• Title/Summary/Keyword: Rice paddy

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Over-wintering of the Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) and Its Over-wintering Habitat in the Yeongnam District (영남지역의 왕우렁이 월동 및 월동처)

  • Kim, Hyun-Ju;Bae, Soon-Do;Lee, Geon-Hwi;Park, Sung-Tae;Park, Chung-Gyoo;Park, Hyeong-Man
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.437-444
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    • 2007
  • The effect of environmental factors on the over-wintering success of the apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, which is considered as unable to hibernate during winter climate in Korea. This study was examined to determine the location of over-wintering habitats in the agricultural water system related with weed control using the apple snail in rice paddy field in the Yeongnam district from 2003 to 2006. Over-wintering success of the apple snail was observed at Hadong, Hapchen, Sanchung, Kimhae, Milyang, Changwon, Ulsan, Busan, Gyengju, Pohang, Chilgok, Seongju, Gumi, Sangju and Youngju in Yeongnam area. And the over-wintering locations of apple snail going north year by year. Accordingly, the successful over-wintering sites observed were deep wells, water running canals and brooks not dried conditions. A special feature of this sites was that the water of this sites was not frozen during winter season.

Studies on the Growth of Excised Root between Indica- Japonica Hybrids and Japonica Type in Paddy Rice (통일형수도와 일본형수도에 있어서 종근.분리근의 생육에 관한 연구)

  • 김진호;서인석;이성춘
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.147-154
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    • 1989
  • The experiments were carried out to compare the growth characteristics of excised seminal roots in Japonica type, Indica- Japonica hybrids and its parents. Based on the modified culture medium by Kawata et al., several levels of pH. sucrose and casamino acid were varied in the culture media. The excised root length at 27$^{\circ}C$ incubator was little different between Japonica type and Indica-Japonica hybrids, but at 30$^{\circ}C$ incubator the excised root elongation of Indica-Japonica hybrids was much better than that of Japonica type. The dry matter weight of excised root in Indica- Japonica hybrids was significantly heavier than in Japonica type at both 27 and 30$^{\circ}C$ incubators. The difference of dry root weight between Japonica type and Indica- Japonica hybrids was caused from the number of lateral roots, especially the root numbers of 25 cm length. The main and lateral seminal root growth of Japonica type grew best at the lot of 0.2 percent casamino acid. However, the lots of 0 and 0.2 percent casamino acid showed good results in the main and lateral excised root growth. respectively of Indica-Japonica hydrids. The growth of excised roots was better in Indica-Japonica hybrids than in Japonica type at even various levels of pH, sucrose and casamino acid. Between the parents of Indica - Japonica hybrids, the excised root growth of Indica type was more predominant than that of Japonica type, and the effect of casamino acid on the excised root growth in the formar was similar to that of Indica type. This result indicated that the growth characteristics of excised seminal roots in Indica Japonica hybrids were derived from the parent, Indica type.

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Herbicidal Activity and Persistency in Aqueous Solution of Ortho Disubstituted Benzenesulfonyl Urea Derivatives (새로운 Ortho 이치환 Benzenesulfonyl Urea 유도체의 제초활성과 수용액중의 잔류성)

  • Kim, Yong-Jip;Chang, Hae-Sung;Kim, Dae-Whang;Sung, Nack-Do
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.570-576
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    • 1995
  • The new sixteen herbicidal N-2-(1-hydroxy-2-fluoroethyl)-6-substituted(X)-benzenesulfonyl-N'-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidinyl-2-yl urea derivatives(S) were synthesized and thier herbicidal activities$(pI_{50})$ in vivo against rice(Orysa Sativa L.), Barnyard grass(Echninochloa orizicola) and Bulrush(Scirpus juncoides) were measured by the pot test under paddy conditions. The structure activity relationship(SAR) were studied using the physicochemical parameters of ortho-substituents(X) and hydrolysis rate constant(logk) and herbicidal activities by the multiple regression technique. The SAR suggested that the herbicidal activities were more dependant on the hydrolysis rate constant(logk>0) than the steric constants $(Es, small width($B_4$) and length($L_1$). Among them, halogens(2 & 5), methyl(15) and non(H) substituent(1) showed higher herbicidal activity for weeds which was not tolerent to rise and weeds. The herbicidal activity was increased and the persistency in aqueous solution was decreased by electron donating(${\sigma}0<0$) groups as ortho-substituent(X). From the relationship equation between herbicidal activity and hydrolysis rate constant, it was assumed that the both reactions would be proceeds with similar process. And the conditions on the ortho substituents to show higher herbicidal activity and the persistency in aqueous solution were also discussed.

