• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of elderly women living in residential homes by estimating nutrients and food intakes. Food consumption survey was conducted by 3-day 24hr recall method with 99 elderly women aged 65 to 90 years from three residential homes in Seoul, Choonchun and Chunan and 46 free-living elderly women aged 65 to 88 years from Chunan as control group. Food intake data was converted into nutrient intake using computer aided nutritional analysis program. Mean energy intake and percentage of recommended daily allowance (RDA) of residential home residents were 1696㎉ and 101% of RDA while those of control were estimated as 1939㎉ and 119% of RDA. On average, absolute amount of nutrient intakes of residential home residents were slightly higher than control group. Subjects in control group showed significantly lower carbohydrate and vitamin A intake, while vitamin C intake was higher. However, nutrient intake quality determined by INQ (Index of nutritional quality) was significantly higher among control subjects in most nutrients except vitamin A than residential home residents. Intakes of calcium, vitamin A and riboflavin of all subjects in this study were less than 75% RDA meaning that nutritional status of calcium, vitamin A and riboflavin was insufficient and could possibly result in nutritional deficient. Some food groups such as milk or other dairy products must be strongly suggested to improve nutritional status of elderly women in this study. According to the results of this study, meal plans of residential homes are quite adequate in quantity of micronutrients, but need to be improved in both quantity and quality of micronutrients.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.248-262
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• 1990

General purpose of the study was to understend nutritional status of the Korean farmers and thus provide rural nutrition intervention programs with more useful in formation and data. The data for the study was collected two times from the 603 sample farm households in 1982 and 1987. The main results of the study were as follows ; 1) Food intake of the Korean farmers was highly dependent upon vegetable foods especially on cereals and gains. However the unbalanced food intake pattern was gradually improved as consumption of vegetable foods was decreased from 992.8 grams per person per day in 1982 to 946.4g in 1987 and that of animal foods increased from 54.2g to 91.4g . 2) In mean value analysis on nutrient intake of the farmeres intakes of energy and protein were nearly reached to Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDA) level; intakes of calcium vitamin A and riboflavin were quite deficient whereas iron thiamin niacin and ascorbic acid were well over. From 1982 to 1987 intakes of all nutrients except energy were increased. 3) In distribution analysis on nutrient intake coefficient of variation(CV) of all nutrients except iron was increased. skewness(SK) the coefficients of calcium iron vitamin A riboflavin and ascorbic acid were decreased Kurtosis (Ku) of iron and vitamin A was increased. On the whole distributions of nutrient intake of the farmers were changed in undesirable ways although the mean values of the nutrient intake were improved 4) In relationship analysis among 115 relationships 76 relationships were consistent between 1982 and 1987. Of 76 consistent relationships only 10 relationship were significant at 5% level such as the protein intake level and the balance of food intake calcium intake level and the age etc.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1972

Saccharomyces rouxii T9의 생육에 있어서 vitamin및 amino acid의 영향에 대하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) inositol, pyridoxine, riboflavin, niacin, para amino benzoic acid등은 생육인자로서 요구되지 않았다. (2) biotin, thiamin, Ca-pantothenate 등은 적응적으로 요구되었으며 이들 vitamin중 절대적으로 요구되는것은 없었다. (3) biotin, thiamin, pyridoxine, riboflavin, Ca-phantothenate등의 결핍배지에서는 배양초기 에는 식 염 26%배지에서 무염배지에 비하여 생육율이 다소 낮았으나 배양 16일 후에는 반대로 무염배지에 비하여 생육율이 높았다. (4) 유안을 질소원으로 하는 합성배지에 첨가효과가 인정되는 amino acid로서는 대략 methionine, tryptophan, serine, threonine, cystine, glycine, leucine, alanine, valine등의 순이였다. (5) histidine, lysine, arginine, aspartic acid, proline, tyrosine등은 배양초기에는 무첨가구에 비하여 생육도가 다소 저하되었으나 배양 16일경에는 무첨가구와 거의 비슷하거나 다소 상승되는 경향을 보였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제7권
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• pp.92-104
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• 1966

