• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.128-133
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Bicycle riding is a healthy and cheap form of transportation and a popular form of recreation. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology and the factors affecting the severity of bicycle-related injuries and to find effective methods for preventing injuries. Methods: This is a retrospective study of the patients'characteristics, the injury severity, the injury location, the effect of safety equipment on the bicycle injury based on information collected through the NEDIS (National Emergency Department Information System) from 1,284,429 patients who visited 55 emergency rooms nationwide. Results: During the research period throughout 55 emergency rooms 5,671 patients were seen because of bicycle injuries. The male-to-female ratio was 3.1:1, the median age 28 years old, and 42.6% of the patients were younger than 20 years old. Injury sites were mostly in the extremities(46.7%), the head(32.4%), and the face(14%), and 70.3% of severely injured patients had accompanying head trauma. Males aged 65 and older was possibly associated with severe head trauma. Of the patients who provided helmet information 4.8%(71patients) used helmets, and 95.2%(1392 patients) did not. In this group of patients providing helmet information, none of those wearing helmets died, but 0.4% of those not wearing helmets died. Conclusion: In this study, most bicycle injuries occurred in young adult men. From now, there seems to be a need for more effort on publicity activities on bicycle injuries and on the education of children and teenagers, who show a high incidence rate, and of senior citizens (over 65 years old) who show a high severity rate, about using a safety helmet to reduce the severity of injury.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2021

Because of the recent expansion of hydrogen vehicle supply, the installation of hydrogen filling station is expected to gradually expand. This study attempts to predict the damage scale and propose a safer design form based on the scenario that assumes the worst case of a hydrogen station. A Flacs solver using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to predict the damage scale, and the accuracy was verified by comparing it with the experimental results of previous researchers. The damage scale prediction was conducted for hydrogen leakage and explosion, and the prediction target was the KR model based on the measured values. And as a comparative review model, a roofless model was selected without a ceiling. As a result of analyzing the two models, it was possible to confirm the accumulation and retention of hydrogen gas up to 60 vol% or more in the KR model, whereas in the case of the Roofless model, the phenomenon of discharge and diffusion to the outside of the charging station by riding the wall after leakage. I was able to check. In conclusion, it was reviewed that the type of hydrogen charging station without ceiling is more advantageous for safety than the hydrogen filling station model.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.8
• /
• pp.3631-3637
• /
• 2013

Gangway bellows in this study is the double wrinkled neoprene rubber component to accept various deviations between the carriage end parts of the articulated type high speed railway vehicle(HSRV). The fatigue failure of the bellows has a harmful effect on the riding comfort for the passengers with the increase of noise and ringing in the ears due to air-tightness failure during pass through a long tunnel. In this study, to assure the safety of gangway bellows of the HSRV, non-linear analysis of the gangway bellows considering triaxial angular displacement(rolling /yawing/pitching) between the carriage end parts are performed. The non-linear properties of the rubber are determined by uniaxial tension and equi-biaxial tension test. Moreover, from the results of non-linear analysis, the effects of the angular displacements and frictional coefficients are evaluated.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2014

Bicycle accidents increase as the number of people riding bicycles increases following the trend try to enhance health and looking for alternative energy sources in the era of high oil price. In bicycle accident cases, physical risk is higher because the impact of the accident has a direct effect on the body of the rider. Therefore, the bicycle rider in an accident might unable to report the accident by themselves, thus, unable to quickly respond to the accident situation. This study developed a system for informing bicycle accidents upon bicycle accident by reporting and texting the accident location using a smart phone application after identifying the accident location using a GPS equipment based on the signal that senses the accident through the system installed in the bicycle for the purpose to improve bicycle riders' safety. This study confirmed the effectiveness of the system developed to quickly respond to the accident to prevent secondary damage through an experiment.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.498-508
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop an aesthetic and functional bicycle wear for new senior women in their 50s and 60s. Based on the results of the survey, we developed bicycle wear that is friendly to bicycling posture and reflects the preference of new senior women. The results are as followed: First, emphasis is placed on the simple and functional design of the experimental wear consisting of jacket and pants. Jacket is different from the color scheme with the armhole princess line in order for the waistline to look slim. Pants are designed to hold the leg muscles tightly in order to help reduce the muscle fatigue on the bicycle ride. Second, cutting lines and coloring materials are used for the wearer to look slim and the safety of the wearer is planned to secure by inserting the reflective material along the cutting lines on the bicycle ride. Third, the pattern of the experimental wear is designed in consideration of the riding motion of the bicycle. Jacket is designed to have back length longer than front length as compared to the bicycle wears available on the market. Sewing lines in the armpit are designed to be eliminated in order to move the arms smoothly on the ride. Pants are designed to minimize the seam line in consideration of the movement of muscles and ligaments and the experimental wear is produced by combining the material with the functions of cool comfort and stretch.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2012