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Fresh-water Algae Occurred in Paddy Rice Fields - V. Fertilizer Response and Chemical Control (논발생(發生) 담수조류(湛水藻類)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) - V. 시비반응(施肥反應) 및 방제(防除))

  • Lee, H.K.;Park, J.E.;Ryu, G.H.;Lee, J.O.;Park, Y.S.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 1993
  • The experiments were conducted in order to find out the response of algae as affected by fertilizer and salinity, and to determine the chemical control method of algae in 1991. The higher the nitrogen fertilizer level, the more the occurrence of a blue-green alga Oscillatoria concerning with soil flakes. An increase in phosphorus fertilizer level stimulated the growth of green alga Hydrodictyon, whereas an increase in nitrogen level caused its abrupt reduction due to the harmful effect at high concentration of nitrogen, The high level of nitrogen fertilizer also reduced the growth of Euglena, although the detrimental effect was less compared with that of Hydrodictyon. A blue-green alga Oscillatoria, a green alga Cladophora and a diatom Navicula were tolerant to salinity. Piperophos/dimethametryn was highly effective in controlling various algae such as a green alga Hydrodictyon, suspended unicellular green algae and Euglena species. A fungicide propineb and copper sulfate also effectively controlled Hydrodictyon.

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Classification According to Site of Action of Paddy Herbicides Registered in Korea (국내 수도용 제초제의 작용기작별 분류)

  • Park, Jae-Eup;Kim, Sang-Su;Kim, Young-Lim;Kim, Min-Ju;Ha, Heun-Young;Lee, In-Yong;Moon, Byung-Chul;Ihm, Yang-Bin
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.165-173
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    • 2014
  • This review study was conducted to recommend the effective use of herbicide mixtures in Korea. The herbicide ingredients by Herbicide Resistancce Action Committee (HRAC) was classified into 23 groupes according to the mode of action (acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors, acetolactate synthase, photosystem I and II inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors, carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors, glutamine synthetase inhibitors, dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitors, mitosis inhibitors, cellulose inhibitors, oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers, fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, synthetic auxins, auxin transport inhibitors and potential nucleic acid inhibitors or non-descript mode of action). The rice herbicide mixtures registered in Korea were classified based on the guideline of HRAC. Accordingly, such a classification system for resistance management can help to avoid continuous use of the herbicide having the same mode of action in the same field.

Distribution of Habitats and Ecology of Weedy Melons (Cucumis melo var. agrestis Naud.) in Korea (우리나라 야생잡초 참외의 자생지 분포지역 및 생태)

  • Lee, Woo-Sung
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.652-655
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    • 2013
  • Natural habitats of weedy melons were distributed on the islands along and on the west and south coasts of Korean peninsula including Boryeong, Seosan (Taean), Seocheon, Okgu, Buan, Gochang, Yeonggwang, Muan, Shinan, Haenam, Jindo, Wando, Goheung, Yeocheon, Hadong, Namhae, Goseong, Tongyeong, Geoje, and Jeju islands including Jeju city, Bukjeju-gun and Nam Jeju-gun. Weedy melons were found growing wildly in or around the cultivated lands in these regions. Natural habitats of weedy melons were in and around the cultivated lands. Weedy melon plants were found most often in soybean fields, followed by fields of mungbean, sweet potato, pepper, sesame, cotton, and peanuts. The plants were also found growing wild in foxtail millet fields, rice paddy levees along the streams, upland field edges, watermelon fields, corn fields, vegetable gardens near farmhouse, orange fields, compost piles, fallow fields, roadside and home gardens. They inhabited in sunny and a little dry spaces in relatively low-height crop plant fields in general. The time of fruit maturity was from early July to late October with the most frequency in September according to post survey answer. Fruits dropped off from the fruit stalk when matured. This phenomenon was thought beneficial for perpetuation in the wild. The fruits were being used commonly for food and toys for children. It was thought that weedy melons were perpetuating through the cycle of human and animal feeding of the fruits, human and animal droppings, often mixed in compost, and application of the compost to crop fields by human.

Effects of Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Different Application Method on Occurrence of Leaf and Neck Blast (질소시용량(窒素施用量) 및 시용방법(施用方法)이 도열병발현(稻熱病發現)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Ahn, Sang-Bae;Ahn, Yoon-Soo;Lee, Choon-Soo;Huh, Beom-Lyang
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.386-391
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    • 1985
  • In sandy paddy soil, the occurrence of leaf and neck blast was investigated depending upon nitrogen fertilizer application level of 10, 15, 20kg per 10a and different application method of surface application, whole layer application and integrated improvement. An occurrence of leaf and neck blast was significantly increased with increasing nitrogen application up to. 20kg/10a. Also a close relation between leaf and neck blast was observed. Effect of fungicides on blast control was 62.5-93.5 percent compared to those of no fungicides. Yield of unhulled rice was 604kg/10a in plots of no fungicides, however, it was 719kg/10a in plots with fungicides. Yield loss was 15.6% in case of blast infection.

