• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.32-42
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• 1986

Two Tongil type rice varieties and two Japonica rice varieties were prepared and experimented to investigate the effect of physicochemical properties on rice palatibility. Obtained results are as follows; (1) Width and thickness of unhunlled and unpolished grains of Tongil type rices were shorter than those of Japonica type rices and the length of the former was much longer than the latter. (2) Protein contents of Tonsil type varieties were greater than Japonica ones and amylose contents of the former is less than the latter. Alkali digestibility of them showed no significant differences. These means that the qualities of Tongil rices are not less than Japonica ones. (3) Sensory evaluation test showed that Japonica type rices are more excellent than Tongil types in expansion, glutinosity, flavour and taste while the former is inferior to the letter in gloss. (4) Preconceived ideas on the shape of rice seemed to affect most on its palatability.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the varietal differences in leaf senescence and the relationship between leaf senescence and photosynthesis during ripening stage of rice. During grain filling period, leaf senescence was evaluated by SPAD readings (an indirect indicator of chlorophyll content) for 3 rice varieties (SNU-SG1, Hwaseongbyeo, Nampungbyeo). SPAD value of flag leaf and 2nd leaf of SNU-SG1 were much higher than the other varieties and the leaves of SNU-SG1 also showed a tendency of delayed senescence as compared to the other varieties. Photosynthesis at light saturation (Pmax) of flag, 2nd and 3rd leaf in SNU-SG1 during grain filling period were much higher than Hwaseongbyeo and Nampungbyeo. The Pmax of the flag leaf in SNU-SG1 was especially higher over 20% than the other varieties. It was due to its higher mesophyll conductance and stomatal conductance as compared to the other varieties. Pmax, stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance had positive correlation with SPAD value and nitrogen concentration of leaves. In conclusion, the stay green characteristics of SNU-SG1 would contribute to increasing the grain yield through the improved photosynthesis during grain filling.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.62-68
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• 1978

Equilibrium moisture content of rough rice is an important factor because it has a close relationship to storage and drying problems. Determination of the EMC for 10 different varieties of rough rice were made in atmospheres of various constant humidities at three different constant temperatures. In addition , some physical properties were also measured for two different levels of moisture content of the samples. The results may be summarized as follows ; 1. Several physical properties of ten different varieties of rough were measured. Significant difference of the properties was appeared between the varieties in which the difference was pronounced in the dimensions of the varieties. Also, all the dimensions were increased as the moisture content of the rough rice was increased from 14 % to 16%. 2. Significant difference of the equilibrium moisture content was also appeared between some of the varieties in which the equilibrium moisture content of Josaengtongil and Minehikari was 24.26% while that of the others was in the range between 18 to 19% at the conditions of relative humidity of 84% and temperature of 47℃ , respectively. Similar pattern was also observed in other conditions. 3. The values of the constant of Henderson's equation were calculated from the data obtained but they are believed to be useful until more precise and complete data are obtained. There was a good agreement between the calculated and experimental results.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 1984

우리나라 벼 재배품종들의 천립중을 증대시켜 단위면적당 수량능력의 향상을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 수집된 몇가지 대립종들의 수량성 및 주요특성을 소개하고자 시험한 결과 1. 벼알의 무게와 벼알의 길이, 너비, 두께는 유의한 정(+)의 상관을 보였으며 벼 알의 길이와 모양은 정(+)의 상관(r=0.5707 ${\ast}\;{\ast}$)을 보였다. 2. 우러나라 재배품종의 천립중보다 무거온 14대립종들의 천립중과 수당입수, 주당수수, 등숙비율, 총건물중, 정조중, 수확지수간에는 부(-)의 상관을 보였으나 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 3. 이들 대립종의 천립중과 생육일수와는 부(-)의 상관을 보였으나 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 4. 천립중이 상이한 20품종의 천립중과 심복백정도간에는 정(+)의 높은 유의 상관(r =0.8477${\ast}\;{\ast}$)이 인정되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2020

