• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2015

We evaluated the effects of rice distillers dried grain (DDG) as a partial replacement for fish meal in the practical diet on growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 0%, 7%, 14%, 21%, 28%, and 35% DDG (designated DDG0, DDG7, DDG14, DDG21, DDG28, and DDG35, respectively). Three replicate groups of juvenile olive flounder averaging $9.6{\pm}0.2g$ were fed one of the experimental diets to visual satiety twice daily for 8 weeks. Neither survival nor daily feed intake was affected by the dietary DDG levels. Weight gain of the flounder fed the DDG28 and DDG35 diets was lower than that of flounder fed the DDG7 diet. The feed efficiency of flounder fed the DDG28 diet was lower than that of flounder fed the DDG0, DDG7, and DDG14 diets. The protein efficiency ratio of flounder fed the DDG28 diet was lower than that of flounder fed the DDG7 diet. The proximate composition of muscle was not affected by the dietary DDG levels. The plasma contents of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, phospholipid, and triglyceride were not affected by the dietary DDG levels. The results of this experiment suggest that DDG has the potential to replace fish meal and could be used up to 21% DDG without any negative effects on the growth and feed utilization of juvenile flounder.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2020

This study assessed the effects of a dietary non-genetically modified organism (non-GMO) source on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of grower-finisher pigs. The dietary treatments were 1) rice-soybean meal-based control diet and 2) rice and non-GMO soybean meal-based diet. In the experiment 1, 60 growing pigs (initial body weight [BW] = 23.76 ± 3.42 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments with 6 pigs·pen^-1 (5 replications) for 6 weeks. In experiment 2, 48 finishing pigs (initial BW = 64.31 ± 6.17 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups with 4 pigs·pen^-1 (6 replications) for 6 weeks. Measurements were the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain-to-feed ratio (G : F), and nutrient digestibility. The growth performance was measured at the beginning and end of each period. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined by chromium oxide as an indigestible marker during the last 7 days of each experiment. During the grower period, pigs fed the diet containing the non-GMO soybean meal had a higher (p < 0.05) ADFI than those fed the control diet; however, there were no differences between the dietary treatments in the ADG, G : F, and ATTD. Moreover, the dietary treatments did not affect the ATTD and growth performance of the finishing pigs. In conclusion, the inclusion of non-GMO soybean meal in the diet had no negative effects on the growth rate and nutrient digestibility, indicating that non-GMO soybean meal can be used in diet formulations with other feed ingredients and be a substitute for conventional soybean meal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1364-1373
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• 2012

Four crossbred (75% Holstein Friesian) lactating dairy cows, with an average live weight of $418{\pm}5$ kg and $36{\pm}10$ d in milk were randomly assigned according to a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to evaluate the effects of cassava hay (CH) and rice bran oil (RBO) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk yield, and milk composition. Factor A was non-supplementation or supplementation with CH in the concentrate. Factor B was supplementation with RBO at 0% or 4% in the concentrate mixture. The four dietary treatments were (T1) control (Concentrate with non-CH plus 0% RBO; C), (T2) Concentrate with CH plus 0% RBO (CH), (T3) Concentrate with non-CH plus 4% RBO (RBO), and (T4) Concentrate with CH plus 4% RBO (CHRBO). The cows were offered concentrate, at a ratio of concentrate to milk production of 1:2, and urea-lime treated rice straw was fed ad libitum. Urea-lime treated rice straw involved 2.5 g urea and 2.5 g $Ca(OH)_2$ (purchased as hydrated lime) in 100 ml water, the relevant volume of solution was sprayed onto a 100 g air-dry (91% DM) straw, and then covering the stack with a plastic sheet for a minimum of 10 d before feeding directly to animals. The CH based concentrate resulted in significantly higher roughage intake and total DM intake expressed as a percentage of BW (p<0.05). Ruminal pH, $NH_3$-N, BUN and total VFA did not differ among treatments, while RBO supplementation increased propionate, but decreased acetate concentration (p<0.05). Furthermore, the population of total ruminal bacteria was significantly lower on the RBO diet (p<0.05). In contrast, the total ruminal bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria on the CH diet were higher than on the other treatments. Supplementation with CH increased (p<0.05) F. succinogens and R. flavefaciens populations, whereas the populations of B. fibrisolvens and M. elsdenii were increased on the RBO diet. In addition, supplementation with CH and RBO had no effect on milk production and composition in dairy cows, while fatty acid composition of milk was influenced by RBO supplementation, and resulted in significantly lower (p<0.05) concentrations of both short-chain and medium-chain FA, and increased (p<0.05) the proportion of long-chain FA in milk fat, as well as significantly increased cis-9, trans-11 CLA and total CLA. In conclusion, RBO or CH exhibited specific effects on DMI, rumen fermentation, microbial population, milk yield and composition in lactating dairy cows, which were not interactions between CH and RBO in the diets. Feeding lactating dairy cows with RBO could improve fatty acid in milk fat by increasing cis-9, trans-11 CLA.