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Crop Monitoring Technique Using Spectral Reflectance Sensor Data and Standard Growth Information (지상 고정형 작물 원격탐사 센서 자료와 표준 생육정보를 융합한 작물 모니터링 기법)

  • Kim, Hyunki;Moon, Hyun-Dong;Ryu, Jae-Hyun;Kwon, Dong-Won;Baek, Jae-Kyeong;Seo, Myung-Chul;Cho, Jaeil
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.37 no.5_1
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    • pp.1199-1206
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    • 2021
  • Accordingly, attention is also being paid to the agricultural use of remote sensing technique that non-destructively and continuously detects the growth and physiological status of crops. However, when remote sensing techniques are used for crop monitoring, it is possible to continuously monitor the abnormality of crops in real time. For this, standard growth information of crops is required and relative growth considering the cultivation environment must be identified. With the relationship between GDD (Growing Degree Days), which is the cumulative temperature related to crop growth obtained from ideal cultivation management, and the vegetation index as standard growth information, compared with the vegetation index observed with the spectralreflectance sensor(SRSNDVI & SRSPRI) in each rice paddy treated with standard cultivation management and non-fertilized, it was quantitatively identified as a time series. In the future, it is necessary to accumulate a database targeting various climatic conditions and varieties in the standard cultivation management area to establish a more reliable standard growth information.

Post-2020 Emission Projection and Potential Reduction Analysis in Agricultural Sector (2020년 이후 농업부문 온실가스 배출량 전망과 감축잠재량 분석)

  • Jeong, Hyun Cheol;Lee, Jong Sik;Choi, Eun Jung;Kim, Gun Yeob;Seo, Sang Uk;Jeong, Hak Kyun;Kim, Chang Gil
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.233-241
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    • 2015
  • In 2014, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreed to submit the Intended Nationality Determined Contributions (INDCs) at the conference of parties held in Lima, Peru. Then, the South Korean government submitted the INDCs including GHGs reduction target and reduction potential on July, 2015. The goal of this study is to predict GHGs emission and to analyze reduction potential in agricultural sector of Korea. Activity data to estimate GHGs emission was forecast by Korea Agricultural Simulation Model (KASMO) of Korea Rural Economic Institute and estimate methodology was taken by the IPCC and guideline for MRV (Measurement, Reporting and Verification) of national greenhouse gases statistics of Korea. The predicted GHGs emission of agricultural sectors from 2021 to 2030 tended to decrease due to decline in crop production and its gap was less after 2025. Increasing livestock numbers such as sheep, horses, swine, and ducks did not show signigicant impact the total GHGs emission. On a analysis of the reduction potential, GHGs emission was expected to reduce $253Gg\;CO_{2-eq}$. by 2030 with increase of mid-season water drainage area up to 95% of total rice cultivation area. The GHGs reduction potential with intermittent drainage technology applied to 10% of the tatal paddy field area, mid-drainage and no organic matter would be $92Gg\;CO_{2-eq}$. by 2030.

Process of change and cause of the perform a play on the stage of the Duhak nongak(農樂) in Jecheon (제천시 두학동 상풍마을 농악(農樂)의 변천 과정과 연희화(演戱化))

  • Choi, Ja-Un
    • (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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    • no.32
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    • pp.371-397
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    • 2016
  • The function of the Duhak nongak(農樂) in Jecheon consist of Ceremony, Labor, and Entertainment. Before the commemorative rites for village god village people beat a small gong. This is a evidence of the drive away evil spirits in New Year's Eve of the lunar year. Before harden house site village peoples beat musical instrument noisily. In order to press hard the god of the earth they play musical instrument. Musical instrument not a simple musical instrument, but a purify and wish tool. When weeding a rice paddy Durae organized in Sangpung village. Durae are less effective than communal sharing of labor in weeding effect. Nonetheless, Nongak carried out core function in Durae. In order to participate Nonngak concours, peoples made a Pangut. From independence to 1970s people combine traditional nongak and Pangut. Since then village people played Pangut. From 1990s Pangut was played by Duhak Nonngak Preservation Association. Through the participation Nonngak concours, Duhak nongak was regrouped. Finally this nongak prepared Taeguk-jin, Snail-jin, Cross-jin, Sabang-jin, Sanggyeonrae Bans anggyeonrae-jin, Palbang-jin, Rope making and individual play. Duhak Nonngak promptly met the needs of the times. So, they could play Pangut. The feature of the Duhak Nonngak is that active cognition, highly skilled musician a patron and scouting a competent leader.