• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 2003

A model for teaching traditional Korean rhythmic patterns using Orff's ear training approach was developed and implemented with aim that it could be used as basic data for the operation of Korean music education. Children's rhythmic sense improved through teaching of sound searching, body rhythm, playing instruments, and improvising. Teaching the order of connective rhythmic patterns and a basic patterns-centered approach was more effective than teaching modified rhythmic patterns. With ear training, children perceived the stress of rhythmic patterns in advance and they perceived the length of sound. These results show that this model can be used as a basic approach in the operation of Korean music education.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.146-151
• /
• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects rhythmic and non-rhythmic aerobic exercises on depression and balance of healthy elderly people. Design: Randomized controled trial. Methods: Nineteen older subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups for rhythmic and non-rhythmic aerobic exercises. Both aerobic exercises consisted of functional movements such as turning in opposite directions, and running in place, the exercise consisted of movements that could activate balance. The rhythmic training group initially used music with 8 beats, and then later progressed to 16 beats. Additionally, we adjusted the pace of the music using songs from 125 beats per minute (bpm) to 160 bpm. Both groups were exercised for 50 minutes a day, twice a week, for a total of 8 weeks. We measured the condition of the patients before the intervention, and after 8 weeks of intervention. The Beck depression inventory (BDI) was used to measure the degree of depression. The Berg balance scale (BBS) was used to measure static and dynamic balance ability. We measured the subject's subjective balance confidence using the fall efficacy scale (FES). Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in BDI, BBS, and FES (p<0.05). The rhythmic aerobic exercise group showed a significant improvement only in the BBS change values compared to the non-rhythmic group (p<0.05). Conclusions: According to this study, both rhythmic and non-rhythmic aerobic exercises resulted in significant improvement in the degree of depression and balance ability of the elderly. The rhythmic aerobic exercise was more effective for dynamic balance ability.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.367-373
• /
• 2014

Most athletes execute rhythmic hop as a preparatory motion in Taekwondo sparring. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rhythmic hop on the response times and kicking velocities of Taekwondo kicks. Twelve male elite Taekwondo athletes performed a roundhouse kick and a back kick as fast as possible immediately after seeing an external stimulus in rhythmic hop and in no hop, respectively. The three-dimensional marker data of the whole body were measured at sampling rate of 200 Hz. Paired t-tests were used to compare dependent measures between hop and no hop conditions. Results indicated that the rhythmic hop did not affect response time statistically but improved the kicking velocity significantly than no hop did. Different instants of detecting an external stimulus in rhythmic hop for the back kick showed significantly different response times. Conclusively, rhythmic hop is recommendable for the purpose of kicking velocity, but not for the purpose of response time. Athletes should be careful in executing rhythmic hop as their preparatory motions for the back kick, since the response time could be shortened or lengthened according to the instant of detecting an external stimulus.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.6
• /
• pp.83-101
• /
• 1999

The aim of this study is to provide a learning method of prosodic rhythm for Taegu North Kyungsang Korean speakers to learn French rhythm more effectively. The rhythmic properties of spoken French and Taegu North Kyungsang Korean dialect are different from each other. Therefore, we try to provide a basic rhythmic model of the two languages by dividing into three parts: syllable, rhythmic unit and accent, and intonation. To do so, we recorded French of Taegu Kyungsang Korean speakers, and then analysed and compared the rhythmic properties of Korean and French by spectrograph. We tried to find rhythmic mistakes in their French pronunciation, and then established a learning model to modify them. After training with the CSL Macro learning model, we observed the output result. However, although learners understand the method we have proposed, an effective method which is possible by repeating practice must be arranged to be actually used in direct verbal communications in a well-developed learning programme. Hence, this study may play an important role at the level of preparation in the setting of an effective rhythmic learning programme.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.224-228
• /
• 1996

This paper is intended as a study on how an utterance is divided into rhythmic units in Standard Korean with respect to its syntactic structure. With respect to the data in this study I used 150 sentences which contained similar number of words and various syntactic structures. Those sentences were read by 7 speakers of Seoul dialect in a conversation style. Each sentence was read twice in a normal speed and twice in a fast speed. As a total, 4200 sentences were recorded. Then listening to them, the author marked the sentences with two kinds of boundaries i.e. strong and weak. To explore the relationship between rhythmic units and syntactic structure I devised a framework of grammatical symbols. Each symbol is designed to have both syntactic and morphological information at the same time. So I assigned those grammatical symbols to the sentences. Having sentences marked with grammatical symbols on the one hand, and with the rhythmic boundaries on the other hand, 1 could show the relationship between rhythmic units and syntactic structure; which syntactic structures are likely to be pronounced as one rhythmic unit, and which are on the rhythmic boundaries.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2011