• 멤브레인
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2002

씻어나온 쌀(무세미) 생산공정 중 발생하는 쌀뜨물 중 함유된 유효성분, 특히 단백질 회수를 위한 분리막 공정에 관하여 검토하였다. 먼저 dead-end형 Amicon 여과셀을 이용하여 단백질 농축에 적절한 분리막을 선정하였으며 이를 토대로 중공사형 한외여과 모듈 또는 가정용 정수기에 사용되는 나권형 나노여과 및 역삼투 모듈을 이용한 투과실험을 행하였다. 그 결과, 분획분자량이 10,000 dalton인 한외여과막은 쌀뜨물내 유효성분 내지는 단백q질을 농축하기에 적절하지 않았다. 그러나 역삼투 또는 나노여과 모듈에 9% 가량의 단백질이 함유된 원료용액을 250%까지 농축할 경우, 역삼투 모듈 농축액중에 단백질의 농도는 22%로서 약 2.4배가 농축되었으며 나노여과 모듈의 경우는 약 2배까지 단백질을 농축할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.794-798
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• 2004

An attempt was made to improve the efficiency of growth and lactation performance of dairy heifers subjected to a stair-step growth scheme using rice straw as the sole roughage source. Twenty-four young Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to either control or test group. The control diet met the National Research Council (NRC) requirement, with heifers calving at 24 to 26 mo of age. The test group was individually fed according to a schedule of 3, 2, 4, 2, 5 and 2 mo in which feed intake was alternately 20% below or 25% above the NRC requirements. Heifers on the stair-step growth pattern gained more body weight and consumed less dry matter (10.80 and 11.22%, respectively), resulting an increasing growth efficiency compared with the control. Body condition, first estrus, first conception, services per conception and calving difficulty (data not shown) were not affected. Milk yield of the test group was 8.5% higher than that of the control group. During the early lactation period, the milk yield was significantly higher in the stair-step group than in that of the control group (p<0.05). Milk composition was not affected by compensatory growth induced by the stair-step scheme. Also, weight at calving and calf growth performance was not affected by stair-step growth. The results indicate that using rice straw as a sole roughage source in a stair-step compensatory growth scheme can contribute to the improvement of growth efficiency and early lactation performance.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권10호
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• pp.22.1-22.7
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• 2017

Background: Very limited information exists on the ruminal degradation kinetics of nutrients in garlic stalk. The present study aimed to survey the annual yield of garlic stalk in Korea and determine its feed-nutritive value for ruminants. Methods: In Experiment 1, garlic stalk was incubated in situ in the rumen of two Hanwoo steers ($360{\pm}15kg$ body weight) and removed after 12, 24, or 48 h to determine the ruminal degradation kinetics of DM and NDF. Rice straw was also included for comparison. In Experiment 2, In Experiment 2, six male Corriedale sheep were randomized to two dietary treatments to determine the apparent digestibility of nutrients in garlic stalk. Diets included a control ration without garlic stalk (60% concentrate mix +40% ryegrass) or a treatment ration (70% control diet +30% garlic stalk). Results: The Korean national yield of garlic stalk (sun-dried basis) in 2016 was estimated to be 31,910 tons, with the southern coastal regions producing the highest quantity. Compared with rice straw, garlic stalk had lower NDF, higher ADF, and greater effective degradabilities of DM and NDF, resulting in a greater TDN value (56.3%), which was higher than that obtained for rice straw (43.7%). Conclusion: These results provide basic information on the ruminal DM and NDF degradation kinetics of garlic stalk, which would be helpful for the efficient utilization of this by-product in ruminant diets

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2006

Defatted rice polishings (DRP) was subjected to chemical treatments i.e., 0.4 N HCl, and 6% $H_2O_2$, with or without physical treatment i.e. extrusion cooking. The treated DRP was evaluated chemically and biologically using male broiler chicks (108) of approximately uniform weight, selected out of 220 chicks, previously fed on commercial diets for 7 days as a settlement period. The chicks were then divided into 36 experimental units of 3 chicks each. Each experimental diet was randomly allotted to three experimental units and fed for 10 days to broiler chicks. The experimental diets were designated as A (Commercial), B (10% HCl treated DRP), C (20% HCl treated DRP), D (10% HCl plus extruded DRP), E (20% HCl plus extruded DRP), F (10% $H_2O_2$ DRP) and G (20% $H_2O_2$ DRP), H (10% $H_2O_2$ plus extrusion DRP) and I (20% $H_2O_2$ plus extrusion DRP), J (10% untreated DRP), K (20% untreated DRP) and L (Protein free). The birds fed on diet L were used to measure the endogenous nitrogen loss. The biological evaluations of diets containing differently treated DRP were compared with a commercial feed and feeds containing untreated defatted rice polishings. It was observed that these treatments liberated bound nutrients, making them more accessible to the normal digestive enzymes and increased their apparent nutrient availability. This process probably also detoxified the anti-nutritive factors i.e. phytates, lectin, trypsin inhibitor present in DRP. The results of the feeding trials revealed that diets containing 6% $H_2O_2$ treated DRP showed better weight gain, feed consumption and utilization, protein efficiency and digestibility, biological value and net protein utilization than all other treatments.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1981