서울대학교농과대학남녀기숙사생(大學校農科大學男女寄宿舍生) 552명(名)을 위(爲)한 영양관리향상(營養管理向上)과 영양교육(營養敎育)의 중요성(重要性)을 강조(强調)하기 위(爲)해서 위양조사(爲養調査)를 남자기숙사(男子寄宿舍)에 대(對)하여 1966년(年) 3월(月) 7일(日)부터 13일(日)까지 또 여학생기숙사(女學生寄宿舍)에 대(對)하여 동년(同年) 3월(月) 14일(日)부터 20일(日)까지 1주간(週間) 실시(實施)하였다. 상록사급식(常綠舍給食)은 한인(韓人) 25(歲男子營養勸?量)에 비교(比較)하면 Riboflavin 섭취량(攝取量)의 약간(若干)의 부족(不足)이 있는 이외(以外)는 칼로리 및 모-든 영양섭취량(營養攝取量)을 훨씬 능가(凌駕)하였다. 녹원사(鹿苑舍)의 급식(給食)은 한인(韓人) 25세여자권장량(歲女子勸?量)에 비교(比較)해서 칼로리 섭취량부족(攝取量不足)을 보였으나 생활양식(生活樣式)이 유사(類似)한 숙명여자대학교(淑明女子大學校) 기숙사생(寄宿舍生)을 대상(對象)으로 실측(實測)한 1 일평균(日平均)칼로리소비량(消費量)에 비(比)하면 150 칼로리만 부족(不足)하였다. 녹원사(鹿苑舍)는 철분(鐵分)과 Ascorbic acid를 제외(除外)한 모든 무기질(無機質)과 비타민류섭취량(類攝取量)이 약간(若干)식 부족(不足)하였다. 양기숙사(兩寄宿舍)의 P.cal%는 12.8% 내지(乃至) 12.8% 이었고, 단백가(蛋白價)는 상록사(常綠舍)에 있어서는 70, 녹원사(鹿苑舍)에 있어서는 79, NDp Cal%는 상록사(常綠舍)가 7 녹원사(鹿苑舍)가 8, Reference protein은 상록사(常綠舍) 55.8g, 녹원사(鹿苑舍)가 36.9g 임이 밝혀졌다. 일반적(一般的)으로 단백질(蛋白質)은 최소한도(最小限度) 1/3은 동물원(動物源)에서 섭취(攝取)할것을 영양학적(營養學的)으로 권장(勸?)하고 있으나 이연구조사(硏究調査)에서 얻은 결과(結果)와 Reference protein 및 NDp Cal%의 권장치(勸?値)를 비교(比較)하므로서 동식물성단백질(動植物性蛋白質)을 1 : 5의 비율(比率)로 섭취(攝取)하여도 질적(質的)으로 우수(優秀)한 다종류(多種類)의 식물성단백질(植物性蛋白質)의 합리적(合理的)인 혼식(混食)으로 말미암아 만족(滿足)스러운 결과(結果)를 나타낼수가 있음을 명백(明白)히 알게되었다. 조미료소비량(調味料消費量)에 있어서는 남녀사생간(男女舍生間)에 현저(顯著)한 차(差)를 보게 되었다. 남자사생(男子舍生)은 고춧가루에 있어서는 1.5g로서 여자사생(女子舍生)의 15 배(倍)를 소비(消費)하였으며, 고추장은 13g로서 여자사생(女子舍生)의 약 21 배(倍)를 소비(消費)하였다. 소금의 섭취소(攝取消)은 남자사생(男子舍生)이 34g를 소비(消費)하였고 여자사생(女子舍生)은 23g 를 소비(消費)하였으며 남자사생(男子舍生)이 여학생(女學生)보다 매웁고 짠것을 더 즐기는것을 알게 되었다. 상록사(常綠舍)에게는 단배질(蛋白質)의 량(量)을 다소감(多少減)하고 질(質)을 높이며 지방섭취량(脂肪攝取量)을 증가(增加)시켜, 급식(給食)의 부피를 줄일 것을 권하며 Riboflavin 의 증가(增加)도 필요(必要)하다. 녹원사(鹿苑舍)는 칼로리 및 비타민 B군(群)의 섭취량증가(攝取量增加)를 위(爲)하여 더많은 곡류(穀類), 특(特)히 보리를 취(取)하여야 할것이다. 또 녹황색채소(綠黃色菜蔬)의 증가(增加)시킬 필요(必要)가 있다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of Korean workers with occupational exposure to lead by estimating nutrients and flood intakes so that we can eventually establish the dietary guidelines to be recommended for the lead workers. Food consumption survey was conducted by a 24-hr recall method with 135 lead workers and 50 non-exposed controls. Food intake data were convened into nutrients intake using computer aided nutritional analysis program. Mean daily energy intake and percentage of recommended daily allowance (RDA) of male lead workers were 2138 local and 87% of RDA while those of control were estimated as 2234 kcal and 91% of RDA. Mean daily intakes of nutrients of male lead workers were 78 g (111% RDA) for protein 502 mg (71% RDA) for calcium, 11.7 mg (97% RDA) for iron, 665 $\mu$g R.E (95% RDA) for vitamin A, 1.39 mg (108% RDA) for thiamin, 1.14 mg (77% RDA) for riboflavin, 15 mg N.E (92% RDA) for niacin and 66 mg (94% RDA) for vitamin C. On average, male lead workers showed significantly lower protein, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, niacin and vitamin C intakes than control group while cholesterol intake of the male lead workers was significantly higher than that of control group. Intakes of calcium of male lead workers were Less than 75% RDA meaning that nutritional intake of calcium of male lead workers was insufficient and could possibly result in nutritional deficient. Some food groups such as milk, meat and fish must be strongly suggested to improve nutritional status of lead workers. Continuing nutrition monitoring and appropriate nutrition intervention for lead workers most be conducted further.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.516-526
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• 2001

Working towards the compression of morbidity, we attempted to find the way to contribute to desirable aging and/or healthy old age. By looking into the factors affecting nutrient intake in middle-aged adults, we sought to find ways to improve their health status, Two hundred and fifty middle-aged adults from 40 to 60 years of age residing in Seoul and its vicinity were recruited for the survey. Subjects were interviewed for general characteristics, dietary habits lifestyle, status and food intake by a trained interviewer. Two -day food record was included in addition to the 1 -day 24 hr recall. Date were analyzed for the relationship among nutrient intake, health status, socio-economic status dietary habits and lifestyle using a statistical program (SAS) Although the mean energy intake of the subjects did not reach the recommenced dietary allowances(RDA), mean protein intake was well above the RAD for both sex groups(111.2% and 129.1% for men and women, respectively) The caloric contribution of fat was 15 to 20 % of total energy intake among different groups. Riboflavin was the most deficient nutrient and its mean intake reached only 71.0% of RDA for mean This seemed to be due to the lower intake of milk and dairy products among middle-aged Koreans who are more accustomed to traditional meals. Income and exercise habit were the most important factors influencing the nutrient intake of middle-age adults. Also, BMI, smoking habit, level of education regularity of meal, and hours of sleeping influenced the nutrient intake, In conclusion, middle-age adults appeared to have similar problems with the elderly in terms of nutrient intake and this age group should to included when considering nutritionally vulnerable groups in addition to the elderly and young children. The improvement in the nutrition status of middle-age adults is even more important because that could lead into the better health the elderly.