• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2011

This study was conducted to find a method using the application of rice bran and mixed expeller cake at machine transplanting rice paddy field. Different ratios of rice bran and mixed expeller cake were sprayed as substitute of chemical fertilizer (nitrogen 90kg $ha^{-1}$) before transplanting. Nitrogen content was highest in 30th day after transplantation, and in relation to treatments the order was the following: Rice bran 1,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 1,374kg $ha^{-1}$ > rice bran 2,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 948kg $ha^{-1}$ > rice bran 3,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 522kg $ha^{-1}$. Number of panicle and spikelets per $m^{-2}$ was higher in rice bran 1,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 1,374kg $ha^{-1}$ and rice bran 2,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 948kg $ha^{-1}$ than in rice bran 3,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 522kg $ha^{-1}$ and the yields was the highest in rice bran 1,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 1,374kg $ha^{-1}$.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2007

The special project was conducted at the cooperative farm where located at Yakjeon-ri Sukcheon-gun Pyeongannam-do, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. This farm was firstly introduced a newly developed technology-"Bokto seeding technology" for rice cultivation from the Republic of Korea. Total acreage of rice paddy field cultivated by this technology was 800ha and the average yield was 7.17t/ha with paddy rice which was higher by 109.2% than that of the transplanting method for rice cultivation. In general rice disease was decreased at the Bokto seeded rice plant compared to the transplanted rice plant and root activity was higher in Bokto seeded rice. Optimum seeding amount was determined at rate of 90kg/ha in Pyeongdo 5(early ripening variety) and 110kg/ha at Pyeongdo 11(medium ripening variety) and Pyeongyang 43(late ripening variety), respectively. A recommended sowing time was within late April for late ripening variety like Pyeongyang 43, May 1-5 for medium ripening variety, and May 5-15 for early ripening variety.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.575-578
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• 2013

Rice cultivation in the paddy field and the burning of crop residues have been identified as the important sources of methane emission in agricultural sector. This study aimed at assessment of the methane emission from croplands in the year of 2011 with the IPCC guideline methodology. Methane from rice cultivation was emitted 6,813 $CO_2$-eq Gg in 2011. According to the water management, methane emission amounts by continuously flooded and intermittently flooded were 1,499 and 5,314 $CO_2$-eq Gg, respectively. Methane emission by crop residues burning was highest in red pepper and followed by rice straw, pulses and barely in 2011. Methane emission by field burning was very little compared with rice cultivation.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2018

This study was done to develop environmental risk assessments and a biosafety guide for insect-resistant genetically modified rice at a LMO (Living Modified Organism) isolation field. In the LMO quarantine area of Kyungpook National University, the species diversities and population densities of non-target insects found on insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9) resistant to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and on non-GM rices (Dongjin and Ilmi) were investigated. The Bt-9 event was therefore evaluated under field conditions to detect possible impacts on the above ground insects and spiders. The study compared transgenic rice and two non-GM reference rices, Ilmi and Dongjin, at Gunwi in Southern Korea in 2016. Each rice was grown on three $18m^2$ plots with a randomized block design. A total of 4,243 individuals from 43 families and 9 orders were collected from the LMO isolation field. In the three types of rice fields, a total of 1,467 individuals from the insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9), 1,423 individuals from the Ilmi, and 1,353 individuals from the Dongjin were collected, respectively. There was no difference between the population densities of the non-target insect pests, natural enemies and other insects on the insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9) and non-GM rices. These results provide the diversity and population density of non-target insects for an environment risk assessment survey on insect-resistant genetically modified rice and could be used as a guideline to make a biosafety assessment method for genetically modified crops.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate sediment yield reduction under various field slope conditions with rice straw mat. The Vegetative Filter Strip Model-W (VFSMOD-W) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) were used for simulation of sediment yield reduction effect of rice straw mat. The Universe Soil Loss Equation Practice factor (USLE P factor), being able to reflect simulation of rice straw mat in the agricultural field, were estimated for each slope with VFSMOD-W and measured soil erosion values under 5, 10, and 20 % slopes. Then with the regression equation for slopes, USLE P factor was derived and used as input data for each Hydrological Response Unit (HRU) in the SWAT model. The SWAT Spatially Distributed-HRU (SD-HRU) pre-processor module was utilized, moreover, in order to consider spatial location and topographic features (measured topographic features by field survey) of all HRU within each subwatershed in the study watershed. Result of monthly sediment yield without rice straw mat (Jan. 2000 - Aug. 2007) was 814.72 ton/month, and with rice straw mat (Jan. 2000 - Aug. 2007) was 526.75 ton/month, which was reduced as 35.35 % compared without it. Also, during the rainy season (from Jun. to Sep. 2000 - 2007), when without vs. with rice straw mat, monthly sediment indicated 2,109.54 ton and 1,358.61 ton respectively. It showed about 35.60 % was reduced depending on rice straw mat. As shown in this study, if rice straw mat is used as a Best Management Practice (BMP) in the sloping fields, rainfall-driven sediment yield will be reduced effectively.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2012