Association mapping is widely used in rice and other crops to identify genes underlying important agronomic traits. Most association mapping studies use diversity panels comprising accessions with various geographical origins to exploit their wide genetic variation. While locally adapted breeding lines are rarely used in association mapping owing to limited genetic diversity, genes/alleles identified from elite germplasm are practically valuable as they can be directly utilized in breeding programs. In this study, we analyzed genetic diversity of 179 rice varieties (161 japonica and 18 Tongil-type) released in Korea from 1970 to 2006 using 192 microsatellite markers evenly distributed across the genome. The 161 japonica rice varieties were genetically very close to each other with limited diversity as they were developed mainly through elite-by-elite crosses to meet the specific local demands for high quality japonica rice in Korea. Despite the narrow genetic background, abundant phenotypic variation was observed in heading time, culm length, and amylose and protein content in the 161 japonica rice varieties. Using these varieties in association mapping, we identified six, seven, ten, and four loci significantly associated with heading time, culm length, and amylose and protein content, respectively. The sums of allelic effects of these loci showed highly significant positive correlation with the observed phenotypic values for each trait, indicating that the allelic variation at these loci can be useful when designing cross combinations and predicting progeny performance in local breeding programs.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2018

Percentage of aerenchyma area has been closely linked with amounts of methane emitted by rice. A diversity panel of 39 global rice varieties were examined to determine genetic variation for root transverse section (RTS), aerenchyma area, and % aerenchyma. RTS and aerenchyma area showed a strong positive correlation while there existed no significant correlation between RTS area and % aerenchyma. Five varieties previously shown to differ in methane emissions under field conditions were found to encompass the variation found in the diversity panel for RTS and aerenchyma area. These five varieties were evaluated in a greenhouse study to determine the relationship of RTS, aerenchyma area, and % aerenchyma with methane emissions. Methane emissions at physiological maturity were the highest for 'Rondo', followed by 'Jupiter', while 'Sabine', 'Francis' and 'CLXL745' emitted the least. The same varietal rank, 'Rondo' being the largest and 'CLXL745' the smallest, was observed with RTS and aerenchyma areas. RTS and aerenchyma area were significantly correlated with methane emissions, r = 0.61 and r = 0.57, respectively (P < 0.001); however, there was no relationship with % aerenchyma. Our results demonstrated that varieties with a larger root area also developed a larger aerenchyma area, which serves as a gas conduit, and as a result, methane emissions were increased. This study suggests that root transverse section area could be used as a means of selecting germplasm with reduced $CH_4$ emissions.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.47-63
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• 1978