보리와 발아보리의 생체내 영양효율을 알기위해 동물실험을 행하였다. 젖뗀 albino rat를 사용하여 단백질원으로 보리 및 발아보리만을 사용한 군, 단백질(5%의 casein)을 첨가해준, 그리고 쌀(쌀:보리=8:2) 및 단백질(5% casein)을 혼합 첨가시킨군으로 나누어 4주간 사육하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 식이 및 열량섭취량, 식이의 효율 및 체중은 보리 및 발아보리에 단백질을 첨가시킨군들에서 높았으며 쌀과 단백질을 첨가시킨군들에서는 현저히 높아 통계적으로 유의성을 보였다. 그러나 보리군들과 발아 보리군들간의 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 2. 단백질의 효율은 단일 곡류군들과 단백질 첨가군들에 비해 쌀과 단백질 혼합첨가군들이 높음을 보여 흔합된 곡류단백질이 체내효율을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 식이 및 단백질의 소화흡수율을 보면, 단일곡류군들에서는 표준군에 비해 보리군 및 발아보리군들이 낮음을 보였다. 그러나 여기에 단백질 또는 쌀과 단백질을 혼합 첨가하였을 경우 보리군들에 비해 발아보리군들의 단백질 소화흡수율이 현저히 증가하였다. 따라서 발아보리의 영양효과는 발아보리와 함께 동물성단백질을 적당히 섭취할 경우 단백질의 소화흡수율을 크게 증가 시키는데 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.366-369
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• 1991

영양가가 높은 쌀을 생산 보급하여 국민건강증진을 도모코저 국내에서 재배되고 있는 벼 19개 품종을 대상으로 일반도정법으로 10분도로 도정한 후 배아보존율이 높은 오봉벼를 선택하여 외형, 영양가 및 동물 사육효과를 조사 비교하였던 바 오봉벼의 배아보존율은 96.7%였으며, 외형은 전형적인 일본형에 속하였다. 조사 된 모든 영양성분은 낙동벼 보다 오봉벼가 높았으며, 특히 비타민 B$_1$과 Niacin은 낙동벼가 각각 0.14 및 1.9mg%인데 비하여 오봉벼가 0.31 및 3.0mg%로 1.5배정도 높았다. 그리고 쥐 사육효과도 증체율과 사료효과에서 낙동벼는 각각 101 및 l25%이며. 오봉벼는 각각 107 및 172% 로 오봉벼가 낙동벼 보다 높았다. 또한 식미도 색을 제외하고 맛, 냄새 및 끈기는 오봉벼가 낙동벼 보다 높았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2013

본 시험은 육성기 흑염소에 있어서 조사료원이 볏짚 위주일 때, 농후사료 급여 수준이 발육, 사료이용성 및 경제성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 실시하였다. 육성기 암컷 흑염소 40두를 공시하여 농후사료 급여수준을 체중의 1.5% (T1), 1.8% (T2), 2.1% (T3) 및 자유채식구(T4)로 나누어 급여 하였고 조사료원은 볏짚을 자유채식 하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 일당 증체량은 T1 (1.5%), T2 (1.8%), T3 (2.1%) 및 T4(자유채식)구가 각각 50.23, 60.37, 71.46 및 98.90 g으로 농후사료의 급여 수준이 높아질수록 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), 조사료인 볏짚의 사료 섭취량은 농후사료 급여수준이 증가 할수록 유의적으로 감소하는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 경제성 분석에 있어서 육성기 흑염소 경영비는 농후사료를 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.1% 및 자유 채식하였을 때 각각 46,704원, 49,998원, 54,701원 및 74,613원으로 농후사료의 급여수준이 증가할수록 경영비는 증가하였다. 이는 증체량에 있어서 T4(자유채식)구가 가장 많이 증가하였지만 T3 (2.1%)구보다 사료비에 있어서 두당 19,912원 더 많이 들었다. 이상의 시험 결과를 종합하여 고려할 때, 육성기 흑염소에 있어서 조사료 원이 볏짚 단용일 경우에는 농후사료를 2.1% 수준으로 급여하는 것이 가장 바람직할 것으로 사료 된다.