• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.175-191
• /
• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The scientific evidence of a sodium-obesity association is limited by sodium intake assessments. Our specific aim is to synthesize the association between dietary sodium intake and obesity across the sodium intake assessments as evidenced by systematic reviews in adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A systematic search identified systematic reviews comparing the association of dietary sodium intakes with obesity-related outcomes such as body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference, and risk of (abdominal) obesity. We searched PubMed on October 24, 2022. To assess the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS), we employed the ROBIS tool. RESULTS: This review included 3 systematic reviews, consisting of 39 unique observational studies (35 cross-sectional studies and 4 longitudinal studies) and 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We found consistently positive associations between dietary sodium intake and obesity-related outcomes in cross-sectional studies. Studies that used 24-h urine collection indicated a greater BMI for those with higher sodium intake (mean difference = 2.27 kg/m²; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-2.51; P < 0.001; I² = 77%) compared to studies that used spot urine (mean difference = 1.34 kg/m²; 95% CI, 1.13-1.55; P < 0.001; I² = 95%) and dietary methods (mean difference = 0.85 kg/m²; 95% CI, 0.1-1.51; P < 0.05; I² = 95%). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative synthesis of the systematic reviews has shown that cross-sectional associations between dietary sodium intake and obesity outcomes were substantially different across the sodium intake assessments. We need more high-quality prospective cohort studies and RCTs using 24-h urine collection to examine the causal effects of sodium intake on obesity.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 2017

Malnutrition is common and the major risk factor of mortality of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The aim of this study is to assess nutritional status of malnutrition patients on dialysis by various methods and compare nutritional parameters of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with hemodialysis patients. 137 patients on dialysis from April 2009 to July 2013 were enrolled. Nutritional parameters of 66 CAPD and 71 hemodialysis patients were investigated by anthropometry, biochemical study, diet analysis and questionnaires. Malnutrition patients were selected by body mass index (BMI), serum albumin and pre-albumin based on International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting and compared with non-malnutrition patients. In comparison of CAPD and hemodialysis patients, most anthropometric values showed no significant difference except total body water (TBW). TBW was lower in CAPD patients (P=0.024). Although serum albumin was slightly higher in hemodialysis patients (P=0.047), pre-albumin were significantly higher in CAPD patients (P=0.000). Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was higher in hemodialysis patients (P=0.000). In diet analysis, Total calorie (P=0.000) and total cholesterol (P=0.012) intakes were higher in CAPD patients. Mean subjective global assessment (SGA) grade was higher in CAPD patients (P=0.003). Several nutritional parameters of CAPD patients were better than hemodialysis patients implying more intensive therapeutic approach may be needed for hemodialysis patients. We have to understand multiple factors contributing malnutrition of ESRD patients and individualized therapeutic approach is needed.

• 중환자간호학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.12-23
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a Korean version of evidence-based enteral tube feeding (ETF) guidelines through adaptation of existing ETF guidelines. Methods: The guideline adaptation process was conducted into 24 steps according to a manual for guideline adaptation version 2.0 developed by NECA. Results: The adapted ETF nursing practice guideline was consisted of 9 domains and 20 recommendations, including confirmation of tube placement, risk of aspiration, assessment gastric residual volume, body positioning, treating feeding tube occlusion, administration rate, medication, tube flushes, and interruption of feeding. The results of the grading of recommendations assessment by expert penal showed that 8 recommendations in Grade A, 4 in grade B, and 8 in Grade C were emerged from the process. The range of content validity index scores by expert penal was 0.8-1.0. Conclusion: It is expected that the adapted ETF nursing practice guideline could be helpful for nurses to practice evidence-based ETF for their patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제45권5호
• /
• pp.308-315
• /
• 2012

