• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.377-383
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• 1996

Interaction of flames in a lean-rich concentration field is studied numerically adopting a counterflow as a model problem. Detailed kinetic mechanism is adopted in analyzing the structure of various type of flames which can be found in lean-rich interaction. Flow field is simplified to quasi one-dimensional by using boundary layer approximation and similarity formulation. Triple flames are identified and its structure shows that a diffusion flame is located in the middle of two premixed flames. Such a diffusion flame is formed by $H_2$ and CO generated from the rich premixed flame and $O_2$ leaked from the lean premixed flame. The flame position can be identified either from the hydrogen production rate or the heat release rate. Transition from single diffusion flame to triple flame is observed as degree of premixing is increased.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2022

The SH3 domain found within a variety of proteins is comprised of generally 60 residues, and participated in protein-protein interactions with proline-rich motifs. Cobll1 was identified as a distinct molecular marker associated with CML progression, and PACSIN2 was discovered a novel Cobll1 binding partner through direct interaction between a SH3 domain of PACSIN2 and three proline-rich motifs of Cobll1. To understand the structural basis of interactions between PACSIN2 and Cobll1, backbone assignments of PACSIN2 SH3 domain were performed. Furthermore, three proline-rich peptides of Cobll1 were titrated to ¹⁵N-labeled PACSIN2 SH3 domain in various ratios. Our chemical shift changes data and conserved SH3 sequence alignment will be helpful to analyze fundamental molecular basis related to the interaction between PACSIN2 and Cobll1.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.491-504
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• 2000

Environmental isotope $^{18}O$, $^{2}H$, $^{3}H$,$^{13}C$, $^{34}S$and $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$) studies on ${CO_2}$-rich waters in the Kangwon Province were carried out to elucidate the origin, residence time, water-rock interaction and mixing process of their. ${\delta}^{18}O$ and ${\delta}D$ data indicate that ${CO_2}$-rich waters were derived from the local meteoric water. It also shows that each type of ${CO_2}$-rich water has distinct isotopic composition and Na-${HCO_3}$ type water (-10.8 to -12.1${\textperthousand}$, ${\delta}^{18}O$ ) is lighter than other type waters. These depleted isotopic values supposedly indicate that, considering the altitude effect of isotope in Korea, the recharge area of Na-${HCO_3}$ type water can be estimated to be relatively higher in elevation than those of Ca-${HCO_3}$ and Ca-Na-${HCO_3}$ type waters. Tritium contents close to zero are observed in the Na-${HCO_3}$ type water, confirming a long residence time and the possibility of a ${CO_2}$ inflow into the aquifer at great depth. These isotope data also show that the Ca-${HCO_3}$ type water has undergone mixing process with surface water during ascending at depth, whereas Na-${HCO_3}$ type water was less mixed with surface waters. The carbon isotope data (-8.8 to ＋0.8 ${\textperthousand}$ ${\delta}^{13}C$) indicate that dissolved carbon in the ${CO_2}$-rich waters was possibly derived from deep seated ${CO_2}$ gas. The high ${\delta}^{34}S$ values (up to 38.1${\textperthousand}$) of dissolved sulfates suggest that sulfate reduction by microbial activity had occurred at depth. Strontium isotopic data ($^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$) of ${CO_2}$-rich waters indicate that the chemistry of the ${CO_2}$-rich waters is determined by water-rock (granite) interaction.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2013

Important role of chemical interaction in flame extinction was numerically investigated in downstream interaction among lean(rich) and lean(rich) premixed as well as partially premixed $H_2$-air and CO-air flames. The strain rate varied from 30 to $5917s^{-1}$ until interacting flame could not be sustained anymore. Flame stability diagrams mapping lower and upper limit fuel concentrations for flame extinction as a function of strain rate are presented. Highly stretched interacting flames were survived only within two islands in the flame stability map where partially premixed mixture consisted of rich $H_2$-air flame, extremely lean CO-air flame, and a diffusion flame. Further increase in strain rate finally converges to two points. Appreciable amount of hydrogen in the side of lean $H_2$-air flame also oxidized the CO penetrated from CO-air flame, and this reduced flame speed of the $H_2$-air flame, leading to flame extinction. At extremely high strain rates, interacting flames were survived only by a partially premixed flame such that it consisted of a very rich $H_2$-air flame, an extremely lean CO-air flame, and a diffusion flame. In such a situation, both the weaker $H_2$-air and CO-air flames were parasite on the stronger diffusion flame such that it could lead to flame extinction in the situation of weakening the stronger diffusion flame. Particular concerns are focused on important role of chemical interaction in flame extinction was also discussed in detail.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2007

The importance of the interaction capability of a robot increases as the application of a robot is extended to a human's daily life. In this paper, a portable mediate interface Handybot is developed with various interaction channels to be used with an intelligent home service robot. The Handybot has a task-oriented channel of an icon language as well as a verbal interface. It also has an emotional interaction channel that recognizes a user's emotional state from facial expression and speech, transmits that state to the robot, and expresses the robot's emotional state to the user. It is expected that the Handybot will reduce spatial problems that may exist in human-robot interactions, propose a new interaction method, and help creating rich and continuous interactions between human users and robots.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.159-170
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• 1999

