or decreased compared with the case when no leakage occurs. Therefore, if the pore water pressure is drastically reduced or increased compared with the normal case, leakage may occur. However, the result of this study is based on a 2D seepage analysis, and it is likely to be different from actual cases. Therefore, more detailed analysis by 3D analysis is recommended.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.534-549
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• 2012

This study analyzed the effects of housing wealth on the balance accounts of elderly households with an age of over 60 facing the asset decumulation period, capitalizing upon an ordered logit model for the 2011 household finance survey data. Out of some variables representing personal and social characteristics, the age and waged worker variables had a positive effect, but the number of household, low education level, living in the apartment and capital region variables negatively affected the balance accounts of elderly households. Some variables reflecting economic wealth and financial strategies such as the attitude of risk-taking, ordinary income and the ratio of financial assets had a positive impact, but other variables such as DSR did a negative one on the balance accounts of the elderly households. The ownership of housing wealth variable positively, but the ratio of housing assets variable negatively affected the balance accounts of the elderly households, which could be derived from the duality of housing as both consumption goods and assets. However, the ownership of other real estates and the ratio of them in the total assets variables had a negative impact on the balance accounts of the elderly households. Furthermore, since the financial asset-debt ratio worsened the balance accounts of the elderly households with both housing and other real estates, it is implied that the purchase of real estates with excessive bank loans could make them dangerous.