• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제69권
• /
• pp.523-541
• /
• 2016

According to Chinese Arbitration Law, combination of mediation with arbitration means that in the process of arbitration, arbitrator may conduct mediation proceedings for the case they are handling, provided both parties agree to do so. If mediation succeeds and the parties reach a settlement agreement, the arbitrators may render a consent award or a written mediation statement in accordance with the contents of the settlement agreement. If mediation fails, the arbitration proceedings will be resumed until the case is concluded by making of an arbitral award. There is no formal name of this system in China, it is called "combination of mediation with arbitration", "mediation in arbitration process" or "arbitration-mediation", the author of this thesis select "arbitration-mediation" and make it simply as "Arb-Med". This thesis concentrates on three issues that arbitrators and the parties have to clarify and pay attention to once they choose to use Arb-Med. The first part is about the 'waivable problems', include waive the right to challenge a arbitrator who act as a mediator at the same time with parties' approval, as well as the question about the waiver of the arbitrator's duty to disclose confidential information obtained during mediation. The second part is 'public policy in Arb-Med', introduces the concept of public policy, the bias may arise the complaint about public policy, and the due procedure problem. And the last part is about the award deals with a difference not contemplated by or not falling within the terms of the submission to arbitration, or it contains decisions on matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration, especially about the award including some contents which has relation to third party's interests.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Numerous investigators demonstrated that adaptative changes were induced by motor skill acquisition in the central nervous system. We investigated the changes of neuroelectric potential following motor learning with serial reaction time task in young healthy subjects, using electroencephalography (EEG). Methods: Twelve right-handed normal volunteers were recruited, who have no history of neurological dysfunction and were given to written the informed consent. All subjects were assigned to flex to extend the wrist joint or flex the thumb for pressing the matched button as quickly and accurately as possible, when one of five colored lights was displayed on computer screen (red, yellow, green, blue, white). EEG was measured, whenfive types simulations ware presented randomly with equal probabilities of 20% in total 200 times at the pre and post test. And they were scheduled for 30 minutes practice session during two consecutive days in the laboratory. Results: The results showed that the reaction time at the post test was significantly reduced, compared to one of the pre test in serial reaction time task. In EEG map analysis, the broaden bilateral activation tended to be changed to the focused contralateral activation in the frontoparietal area. Conclusion: These findings showed that acquisition of motor skill led to product more fast motor execution, and that motor learning could change cortical activation pattern, from the broaden bilateral activation to the focused contralateral activation. Thus we concluded that the adaptative change was induced by motor learning in healthy subjects.

• 영어영문학
• /
• 제56권6호
• /
• pp.1211-1234
• /
• 2010

Mule Bone (1931), Zora Neale Hurston's collaboration with Langston Hughes, has been credited as the 'first' attempted by African Americans to create black folk comedy. The proposed research is driven from a question to the recent scholarship's tacit consent on such historic importance imposed on the play. This paper suggests a possibility that De Turkey and De Law (1930), Hurston's edition of the collaboration work, could be the truly first attempt in the tradition of American black folk comedy. By illuminating a series of historical moments in which Hurston first expressed her dream for writing a real black folk comedy that would be a really new departure in the African American drama, then collaborated with Hughes on the dream play project, and eventually quit the collaborationship due to artistic dispute with Hughes, this paper explains why Hughes edition Mule Bone came to remain 'unfinished' and, more importantly, fall short of Hurston's original goal and expectation from the collaboration. On the other hand, this paper sheds light on the significance of often-ignored Hurston's edition De Turkey and De Law by demonstrating how this play, compared to Mule Bone, fulfills her original idea of black folk comedy in terms of contents and themes compared with Mule Bone. Adding to the knowledge about little known behind story related to the Mule Bone controversy and the subsequent birth of the two different editions of the Hurston-Hushes collaboration project, supplementing the dearth of the related research with a critical comparison of the two editions, and discussing the validity of Hurston's edition as the real sense of black folk comedy, this paper argues for the necessity of reconsidering the origin of the mentioned genre. This paper finally concludes that De Turkey and De Law, replacing Mule Bone, deserves a right to be truly the first American black folk comedy genre in the sense that it was completed and copyrighted three months earlier than Mule Bone and that, more importantly, it cherished the original aim and artistic vision of black folk comedy Hurston first planned and expected through the collaboration with Hughes.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.327-339
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to identify the experiences of ethical issues and needs for ethics education in clinical nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used and data were collected in 2013. Participants were 428 clinical nurses working in the general units of seven medical hospitals. The Ethical Issues in Clinical Practice Tool was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 19.0. Results: 'Providing care with a possible risk to your health' was the most frequent and disturbing ethical problems for nurses. The highest helpful ethical topic was 'the patients' right, autonomy and informed consent'. The ethical issue experience was significantly different according to education level, work units, and type of employment. The necessity of ethics education was statistically different according to age, religion, level of education, duration of working as RN, position, shift type, and continuing education about nursing ethics. Conclusion: The results of this study show that nursing educators need to provide practical ethics education based on frequent ethical issues and helpful education topics. These findings can be used in developing effective education strategies for clinical nurses and nursing organizations to improve nurses' ethical decision-making abilities.