초정지역에서 산출되는 탄산수에 대한 수리화학적 연구를 수행하였다. 초정탄산수는 낮은 pH(5.0~5.8). 높은 이산화탄소함량($Pco_2$＜$10^{0.31}$atm). 높은 TDS 함량을 갖는 것으로 특징되며. 화학적으로 Ca-$HCO_3$형에 속한다. 탄산수의 화학적특성은 지하수가 심부로 순환하는 과정에서 심부기원의 이산화탄소와의 반응을 통하여 탄산수가 형성되었음을 지시하며. 낮은 pH를 갖는 탄산수는 물-암석(화강암) 반응이 활발히 진행되면서 지화학적으로 진화된 것으로 판단된다. 또한 높은 $NO_3$함량은 탄산수가 천부로 상승되는 과정에서 주변지하수와 혼합된 특성을 지시한다. 초정 탄산수의 진화과정은 이산화탄소의 공급. 물-암석반응 및 혼합작용으로 설명할 수 있다. 이러한 진화과정을 열역화적으로 확인하고자 지화학 반응을 PHREEQC를 이용하여 모델링하였다. 비록 모델링은 사장석자의 반응에 국한되었지만. 탄산수의 진화과정에서 pH 및 Ca와 Na함량 변화양상에 대한 타당한 설명을 제시하고 있다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.71-88
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• 2001

경상지역에서 산출되는 탄산약수 중 신촌약수에 대하여 지화학적 및 동위원소 연구를 수행하였다. 신촌 탄산약수는 높은 $CO_2$분압 ($10^{-0.35}$ ~$10^{0.29}$ atm) 및 높은 총용존이온함량 (835~3,144 mg/L)을 가진 전형적인 탄산수 특성을 보이며 지화학적으로는 Ca (Na)-HCO$_3$형으로 분류된다. 지화학 및 환경동위원소 분석결과는 탄산수내 이산화탄소가 심부기원임을 지시한다. 따라서 심부기원의 $CO_2$에 의해 생성된 탄산수가 다양한 물-암석 반응을 거치면서 주로 심부의 화강암과 반응에 의해 현재의 탄산수로 진화된 것으로 판단된다. 주된 물-암석 반응은 사장석과의 반응이며 방해석의 침전이 수반되면서 Ca의 용존량이 조절되어 Na의 함량이 높아진 것으로 보인다. 이처럼 탄산수의 지화학적 특성은 주로 심부의 화강암과 반응에 의한 특징을 보여주지만 높은 K 및 $SO_4$함량으로 미루어 탄산수가 지표로 상승하는 과정에서 주변모암인 퇴적암과의 반응에 의해서도 일부 영향받은 것으로 추정된다. 또한 탄산수 내 $NO_3$함량 및 삼중 수소함량은 일반 천부지하수의 혼입가능성을 지사하고 있다. 신촌지역 자연수들의 산소 및 수소 동위원소 조성은 전체적으로 지구순환수선과 평행하게 도시되어 순환수 기원으로 추정할 수 있으며, 일부 $CO_2$분압이 높은 탄산수 시료는 동위원소적으로 더 가벼운 $CO_2$가스와 동위원소적으로 재평형을 이루었음을 보여주기도 한다. 탄산수의 탄소 동위원소 조성은 전체적으로 심부기원 $CO_2$의 영역에 해당되며, 심부기원 $CO_2$영역내에서 동위원소적으로 무거운 영역에 속하는 특징을 보인다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권11호
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• pp.694-698
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• 2009

The $Co_{3}Ti$ phase hardens appreciably by the fine precipitation of disordered fcc Co-rich phase upon aging after quenching from solution annealing temperature. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations revealed that the precipitates are platelet in shape, lying nearly parallel to the {100} planes of the $Ll_{2}$-ordered matrix, and perfectly coherent with the matrix lattice at the beginning of aging. The high temperature strength increases appreciably with the fine precipitation of disordered Co-rich phase over the whole temperature range investigated. TEM observations of the under-aged and deformed alloys revealed that superdislocations are pinned by precipitates indicating an attractive interaction between dislocations and precipitates. In the over-aged state, thin twins are introduced in the fcc Co-rich precipitates during deformation.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.569-574
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• 2010

After the beginning of Web2.0 era, newly developed interaction design patterns based on Ajax(Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) have been tried in various Web2.0 services. These new interaction design patterns enable web service to provide rich experience for users. However, it is very hard to find organized task based guideline about Web2.0 interaction design even though there are a lot of complicated interaction design techniques and patterns. It is essential to have Web2.0 interaction guide based on Ajax because it can guide designers to use appropriate interaction design patterns and to keep usability for ordinary users. Therefore, this research aims to establish task based interaction design guideline for Web2.0 service based on Ajax. The reason why this research focused on Ajax is that Ajax is most widely used language for Web2.0 service. First, primary five interaction design patterns were defined through analysis of various interaction design patterns from Web2.0 services. Second, detail interaction design tasks from five major patterns were analyzed based on the study of major Web2.0 services such as Gmail, Twitter, YouTube and Google maps. Third, general design guidelines such as heuristic guidelines for web service are studied through literature review. After all, this study proposed task based interaction design guide for Web2.0 service with Ajax. With this guide, designers and developers can choose appropriate Web2.0 interaction patterns and apply to their service and provide service to users with enhanced usability and satisfaction.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2020

Recently, decades of robust researches on degenerative brain disorder have been highlighted on the interactive connection of gut and brain. In terms of inflammatory cytokine production, others have shown that Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (NOD2) is involved with Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2). HEK293T cells were transiently co-transfected with Myc-tagged LRRK2 and Flag-tagged NOD2 and then followed by co-immunoprecipitation assay. In this study, we provide the novel finding of physical protein-protein interaction between NOD2 and LRRK2. G2019S variant has shown stronger interactions against NOD2 than those of wild type LRRK2. In an axis of NOD2-LRRK2 communication, it is believed to pave a new way in the understanding of the bidirectional molecular mechanism of brain disorder, including Parkinson's disease into gut inflammatory disease, including Crohn's disease.