Background: Long-term surveillance comparing satisfaction between the early experience of Nuss procedure vs. Ravitch procedure. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients that underwent surgical correction of a pectus excavatum between 2001 and 2004 and were followed for ${\geq}2$ years were included. Surveillance on the degree of satisfaction was performed using five-levels of the Likert scale and self-assessment scoring. Results: Nuss or Ravitch surgery was performed in 63 and 37 patients, respectively. The Nuss procedure required a shorter operation time and shorter hospital stay than the Ravitch procedure (p<0.001). The surveillance demonstrated that 17.6% of the Nuss group and 35.7% of the Ravitch group were not satisfied with the outcome of the surgery (p=0.072). The most common causes of dissatisfaction were redepression in the Nuss group (n=5) and incomplete correction in the Ravitch group (n=7). The multivariate analysis showed that reoperation and a high postoperative pectus index were significant risk factors for a low satisfaction score. Conclusion: The Nuss procedure had several advantages over the Ravitch procedure in the immediate postoperative period. However, the long-term satisfaction was determined by a complete correction without recurrence or need for re-intervention rather than by the operation type.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.5-18
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Frailty is associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. We aimed to review the relationships between frailty and health outcomes in community-dwelling Korean elderly individuals. Methods: Whittemore and Knafls' framework for conducting integrative reviews was used. PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and six Korean databases were searched. For analysis, the study included articles written in English and Korean published between January 1960 and June 2018. Of the total 1,488 studies found in the databases, we analyzed 15 studies that met the quality of the evaluation criteria. Results: The prevalence of frailty in Korean elderly individuals ranged from 6.5% to 11.7% when divided into three levels of frailty. The health outcomes assessed in relation to frailty were divided into five domains: quality of life, physical health, psychosocial health, health behavior, and health care quality. Frailty was negatively associated with all five domains. Conclusions: Our study suggested that nurses should be aware of the limitations in the physical and cognitive functions of frail elderly individuals and provide tailored interventions for Korean elderly individuals. Furthermore, a large-scale study is needed to develop the Korean model of the frailty assessment tool and to verify the conceptual model of this study.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to review clinical efficacy of acupuncture treatment of mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Randomized controlled trials that performed acupuncture treatment for mild cognitive impairment were retrieved from 6 online databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, NDSL, OASIS) on September $30^{th}$, 2018. Studies were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were reviewed by Risk of Bias assessment. Results: In total, 21 studies were included in this review. All studies were Chinese (19 studies published in Chinese and 2 in English). The sample size, 50 to 100, and the number of treatment times, 20 to 30, were the largest range in all studies. The most treatments performed was 30. The longest treatment period was 56 days, which accounted for 33% of the studies. The most frequently used evaluation index was the Mini Mental State Examination followed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, each used 17 times and 15 times, respectively. The most frequently used acupoints were GV20, EX-HN1, GB20, and GV24, which accounted for 47% of total number of acupoints used. In 48% of the studies, needle retention time was 30 minutes. Western medicine treatment was the most common control group. Most studies reported that the intervention group was statistically significantly different to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that acupuncture for mild cognitive impairment was effective. However, it is difficult to confirm this conclusion because the quality of most of these studies were of low quality.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2022

Background: Chemical emissions in the environment have rapidly increased with the accelerated industrialization taking place in recent decades. Residents of industrial complexes are concerned about the health risks posed by chemical exposure. Objectives: This study was performed to suggest modeling methods that take into account multimedia and multi-pathways in human exposure and risk assessment. Methods: The concentration of benzene emitted at industrial complexes in Daesan, South Korea and the exposure of local residents was estimated using the Caltox model. The amount of human exposure based on inhalation rate was stochastically predicted for various activity stages such as resting, normal walking, and fast walking. Results: The coefficient of determination (R²) for the CalTOX model efficiency was 0.9676 and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was 0.0035, indicating good agreement between predictions and measurements. However, the efficiency index (EI) appeared to be a negative value at -1094.4997. This can be explained as the atmospheric concentration being calculated only from the emissions from industrial facilities in the study area. In the human exposure assessment, the higher the inhalation rate percentile value, the higher the inhalation rate and lifetime average daily dose (LADD) at each activity step. Conclusions: Prediction using the Caltox model might be appropriate for comparing with actual measurements. The LADD of females was higher ratio with an increase in inhalation rate than those of males. This finding would imply that females may be more susceptible to benzene as their inhalation rate increases.