• 자동차안전학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.10-15
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the injury mechanism of facial injury related to an air-bag's deployment in occupant motor vehicle accident (MVA) by using Hospital Information System (HIS) and reconstruction program, based on the materials related to motor vehicle accidents. Among patients who visited the emergency department of Wonju Severance Christian Hospital due to motor vehicle accidents from August 2012 to February 2014, we collected data on patients with agreement for taking the damaged vehicle's photos. After obtaining the verbal consent from the patient, we asked about the cause of the accident, information on vehicle involved in the accident, and the location of car repair shop. The photos of the damaged vehicle were taken on the basis of front, rear, left side and right side. Damage to the vehicle was presented using the CDC code by analytical study of photo-images of the damaged vehicle, and a trauma score was used for medical examination of the severity of the patient's injury. Among the 309 patients with agreement for an investigation, thirty five (11.3 %) were the severe who had ISS over 15. And also, sixteen (5.2%) derived from the reconstructed data (maximum collision energy, maximum acceleration, delta V) by PC-Crash. As a result, ISS including the facial injuries was affected by the condition. It was high when the number of crash extent, the safety belt was not fastened, and the seating position of occupant and the direction of collision is same. For accurate analysis of the relationship between occupant injury and vehicle damage in MVAs, build-up of an in-depth database through carrying out various policies for motor vehicle accidents is necessary for sure.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.995-1012
• /
• 2016

IoT 환경에서는 사람들이 인지할 수 없는 다수의 사물들이 자율적으로 데이터를 수집하고 수집된 데이터들은 네트워크를 통해 서로 결합되고 공유될 수 있다. 이로 인해 IoT 상에서는 개인정보보호 측면에서 기존의 IT 환경 대비 새로운 도전 과제들이 존재하게 된다. 본 연구는 IoT 환경에서 발생 가능한 개인정보보호 관련 이슈를 파악하고 이에 대한 대응 방안을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 IoT에서의 다양한 개인정보처리자의 유형들을 분석하고, 개인정보처리자 측면과 정보주체 권리 및 개인정보보호 측면에서의 주요 이슈를 도출하였다. 분석된 이슈를 바탕으로 필요한 제도적 개선 방안(사용자 친화적 고지방안 및 탄력적 동의제도 마련, 개인정보 재식별 위험 모니터링 체계 정립, 국외이전 개인정보보호 표준계약제도 수립, 이용자 교육 강화 등)을 제안하고, 개선안들에 대한 시급성과 중요도를 검토하여 우선적으로 추진해야 할 개선과제가 무엇인지 제시하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.207-215
• /
• 2008

Drug approval-patent linkage is the practice of linking drug marketing approval to the patent status of the originator's product and not allowing the grant of marketing approval to any third party prior to the expiration of the patent term unless by consent of the patent owner. Article 18.9.5 of Korea-US Free Trade Agreement requires that Korea introduce the linkage system in drug marketing approval. However, Korea is unfamiliar with the linkage system. In addition, there have been lots of arguments over the impacts of this system on Korean pharmaceutical industry and pharmaceutical market in the future. This report investigated the linkage systems of the US and Canada. The US and Canada have implemented drug approval-patent linkage system since 1984 and 1993, respectively. Both countries have patent lists for drug approvalpatent linkage on which originators are required to list patents on substance, product, and use of their drugs. Generic or follow-on drug applicants must contain a certification regarding each patent listed that relates to the referenced drug. If the patent holder files suit for patent infringement within 45 days of notice of application, drug approval is not allowed for several months - 30 months in the US and 24 months in Canada. Both countries have amended their systems after having experienced unexpected results such as listing improper and additional patents, multiple patent litigations and delayed generic entries. After reviewing the US and Canada's experiences, we suggested three principles needed in implementing the system: protecting patent holder's right; promoting generic drug development and marketing; monitoring the process and the effect of the system.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2005