This study was conducted to obtain a basic information necessary to assess present rice milling technology in Korea The profiles for milling plants was analyzed by survey work.For the private custom-work mills, which process about 80 percent of domestic rice consumption ,their actual milling test for the identical samples as used for filed mills was conducted. Two rice varieties Japonica and Tongil-type were associated with the experiments. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Analyses for private custom-work mills showed their general aspects as; about 91 percent of the mills belonged to an individual owner ship ; more than 93 percent of the mills was established earlier than 1950 ; about 80 percent of the mills was powered with electric motor; mills having less than two employees were about 75 percent; about 45 percent of the mills provided for warehouse in storing customers cereal grains. 2. The polishers installed in 1,255mills within the surveyed area (7 counties) have been supplied by 44 different domestic manufacturers ;in but about 60 percent of which was supplied by 6major manufacturers. The polishers could be classified into two categories in terms of principles of their polishing actions ;jet-pearler and friction types. About 51 percent of the mills was equipped with the former which has been recognized as giving greater milling recovery than the friction types. 3. Reason for owners of private mills to supplement new machines was due mainly to pgrading their mills to meet the requirements that established by the Government. However, about 60 percent of the mill owners intended to replace with new pearler by their own needs to meet with new high yielding varieties. 4. Processing systems of each previate rice mills surveyed could be classified into three categories, depending upon whether the systems posessed such components as precleaner and paddy separator or not. Only 36.7 percent of mills was installed with both precleanr ad paddy seperrator, 5.0 percent of mills did have neither percleaner nor paddy seperator, and rest of them equipped only one of the two. Hence,it is needed for about 63% of rice miils to be supplemented with these basic facilities to meet with the requirements for the standaized system. 5. Actual milling capacity measured at each field rice mills was shown a wide variation, having range from about 190 to 1,210 kg/hr. The percentages of mills classified according to daily milling capacity based on this hourly capacity were 24.3% for the capacity less than 3 M/T a day; 20.0% for 3-4 M/T; 15.6% for 4-5 M/T; 6.7% for 5-6 M/T; 22.3% for 6-7 M/T; and 11.0% for more than 7 M/T a day. 6. Actual amount of rice processed was about 310 M/T a year in average. About 42% of total milled rice was processed during October to Decembear, which formed a peak demand period for rice mills. The amount of rice milled during January to May was relatively small, but it had still a large amount compared to that during June to September. 7. Utilization rate of milling facility, i. e., percentage of the actual amount of milled rice to the capacity of rice mills, was about 18% on the year round average, about 41% in the peak demand season, and about 10% during June to September. Average number of operating days for mills surveyed was about 250 days a year, and about 21 days a month. 8. Moisture contents of paddy at the time of field mill tests were ranged 14.5% to 19.5% for both Japonica and Tong-i] varieties, majority of paddy grains having moisture level much higher than 1530. To aviod potential reduction of milling recovery while milling and deterioration of milled rice while storage due to these high grain mJisture contents, it may be very important for farmers holding rice to dry by an artificial drying method. 9. Milling recovery of JapJnica varieties in rice mills was 75.0% in average and it was widely ranged from 69.0% to 78.0 % according to mills. Potential increase in milJing recovery of Japonica variety with improvement of mill facilities was estimated to about 1.9%. On the other hand, milling recovery of Tong-il varieties in the field mill tests was 69.8% in average and it ranged from 62% to 77 %, which is much wider than that of Japonica varieties. It is noticed that the average milling recovery of Tong-il variety of 69.8% was much less than that of the Japonica-type. It was estimated th3.t up to about 5.0% of milling recovery for Tong-il variety could be improved by improving the present lo'.ver graded milling technology. 10. Head rice recoveries, as a factor of representing the quality of commercial goods, of Japonica and Tong-il varieties were 65.9% and 53.8% in average, and they were widely ranged from 52% to 73% and from 44% to 65% , respectively. It was assessed that head rice recovery of Japonica varieties can be improved up 3.3% and that of Tong-il varieties by 7.0% by improving mill components and systems.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1985

수도오염지역에 적응하는 수도품종을 선정할 목적으로 10개 장려품종을 공시하여 년중 계속해서 배출되는 복합오염물(SO$_2$, HF)의 영향을 받고 있는 오염지역과 이로부터 7km 떨어져 있는 비오염지역에서 실험을 수행하였으며 엽내오염물함량, 연반률, 수량 및 엽록소함량을 조사, 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 오염지역에서 재배한 벼의 엽내 전류황 및 불소함량이 비오염지역에서보다 많았으며 연반은 오염지역에서만 발생하였는데 다수계품종이 일반계품종보다 연반발생률이 훨씬 높았다. 2. 연반발생률과 오염지역에 대한 비오염지역의 불소함량비율간에는 단상관이 그리고 연반발생률과 불소 및 전류황함량비율간의 중상관은 유의성이 인정되었으나 전류황함량비율과는 관계가 없었다. 3. 공시한 10개 품종중 오염지역에서 수량성이 높았고 비오염지역에 대한 오염지역에서의 수양비율이 높았던 낙동벼. 동진벼, 남풍벼, 서광벼 및 청청벼 둥을 대기오염지역에 적응하는 품종으로 선정할수 있었다. 4. 오염지역에서 생육한 벼는 주당수수, 1,000입중 및 등숙비율이 비오염지역보다 낮았으며 대기오염에 적응하는 품종들은 두 지역간 주당수수 및 등숙비율의 변이가 적었다. 5. 오염지역에서 생육한 벼의 지엽내 엽록소함량은 비오염지역에서의 것보다 낮았는데 엽록소 a가 b보다 대기오염물에 대하여 더 민감한 반응을 보였다. 6. 비오염지역에 대한 오염지역의 품종별 수량비율은 품종의 연반율, 두 지역간 엽내 전류황함량비율, 불소함량비율 및 엽록소함량비율 등과 아무런 관계도 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2010

