• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.403-423
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• 2016

The challenges involved with fatigue damage assessment of steel catenary riser (SCR) in the touchdown zone (TDZ) are primarily due to the non-linear behaviour of the SCR-seabed interaction, considerable uncertainty in SCR-seabed interaction modelling and geotechnical parameters. The issue of fatigue damage induced by the cyclic movements of the SCR with the seabed has acquired prominence with the touch down point (TDP) interaction in the TDZ. Therefore, the SCR-seabed response is critical for reliable estimation of fatigue life in the TDZ. Various design approaches pertaining to the lateral pipe-soil resistance model are discussed. These techniques have been applied in the finite element model that can be used to analyse the lateral SCR-seabed interaction under hydrodynamic loading. This study investigates the sensitivity of fatigue performance to geotechnical parameters through a parametric study. In this study, global analyses are performed to assess the influence of vertical linear seabed springs, the lateral seabed model and the non-linear seabed model, including trench evolution into seabed, seabed normalised stiffness, re-penetration offset parameter and soil suction resistance ratio, on the fatigue life of SCRs in the TDZ.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2017

Since risers have to be operated without being replaced during the design life time after installation, fatigue evaluation as well as strength analysis should be performed. The fatigue life of the riser is known to be dominantly influenced by wave loading and vortex induced vibration (VIV) phenomena. The fatigue life evaluation method and the behavior characteristics of the riser by the wave have been done a lot. Even though the VIV is an important source of fatigue damage for SCR, the evaluation method and behavior characteristics by VIV have not been studied relatively. Most of the S / W for calculating VIV fatigue are a semi-empirical model based on various theoretical models and experiments. For better understanding of VIV response, it is necessary to investigate the effect of parameters which affects the analysis result. This paper summarizes the results of parametric study performed to enhance the understanding of relationship between each parameter and fatigue analysis result.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

매체 순환식 연소는 연소 공정 자체에서 질소 산화물 생성이나 부가적인 에너지 소비 없이 이산화탄소 분리가 이루어지는 신공정이다. 이 공정은 금속 산화물 입자가 두 개의 반응기를 순환하며 산화와 환원을 거치는 과정으로 구성되어 있다. 이 연구에서는 bentonite에 담지된 산화철 산소 공여 입자의 반응 속도 식을 shrinking core 모델을 통하여 수립하였다. 반응성 결과를 바탕으로 반응기 설계 기준인 고체 순환량과 입자 충전량을 도출하였다. 매체 순환식 연소 공정의 적용을 위하여 두 가지 형태의 연결된 유동층 즉, 상승관과 기포 유동층이 각각 한 개씩인 형태, 상승관 한 개와 기포 유동층이 두 개로 구성된 형태로 시스템을 설계하였다. 고체 순환량은 loop-seal을 통하여 $30kg/m^2s$ 정도까지 변화시켰다. 고체 순환량은 loop-seal의 기체 주입량이 증가할수록 증가하였으며 보조 기체를 주입하면 그 양이 더 증대되었다. 고체 순환량이 증가함에 따라 상승관 내부의 고체량은 증가하였다. 상승관으로부터 다른 반응기로의 기체 누출량은 1% 미만의 수준이었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.278-287
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the structural strength of a 53ft Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tank container according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1496-3, amidst growing global demand for LNG transportation. The research was conducted in two main stages: structural analysis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) under various load conditions, and structural strength tests following ISO 1496-3 test procedures. The structural analysis was performed considering different loading conditions to assess the structural safety of the tank container. Calculated stresses were compared with allowable stress under specified load conditions. The structural strength tests were conducted at Mokpo National University's Subsea Umbilical cable Riser Flowline R&D Center, which provided a suitable testing environment. The study found that calculated stresses met the allowable stress under specified load conditions, confirming the structural safety of the tank container. Additionally, the maximum deformation and permanent deformation satisfied the design criteria for all test cases, indicating the container's structural strength meets requirements. The research also contributed valuable data for future structural strength tests of similar products and facilitated the development of safe and efficient LNG transportation solutions by developing effective test procedures in accordance with ISO 1496-3 standards.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

The motion behaviors including hydrodynamic interaction and mechanical coupling effects on multiple-body floating platforms are simulated by using a time domain hull/mooring/riser coupled dynamics analysis program. The objective of this study is to evaluate off-diagonal hydrodynamic interaction effects and mechanical coupling effects on tandem moored FPSO and shuttle taker motions. In the multiple-body floating platforms interaction, hydrodynamic coupling effects with waves and mechanical coupling effects through the connectors should be considered. Thus, in this study, the multiple-body platform motions are calculated by Combined Matrix Method (CMM) as well as Separated Matrix Method (SMM). The advantage of the combined matrix method is that it can include all the 6Nx6N full hydrodynamic and mechanical interaction effects among N bodies. Whereas, due to the larger matrix size, the calculation time of Combined Matrix Method (CMM) is longer than the Separated Matrix Method (SMM). On the other hand, Separated Matrix Method (SMM) cannot include the off-diagonal 6x6 hydrodynamic interaction coefficients although it can fully include mechanical interactions among N bodies. To evaluate hydrodynamic interaction and mechanical coupling effects, tandem moored FPSO and shuttle tanker is simulated by Combined Matrix Method (CMM) and Separated Matrix Method (SMM). The calculation results give a good agreement between Combined Matrix Method (CMM) and Separated Matrix Method (SMM). The results show that the Separated Matrix Method (SMM) is more efficient for tandem moored FPSO and shuttle tanker. In the numerical calculation, the hydrodynamic coefficients are calculated from a 3D diffraction/radiation panel program WAMIT, and wind and current forces are generated by using the respective coefficients given in the OCIMF data sheet.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.619-624
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• 2002