This study provides development information on Omni-Wheel Drive Rider Robot, futuristic electric scooters, with autonomous driving systems that are used for people including the disabled and senior. Also, it is meaningful in suggesting alternatives to replace motorized wheelchairs or electric scooters for the future. Prior to development of Omni-Wheel Drive Rider Robot with autonomous driving systems, it surveyed 49 people, including 18 people who own electric scooters and 31 senior people who have not. The summary of the survey is as follows. First, inconveniences during riding and exiting and short mileage due and safety driving to problems of recharging batteries are the most urgent task. For these problems, the study shows that charging time of batteries, mileage, armrests, footrests, angle of a seat are the primary considerations. Second, drivers prefer joystick over steering wheels because of convenience in one-handed driving against dangers from footrest and carriageways sloping roads, paving blocks. One-handed driving can reduce driving fatigues with automatic stop systems. Moreover, the study suggests many design factors related to navigation systems, obstacle avoidance systems, omni-wheels, automatic cover-opening systems in rainy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.274-281
• /
• 2004

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the injury rates and risk factors for preschool children in Daegu city and Kyungpook province. Method : A questionnaire survey about medically attended injuries during the preschool period was performed in nine primary schools located in Daegu city, Pohang city and Goryung County. The overall injury rate was estimated using person-year. The causes and patterns of the injuries, and their risk factors were examined. Result : A total of 469 medically attended injuries were reported in 330 of the 959 study subjects during the preschool period. The overall annual injury rate was 7.5 per 100 children. The injury rate increased sharply during the period from infant (2.4) to 1 year of age (7.5), and the peak injury rate (9.2) was reported for 5 year olds. The most common causes of injuries were falling (36.0%), followed by being struck by an object (23.7%), and traffic accidents (14.1%). Among the traffic accidents, 72.8% occurred while playing on the road, riding a bicycle or roller-skating. A proportional hazard model showed that males (hazard ratio=1.49, p<0.001 compared with female) and the mother's higher education level (hazard ratio of college or higher= 1.51, p=0.013; high school=1.32, p=0.085 compared with those of middle school or lower) were significant risk factors of childhood injury. Conclusion : The results of this study suggested that efforts for children's safety should be made, especially from the toddler stage, and in male children. To develop a more specific childhood injury prevention program, a surveillance system for injuries should be established. Further study of the relationship between mother's occupation and injury rates is also needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 1998

Many practical control problems for the complex, uncertain or large-scale plants, need to simultaneously achieve a number of objectives, which may conflict or compete with each other. If the conventional optimization methods are applied to solve these control problems, the solution process may be time-consuming and the resulting solution would ofter lose its original meaning of optimality. Nevertheless, the human operators usually performs satisfactory results based on their qualitative and heuristic knowledge. In this paper, we investigate the control strategies of the human operators, and propose a fuzzy model-based multi-objective satisfactory controller. We also apply it to the automatic train operation(ATO) system for the magnetically levitated vehicles(MAGLEV). One of the human operator's strategies is to predict the control result in order to find the meaningful solution. In this paper, Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is used to simulated the prediction procedure. Another str tegy is to evaluate the multiple objectives with respect to their own standards. To realize this strategy, we propose the concept of a satisfactory solution and a satisfactory control scheme. The MAGLEV train is a typical example of the uncertain, complex and large-scale plants. Moreover, the ATO system has to satisfy multiple objectives, such as seed pattern tracking, stop gap accuracy, safety and riding comfort. In this paper, the speed pattern tracking controller and the automatic stop controller of the ATO system is designed based on the proposed control scheme. The effectiveness of the ATO system based on the proposed scheme is shown by the experiments with a rotary test bed and a real MAGLEV train.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.568-580
• /
• 2019

With mobility-as-a-service(MaaS) drawing attention to its influence and ripple effect around the world, the mobility service market is currently growing rapidly mainly focusing on mobility sharing. In order to preemptively dominate the mobility service market following the full-scale spread of MaaS, it is important to first identify the recognition and experience of users in personal mobility sharing services, which are currently in the early stages of diffusion, and through which to understand the characteristics of potential consumers of the extended mobility service market. Therefore, the study aims to classify the user types of mobility service and establish a future user experience-oriented mobility service strategy using a subjectivity study method, Q methodology.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2021

At the present time, the number of accidents has enlarged speedily and in country like India per day there are about 204 accidents occurred. Accidents of two-wheeler compose a foremost segment of every accident and it can be true for the reason that two-wheelers like bikes not able to produce as many as security measurements normally incorporated in cars, truks and bus etc. General main rootcost of the two-wheeler accidents happen only when people community not remember to wearing a device helmet and during the driving time feels like sleep condition, alcohol disbursement, many of the drivers doesn't know heavy vehicles like Loory and buses approaching into very closer to their two wheelers, contravention of two wheelers in traffic rules and regulations. Let's overcome the above situations; our important objective is to develop an intelligent system device that can successfully facilitate in avoidance of every kind of problems. Suppose any of the above stated situations occurs, at that moment how system device identify and represents the commanders and community, and finally the stated situation be able to taken care of straight away without any further delay. A smart intelligent helmet system is a defending head covering used by rider for making bike riding safer than earlier. This is finished by incorporating sophisticated features like detecting the usage of helmet by the rider, connected Bluetooth module in helmet. In order to maintain the temperature inside the helmet device we need to include CPU fan module inside the device. RF based helmet prevents road accidents and identify whether people community is not using a component helmet or used. Main responsibility of the system is to detect accidents by vibration sensors, accelerometers and also with the help of modules global positioning system and global system for mobile commnicaiton module. A wireless communication device used to discover the accident area site location and likewise notifying the two-wheeler drived people's relatives and short message text information passed to the positioned hospitals.