강정 제조용 최적 찹쌀 품종을 선정을 위해서 찹쌀 10품종의 원료찹쌀과 최적조건 수침찹쌀의 이화학적 특성과 강정의 팽화율, 유지흡수율, 색도, 조직감 등을 분석하였다. 이러한 결과를 주성분분석하여 강정과 이화학적 특성과의 관계를 해석하였다. 품종별 원료찹쌀의 수분함량은 10.8-12.7% 수준이었으며 단백질 함량은 백운찰벼가 9.2%로 가장 높았고 최고점도, breakdown, setback은 백진주벼와 백진주벼1호가 가장 높았다. 최적조건 수침찹쌀($31.5^{\circ}C$, 9일)의 수분함량은 한강찰벼가 가장 높았고 백운찰벼가 가장 낮았으며 단백질 함량은 시료간의 유의적 차이가 없었다. 최고점도와 breakdown은 밀양225호가 가장 높았고 백진주벼가 가장 낮았으며 setback은 백진주벼1호가 가장 높았으며 동진 찰벼, 화선찰벼, 신선찰벼가 가장 낮았다. 원료찹쌀을 수침 시 수분은 증가하였고 단백질, 회분, 무기질은 대부분 감소하였으며 최고점도와 breakdown은 백진주벼와 백진주벼1호를 제외하고는 증가한 반면에 setback은 모든 품종이 감소하였다. 찹쌀 품종별 강정 제조 시 팽화율이 크고 부드럽고 아삭한 강정 제조가 가능한 최적 품종은 신선찰벼, 동진찰벼, 한강찰벼, 백운찰벼, 화선찰벼, 밀양210호, 밀양225호, 상남밭벼 순이었다. 반면 팽화가 잘 일어나지 않고 단단한 조직감을 지닌 백진주벼와 백진주벼1호는 강정 제조용으로 부적합한 품종이었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.541-547
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• 2012

This study was performed to compare the processing aptitudes of the rice muffins produced from the seven rice varieties, including Goami, Goami 2, Deuraechan, Baegjinju, Seolgaeng, Haiami and Hanareum, along with the use of hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses (HPMCs) as a replacement for the egg white. The water binding capacity of rice flours was significantly higher than that of wheat flour, but its fat binding capacity was lower than that of wheat flour (p<0.05). In the viscosity of the batter, Goami and Baegjinju were lower than that of the wheat flour. There was no significant difference in the specific gravity of Seolgaeng and the batter of wheat flour. The pH of all varieties except Goami 2 was higher than batter of wheat flour(p<0.05). Haiami flour produced higher muffin volume and specific volume compared with the wheat flour muffin. The textural characteristics, the muffins produced by Haiami and Hanareum flours had significantly lower hardness than the wheat flour muffin after 30 hours. All rice varieties except Gaomi 2 showed no significant difference compared to the wheat flour muffin in color, taste and texture (p<0.05). Furthermore, flavor of muffins produced from the Seolgaeng, Haiami and Hanareum flours tested higher than the wheat flour muffin. It was concluded that the rice varieties of Seolgaeng, Goami, Haiami and Hanareum were considered to be the most suitable rice cultivars for the rice muffins.