A prestressed/precast concrete system was used to build the new Asian Olympic Stadium Project in Pusan, Korea. The stadium(mainly intended for cycle racing) is designed for the 2002 Asian Olympic Games and has a seating capacity of 20,000 spectators plus a few private suites. More than 1300 prestressed/precast components were used and they include single columns, primary beams, cantilever beams, double riser stands, and double tees. Especially, a total of 24 cantilever beams is used on the fourth story for the stands and double tees. These 8m long beams are post-tensioned to prevent cracking, to increase their durability and to serve serviceability by vibration. A cantilever section with cast-in-place topping is 800mm wide and 1500mm deep. Cantilever beams are connected to the column with the corbel by cast-in place concrete. Bonded post-tensioning tendons were assembled at the job site. Dead-end anchorages were installed in the end of cantilever beams and live-end anchorage is the opposite of them. This article presents the geometric layouts, design features and so on.

• 태양에너지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2000

This paper deals with the design, construction and operation of a direct solar hot water heating system developed to harness the solar energy more effectively. The system introduced here uses a unique network of riser tubes and header pipes apart from the existing concept to exploit the physical properties of water which expands when it freezes. It also employs a special pressure relief mechanism for the header to prevent its breakage due to freezing. A number of tests are made to assure its functional reliability during frigid weather conditions and its superior performance over indirect systems.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2016

The global demand for oil and natural gas has increased, and resource development is moving to the deep sea. Floating and flexible offshore structures such as semi-submersible, spar, and FPSO structures have been widely used. The major equipment of floating structures is always exposed to waves, currents, and other marine environmental factors, which cause structural damage. Moreover, flexible risers are susceptible to an exciting force due to the motion of the floating body. The inline and transverse responses from the three-dimensional behavior of a floating structure occur because of various forces. Typical risers are made of steel pipe and applied in the oil and gas development field, but flexible materials such as polyethylene are suitable for OTEC risers. Consequently, the optimal design of a flexible offshore plant requires a dynamic behavior analysis of slender bodies made of the different materials commonly used for offshore flexible risers. In this study, a three-dimensional motion measurement device was used to analyze the displacements of riser models induced by external force factors, and forced oscillation of a riser was linked to forced oscillation under a steady flow and regular wave condition.

• Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.2327-2335
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• 2018

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is an important chemical process that is widely used to produce valuable petrochemical products by cracking heavier components. However, many difficulties exist in modeling the FCC process due to its complexity. In this study, a dynamic process model of a FCC process is suggested and its structural observability is analyzed. In the process modeling, yield function for the kinetic model of the riser reactor was applied to explain the product distribution. Hydrodynamics, mass balance and energy balance equations of the riser reactor and the regenerator were used to complete the modeling. The process model was tested in steady-state simulation and dynamic simulation, which gives dynamic responses to the change of process variables. The result was compared with the measured data from operating plaint. In the structural analysis, the system was analyzed using the process model and the process design to identify the structural observability of the system. The reactor and regenerator unit in the system were divided into six nodes based on their functions and modeling relationship equations were built based on nodes and edges of the directed graph of the system. Output-set assignment algorithm was demonstrated on the occurrence matrix to find observable nodes and variables. Optimal locations for minimal addition of measurements could be found by completing the whole output-set assignment algorithm of the system. The result of this study can help predict the state more accurately and improve observability of a complex chemical process with minimal cost.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2007

General criteria for the risering design of steel castings and commercial codes for the flow and solidification analysis were used to design the optimized risering in V-process. Three type of specimens were chosen including thin plates and a thick disc. Sided riser installed in the front of a plate casting was effective to prevent the shrinkage defects and to increase the casting yield ratio. Exothennic sleeve and chill were also effective. It was possible to apply the general criteria for the risering design of steel castings to V-process. Temperature of a mold surface was expected to rise over $1,000^{\circ}C$ in the temperature calculation considering radiation effect of molten metal in the mold. Since weakening temperature of the vinyl used in V-process is about $70^{\circ}C$, it should be emphasized that a proper coating of the vinyl film is necessary to prevent the possibility of burning out of the vinyl by the molten metal.