Purpose : This study was to investigate the application of Rhythmic Initiation(RI) in the respect of information processing in motor learning. Methods : A computer-aided literature search was performed in PubMed and adapted to the other databases and the others were in published books. The following keywords were used: Rhythmic Initiation, attention, memory, motor accuracy, feedback, motor learning, motor control, PNF, cognition. Results : The characterization of RI is rhythmic motion of limb or body through the desired range, starting with passive motion and progressing to active resisted movement. This study suggested that the relationship between of RI and motor learning through the respect of information processing, memory, attention and motor accuracy. Conclusion : Only Rhythmic Initiation, specifically focused on the effects of information processing approach, suggesting that RI can be positively influeced on sensory-perception, attention, memory, motor accuracy. however, it is unclear whether positive effects in the laboratory and field can be generalized to improve. In addition, sustainability of motor learning with RI remains uncertain.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.21_24
• /
• pp.90-110
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the intonation features of the last two syllables of rhythmic units, with the exception of the sentence final unit, in the Seoul dialect of Korean. The Model 5500 Sona-graph was used to measure the pitch and duration of the target syllables. There are two classes of materials. One class was designed to determine the intonation of rhythmic units in a natural situation and the other to investigate the intonation of rhythmic units in an artificial situation, in which speakers were asked to read the materials pausing only at the marked boundaries, with a view to identifying the intonation of Seoul dialect more clearly. The findings of this investigation are as follows: (1) Korean averages an 11% rising intonation between the two syllables at the end of a rhythmic unit. (2) The rising rate between the final two syllables' pitch values at the subject rhythmic unit is generally higher than those at other units in a sentence and it seems to be meaningful syntactically. (3) Before a boundary the rhythmic units undergo 'pre-lowering', in which the pitch gradually lowers from the first syllable to the penultimate. (4) Every syllable in each rhythmic unit tends to lengthen when speakers read the materials with a pause between units and the tendency is most salient at the final syllable before a boundary.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.293-312
• /
• 1992

The purpose of the present study was to investigated the effects of music lesson and musical and rhythmic activities on young Children's musical abilities and musical conservation concepts. Two kinds of tests aiming to measure musical abilities and musical conservation concept were administered to 117 children aged 5- to 7-year-old. The amount of music lesson at home was investigated. and musical and rhythmic activities at two preschools were observed and them evaluated in terms of their quality . The major findings were as follows ; 1)The individual music lessons at home played a significant role in developing young children's musical abilities and musical conservation concepts. 2) Young children's musical abilities and musical conservation concepts were significantly affected by the quality of musical and rhythmic activities. Especially, the quality of musical and rhythmic activities had significant effects on listening, rhythmic activities, and musical creativity among musical abilities. As to musical conservation concepts. only tempo conservation concept was affected by the quality of musical and rhythmic activities. The balanced activities in the five domains of music education were discussed. some suggestions of improving the quality of music education were provided.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2018

Background: Stroke patients show abnormal walking patterns due to brain injury. In order to have the desired walking pattern, appropriate stimulation is required to activate the central pattern generator. For this reason, our study performed treadmill ambulatory training with rhythmic auditory stimulation. However we did not consider the influence of visual feedback. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the gait abilities in chronic stroke patients following either treadmill walking training with rhythmic auditory stimulation and visual feedback (TRASVF) or treadmill walking training with rhythmic auditory stimulation (TRAS) alone. Methods: Twenty-one stroke patients were divided into two groups: A TRASVF group (10 subjects) and a TRAS group (11 subjects). They received 30 minutes of neuro-developmental therapy (NDT) and walking training for 30 minutes, five times a week for three weeks. Temporal and spatial gait parameters were measured before and after the training period. The Biodex gait trainer treadmill system measured gait parameters. Results: After the training periods, the TRASVF group showed a significant improvement in walking speed, the step length of the affected limb, and time on each foot of the affected limb when compared to the TRAS group (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the treadmill walking training with rhythmic auditory stimulation and visual feedback improved individual gait ability more than the treadmill walking training with rhythmic auditory stimulation alone. Therefore, visual feedback should be considered along with rhythmic auditory stimulation training.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study reviewed articles to identify the optimal rhythmic stabilization or stabilizing reversals application method for improving balance. Methods: The Cochrane, EBSCO, eArticle, Embase, DBpia, KISS, Medline, ProQuest, PubMed, SAGE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, and Wiley databases were used to search articles from 1990 to January 2017. The search terms included: "rhythmic stabilization" and "stabilizing reversals." Only experimental human studies (randomized controlled trials) that compared the effects of varying the optimal application of rhythmic stabilization or stabilizing reversals to improve balance were included in the review. Non-English language (except Korean) and unpublished studies were excluded. Results: During the research, 1,098 articles were initially identified. Of these articles, nine were randomized controlled trials. Of these nine articles, five were in English, and four were in Korean. In addition, three of the trials did not measure the patients' balance, two did not report the intensity and location of the resistance, and three performed the rhythmic stabilization incorrectly. Only one article met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The remaining study evaluated the participants' performance of the alternating trunk flexor and extensor isometric contraction of the scapulae using the optimal resistance for 10 seconds in a sitting position. The participants completed three sets of eight repetitions with rest intervals of 30 seconds between the repetitions and 60 seconds between the sets. Conclusion: Due to the lack of the scientific research on the topic, this review may not provide the evidence needed to support the optimal application of rhythmic stabilization or stabilizing reversals to improve balance. Future research should consider the methodological quality to identify the proper rhythmic standardization and stabilizing reversals application method.