비응급상황에 대한 제한적인 구급요청의 거절 및 환자 등의 이송거부로 인한 법적 분쟁으로부터 당해 구급대원을 보호하고 이에 대한 절차를 엄격히 하여 응급환자를 보호하기 위하여 $\ulcorner$구조대 및 구급대 편성$\cdot$운영에 관한 규칙$\lrcorner$이 개정되었다. 이에 대하여 본 논문은 구급대원의 이송거절 거부에 따라 발생할 수 있는 법적 책임으로 응급의료거부죄의 구성요건 해당성을 고찰하고 부작위에 의한 형사책임 및 환자에게 발생한 손해에 대한 국가배상책임의 발생가능성에 대하여 연구하였다. 구급대원을 법적 책임으로부터 보호하기 위해 개정된 규칙의 준수에 있어서 유의해야 할 점과 외국의 판례들을 고려하여 법원의 태도를 살펴보았다. 결론적으로는 구급대원의 법적인 보호를 위해 지도의사의 의료지도 확보 및 적법한 절차를 따라 문서화된 서식을 충실히 기록함으로써 구급대원의 의무에 대한 충실한 이행 및 환자의 동의를 확보하여 이송거절 및 거부에 대한 정당성을 확보하는 것이 중요함을 강조하였다.

• 융합정보논문지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 빅데이터 산업과 디지털 광고 산업의 발전을 위한 비식별개인정보의 활용이라는 측면과 개인정보 보호 측면 사이의 갈등 관점에서 조망해보았다. 본 연구는 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여, 논문, 법조문, 행정 규정, 최근 언론 기사 등 문헌연구 중심으로 진행하였다. 특히 본 연구 주제 관련 국내외 현황과 제도 자료를 심층적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 디지털 맞춤형 광고에서의 비식별개인정보 보호 관련 주요 쟁점으로 '광고표현의 자유와 개인 인격권과의 상충', '식별 불가능한 정보의 개인정보화; '정보의 불균형'에 대해 분석하였으며, 이와 관련 디지털 맞춤형 광고에서의 비식별개인정보 보호 방안으로 '광고표현의 자유와 개인 인격권과의 조화' '고지와 동의 절차의 개선', '개인정보통제권의 강화'를 제안하였다. 본 연구는 현재 디지털 맞춤형 광고에서 비식별개인정보가 활발히 활용되고 있는 상황에서 비식별개인정보의 활용과 개인정보 보호에 대해 살펴보았다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 향후에는 본 연구 주제 관련 사례와 판례 중심으로 분석할 필요가 있다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.597-613
• /
• 2024

마이데이터는 개인데이터 활용 체계의 새로운 패러다임으로, 데이터 주체가 자신의 데이터를 어떻게 사용하고 어디에 제공할 것인지 결정할 수 있다. 데이터 주체의 동의 하에 서비스 제공자는 여러 서비스에 걸쳐 흩어져있는 고객의 데이터를 수집하고 이를 바탕으로 고객 맞춤화된 서비스를 제공한다. 기존의 마이데이터 서비스 모델들에서, 데이터 주체는 데이터 스토리지에 저장된 자신의 개인 정보를 서비스 제공자 또는 제3자의 데이터 프로세서에게 판매할 수 있다. 하지만 개인정보가 한 번 제3자의 프로세서에게 판매되어 그들의 프로세서에 의해 처리될 경우 그 순간부터 데이터를 추적하고 통제할 수 없다는 문제가 발생한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 마이데이터 운영 모델들의 문제점들을 개선하여 데이터 주체에게 더 높은 통제권을 부여하는 클라우드 모델을 제시한다. 동시에, 클라우드 모델과 같이 데이터 스토리지, 컨트롤러, 프로세서가 모두 한 곳에 모여있는 경우 클라우드가 침해될 시 모든 데이터가 한 번에 침해될 수 있다는 점을 고려하여, 이러한 위험을 줄일 수 있도록 클라우드-디바이스 간 협력적 암호화와 클라우드 컴포넌트들 간 격리 기술을 적용한 클라우드 모델 아키텍쳐를 함께 제시한다.