본 연구는 논습지를 이용하는 수조류의 서식지 이용과 개체군 특성을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 2009/2010년과 2011/2012년에 걸쳐 아산만 일대의 논을 대상으로 매월 2회씩 조사를 수행한 결과 총 35종의 수조류가 관찰되었다. 수조류의 논이용은 분류군에 따라 시기적으로 차이가 있지만, 분류군에 상관없이 대부분 논을 취식지로 이용하였다. 도요물떼새류는 봄철이동시기(4월-5월)에 담수화된 본답을 주로 이용하였다. 백로류는 논을 4월에서 10월까지 이용하였으며, 논의 상태변화에 따라 본답, 논둑, 수로 등을 고루 이용하였다. 논은 백로류의 번식에 필요한 충분한 먹이를 제공하는 서식지이다. 오리기러기류는 월동기간(11월-3월)동안 추수 후 떨어진 낙곡을 취식하기 위해 논을 이용하였다. 결과적으로 주기적으로 뚜렷한 환경변화를 갖는 논 생태계는 시기에 따라 다양한 수조류의 서식지를 제공하고 있다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1992

논-쌀-사람 경로에서 동적모델을 이용하여 Cs-137과 Sr-90의 거동을 분석하고 쌀 섭취에 의한 내부피폭 선량을 계산하였다. 토양 흡착력이 큰 Cs-137이 더 오랫동안 논 토양에 잔류하였다. 벼 성장기간 중에 침적이 있을 때는 엽면침적경로에 의한 오염이 지배적이었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.112-112
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• 2017

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most serious diseases that affect the quantity and quality of rice production. The use of resistant rice varieties would be the most effective way to control the rice blast. However R gene incorporation into the rice variety takes time and pathogen could overcome the R gene effects after for a while. For monitoring the rice blast resistance gene distribution in Korean varieties, the four major blast resistance genes against M. oryzae were screened in a number of Korean rice varieties using molecular markers. Of the 120 rice varieties tested, 40 were found to contain the Pi-5 gene, 25 for the Pi-9 gene, 79 for Pi-b and 40 for the Pi-ta gene. None of these rice varieties includes tested 4 R genes. 3 R genes combination, Pi-5/Pi-9/Pi-b, Pi-5, Pi-9.Pi-ta, or Pi-9/Pi-b/Pi-ta were found in 12 varieties, the rice blast disease severity were showed as resistant in the rice verities containing Pi-9/Pi-b/Pi-ta R genes combination, respectively. Also pathogenic diversity of M. oryzae isolates collected in the rice field from 2004 to 2015 in rice field in Korea were analyzed using rice blast monogenic lines, each harboring a single blast resistance gene. Compatibility of blast isolates against rice blast monogenic lines carrying the resistance genes Pi5, Pi9, Pib, and Piz showed dynamic changes by year. It indicates that pathogen has high evolutionary potential adapted host resistances to increase fitness and would lead to rice blast resistance bred into the cultivar becoming ineffective eventually.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1991

The purpose of the this study was to investigate and analyze the various statistical data on the actual state of farmland uses given in Korea and Hokkaido of Japan. The results of this research are as follows ; 1. The rate of farmland uses was marked 118% and 99% in Korea and Hokkaido of Japan in 1988, respectively. That of Korea was higher than that of Hokkaido of Japan. The tendency of the value for Korea has been decreased since the value was shown peak in 1980, but that of the value for Hokkaido was found gradually the increased value. It was analyzed that the reason why the value was decreased in Korea was referred to avoid the crops culture, and the reason why the value was increased in Hokkaido was dueto increase the area of pasture. 2. The farmland use system according to region were d ue to be the mixing pattern of rice culture and dry-field crops in East region of korea and the type of mainly rice culture in West region. The pattern of farmland use system was used to be performed mainly the rice culture in Central region, the mixing type of rice culture and dry-field crops in South region, and the agriculture of mainly dry-field crops and dairy in East-North region in Hokkaido. 3. In the light of the rate of planting, the rate of rice culture and dry-field crops were 49% and 51% in Korea, respectively. As the values were 13% and 87% in Hokkaido of Japan, respectively, the dry-field crops attained the superiority. The main crop kinds was shown the rice culture in Korea and the feed plant in Hokkaido of Japan, respectively. 4. In considering the above results, there are much differences in agricultural style and industrialization processes in both country Korea and Japan. Especially much more differences were evident from farmland use system of Hokkaido Island where had unique agricultural style in Japan.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1672-1681
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• 2002

To evaluate the thermal environments and the workload of farmers in the rice field in summer, this study investigated rice farmers' physiological, psychological responses, work postures, work clothes, air temperature and air humidity during the spraying pesticide in the rice field. Five career farmers (3 males, 2 females) volunteered as the subjects. During the spraying pesticide in the rice field, physiological responses were monitored continuously. The results were as follows. l. Farmers wore only raincoats not pesticide-proof clothing. 2. The value of WBGT, rectal temperature($T_{re}$), mean skin temperature(${\={T}}_{sk}$) were $24.9∼28.9^{\circ}C,\;37.8({\pm}0.3)^{\circ}C\;and\;33.6({\pm}0.6)^{\circ}C$, respectively. Clothing microclimate temperature($T_{cl}$) on the chest and back were $32.5({\pm}2.6)^{\circ}C\;and\;33.6({\pm}2.6)^{\circ}C$, respectively(p<0.00l). Humidity inside of the clothing ($H_{cl}$) was over 80%RH and heart rate(HR) was 112(${\pm}27$)bpm. We evaluated that the spraying pesticide was 'heavy work' by the Tre and HR. To four subjective questionnaires, all farmers expressed 'hard, hot, humid and uncomfortable' without individual difference at the end of works. We suggested that 1) the spraying pesticide in the rice field was a heavy work, 2) because the workload of farmers in the raincoat/pesticide-proof clothing can't be evaluated by only WBGT, assessors should measure physiological, psychological responses as well as thermal environments, 3) to alleviate farmers' heat strain, clothing manufacturers must consider not only the improvement of textile materials and clothing weight but also the designing of personal cooling equipment.