• 대한공간정보학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 위치기반 소셜 미디어 데이터의 공간적 분포가 지역별 부동산 지수와 어떠한 공간적 관련성을 가지는지에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 두 데이터는 상이한 자료 형식을 가지고 있어, 이를 보완할 수 있는 방법론으로 본 연구에서는 격자 기반의 공간분석 방법을 적용하였다. 대상 데이터로는 2013년 8월 한 달간의 지오태그된 트윗 데이터와 행정구역별 주택가격지수(매매, 전세)를 이용하였으며, 공간적 범위는 서울과 수도권 일부를 포함하도록 하였다. 두 데이터 간의 상이한 공간적 단위를 고려하여 2,000m 단위의 격자망을 구성하고 이에 맞게 두 데이터를 격자 데이터 형태로 변환하였다. 변환된 두 데이터에 대하여 Hot spot 분석을 실시하여 공간적 분포를 시각적으로 비교하였으며, 공간시차를 고려한 이변량 공간적 상관계수를 측정함으로써 정량적 분석을 실시하였다. 시각적, 정량적 분석 결과, 서초구 지역이 트윗 데이터와 주택매매가격지수 데이터에서 공통적인 Hotspot 지역으로 탐색되었으나 주택전세가격지수 데이터와는 뚜렷한 공간적 상관성이 탐색되지 않았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.2559-2564
• /
• 2016

Purpose: To compare Ki-67 index and microvessel density MVD) in multiple myeloma and non-myeloma patients and their correlation with each other and other prognostic markers. Materials and Methods: Forty patients were enrolled in this study between 2011-2013, 30 with multiple myelomas and 10 with non-malignant disease as controls. Proliferative activity was analyzed by Ki-67 and microvessel density (MVC) was assessed by CD34 and compared between two groups. In myeloma patients, correlation between Ki-67, MVD and other prognostic factors was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: According to Durie Salmon staging criteria, 13 patients were of stage 1, 5 of stage II and 12 of stage III. Ki-67 expression showed a positive correlation with MVD (r=0.729, p<0.001) and was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in myeloma patients (range 35-80%, mean 60.1 %) as compared to controls (range 8-25%, mean 18.1%). $MVD/mm^2$ was also significantly (p<0.0001) higher in myeloma patients (range $62-237/mm^2$, mean $178.0/mm^2$) than controls (range $5.2-50/mm^2$, mean $18.3/mm^2$). Ki-67 and MVD, both increased progressively with increasing stage of myeloma. Ki-67 showed significant positive correlation with blood urea and lactate dehydrogenase and a significant negative correlation with serum albumin. MVD showed a significant positive correlation with blood urea, lactate dehydrogenase, serum creatinine, ${\beta}2$ microglobulin and skeletal lesions. Conclusions: Ki-67 and MVD are indicators of aggressiveness and poor prognosis having significant correlation with each other and other prognostic markers of multiple myeloma. Routine assessment of these markers may help to identify high risk patients, who may benefit from with more aggressive therapy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2011

Objectives : Bell's palsy is the most common acute facial paralysis but its causes still unclear. At present, one of the most widely accepted cause is viral infections, and generally socioeconomic factors influence the viral infections. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of incidence of facial palsy with socioeconomic factors. Methods : Seventeen patients with a acute facial palsy, who volunteered and completed all of the assessment measures participated. Using data on 17 participants, we examined the independent contribution of education, income, and occupation to a risk factor of severe facial palsy. Severity of global facial impairment was assessed by the facial disability index (FDI), the house-brackmann facial nerve grading system, WHO quality of life - bref (WHOQOL-BREF) and visual analogue scale (VAS) about discomfort of life. Results : There was no correlation between severity of facial palsy and gender, marriage, education, or occupation. Age greater than 60 years (p<0.05), and low monthly income(p<0.05), poor self-rated health was associated with greater severity of idiopathic facial paralysis. Conclusions : The number of subjects with facial palsy in our study (n-17) was small, and therefore generalization to larger patient populations might be unwarranted. But according to the outcome, we suggest that socioeconomic factors, especially low monthly income influence severity of bell's palsy.