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: North Korean refugees (NKRs) in South Korea are a unique population as they must adapt in a new country with similar cultural traits but different social, political, and economic systems, but little research has been conducted on diet and nutrition in this population. This study examined food security, dietary behaviors, and nutrient intakes among adult NKRs living in South Korea and compared them to those of South Koreans. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 139 adult NKRs (25 men, 114 women) living in the Seoul metropolitan area, and 417 age- and sex- matched South Korean controls (SKCs; 75 men, 342 women) selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Food security and dietary behaviors (meal skipping, eating-out, meals with family, nutrition education and counseling, and nutrition label knowledge and utilization) were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. Nutrient intakes were assessed by 24-hr recall. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS ver. 23.0. RESULTS: In South Korea, food security had improved over the previous 12 months, but remained significantly poorer for NKR women than SKC women. Meal skipping was three times more frequent than for SKCs and eating-out was rare. Average energy intake was 1,509 kcal for NKR men and 1,344 kcal for NKR women, which was lower than those of SKCs (2,412 kcal and 1,789 kcal, respectively). Significantly more NKRs (men 24.0%, women 21.9%) showed simultaneously deficient intake in energy, calcium, iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin than SKCs (men 2.7% (P = 0.003), women 7.0% (P < 0.001)). NKR women had a significantly higher index of nutrient quality (INQ) for some nutrients than SK women. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports significant differences in food security, dietary behaviors, and nutrient intakes between NKRs and SKCs. Generally, NKRs reported lower intakes despite improved food security, but relatively good INQs across nutrients. Further research is needed to understand processes of food choice and consumption among NKRs to provide appropriate support aimed at improving diets.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.545-557
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to compare the diet quality and diversity according to types of obesity categorized by body mass index and waist circumference among Korean adults aged 19-64 years. Methods: This study used the data of the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V) and included 11,081 study participants. Type of obesity was categorized into 4 groups (Type 1: BMI obesity + abdominal obesity; Type 2: BMI obesity only; Type 3: abdominal obesity only; Type 4: Normal). To compare the diet quality and diversity according to obesity type, ANCOVA (Analysis of covariance) was used with stratification of age groups (19-44 years, 45-64 years). Results: With regard to comparative analysis of diet quality, there were significant differences between diet qualities in energy, protein, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorous and iron and type of obesity in the 19-44 age group, while there were significant differences between diet qualities on protein, vitamin C, phosphorous and type of obesity in the 45-64 age group. There was no significant difference between diet diversity score and type of obesity in Korean adults. Conclusions: This study showed that in Korean adults, diet qualities of some nutrients were different among obesity types, while diet diversity was not. These observations should be considered in an effort to improve intake of over-and deficient nutrients and in further studies to evaluate the effects of nutrient quality on obesity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.864-872
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive assessment of the nutritional habits of resistance trained males in relation to protein and carbohydrate intakes in comparison with the recommended values. Thirty-four male bodybuilders ($27.0{\pm}2.1years,\;173.5{\pm}5.0cm,\;8.3{\pm}0.61%$ body fat), twenty-four male weight lifters ($20.9{\pm}2.1years,\;171.8{\pm}6.9cm,\;7.6{\pm}0.98%$ body fat) and twenty-five male non-athletes ($26.9{\pm}2.5years,\;175.3{\pm}5.7cm,\;8.5{\pm}0.95%$ body fat) participated in the study. Participants completed a comprehensive survey by twenty-four hour dietary recall methods. All diets were analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional (Pro) analyzer by a registered dietician. Body fat was measured using skin fold thickness. The average time spent in resistance training was $18.0{\pm}1.7$ hrs/week for body builders and $14.6{\pm}8.7$ hrs/week for weight lifters. Total daily calories were $2583.6{\pm}874.8kcal\;(31.9{\pm}11.9kcal/kg)$ for bodybuilders, $3565.9{\pm}1281.8kcal\;(42.7{\pm}15.0kcal/kg)$ for weight lifters and $2016.0{\pm}955.3kcal\;(28.1{\pm}13.9kcal/kg)$ for non-athletes (p=0.001). Percent of calories from carbohydrate, protein, and fat 64.2%, 27.1%, and 8.7% for bodybuilders, and 66.3%, 18.6%, and 15.1% for weight lifters. The mean protein intake was $1.9{\pm}1.2g/kg$ of BW for bodybuilders, $1.6{\pm}0.6g/kg$ of BW for male weight lifters and $1.1{\pm}0.69g/kg$ of BW for non-athletes. Although dietary calcium (78.7%) and riboflavin (86.3%) intakes for bodybuilders were below the RDA, dietary intakes of micronutrients were not deficient. More research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and micronutrients for the resistance trained athletes.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1986

The present survey was designed to investigate correlations among blood pressure, nutritional intakes, and various environmental factors in Korean adult males, and to observe the difference in dietary intakes between hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects. Two hundred forty-three adult men from Seoul and rural areas were interviewed about their food intakes, dietary patterns, food habits, and general environmental factors from December 20, 1982 to February 15, 1983. Their dietary intakes were surveyed by means of 24-hour recall diet method. Dietary score card was used in order to evaluate the quality of routine diet of the subject. Variables of environmental factors and factors related to hypertension were expressed as percentage, and the differences in nutrient intake and food score of each sub-group were examined by means of t-test. Correlation of all the variables were analyzed by Pearsons Correlation Coefficient. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. 38% of the subjects were between the ages of 40~49, and about one-half of the subjects were middle or high school graduates. 28% of the subjects earned 210, 000~350, 000 Won per month, and income distribution was almost identical to that of the urban population of Korea. 2. There was more overweight or obese found in the hypertensive patients than in the normotensive subjects. About 40% of the hypertensive patients reported a family history of hypertension, and their knowledge about hypertension was rather poor, but slightly better than the normotensive subjects. The patient group had less adherence to smoking and alcohol compared with the normotensive subjects, but no difference was observed in coffee drinking. The mean value of the blood pressure for the normotensive subjects was 127/86mmHg and 175/109mmHg for the hypertensive group. 3. Nutrient intake for the hypertensive group was lower for most of nutrients than in the healthy group. Hypertensive patients on diet therapy consumed less calories and carbohydrates compared with those who do not follow diet therapy. 4. There was no difference intake of these food groups between patients and the healthy group. Food score was strongly related to consumption of animal protein, saturated fats, Calcium, Iron, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, and Vitamin C, which are prone to be deficient in the typical Korean diet. 5. Blood pressure had a strong positive correlation with age, body weight, and socioeconomic level. In addition, monthly income was positively related with age and education level. 6. Three was a positive relationship between blood pressure and consumption of vegetable protein, and a negative relationship with consumption of Calories, Carbohydrates, Calcium, Iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Niacin, and Vitamin C. Animal protein intake increased as income and education levels increased, but this tendency was opposite for carbohydrates. In summary, nutritional intakes are strongly correlated with various environmental factors and the level of blood pressure. There was no difference between normotensive and hypertensive subjects with respect to the quality of food consumed except restricting energy and carbohydrate in the patient group.