• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2005

본 연구는 모델시스템과 가열우육에서 옻나무 추출물의 항산화 효과를 구명함으로서 육제품에 이용 가능성을 검토하고자 실시하였다. DPPH에 대한 소거력$(\%)$은 옻나무 에탄올 추출물을 1, 10, 100, 1,000 ppm으로 증가시킴에 따라 14.79, 75.08, 82.02, $83.97\%$로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 옻나무 에탄올 추출물(10 ppm)을 liposome과 육균질물에 첨가하면 대조구보다 높은 항산화 효과를 나타냈으며, 단독 첨가보다 $\alpha-tocopherol$(2 ppm) 혼용 첨가가 억제율이 증가되었다. 육균질물은 pH 6.0에서, liposome은 pH $5.0\~6.0$에서 최대 산화 억제율을 보였다. 또한 옻나무 열수 추출물의 첨가로 인해 가열 우육의 냉장저장 중 TBARS와 POV가 대조구보다 낮은 수준으로 유지되었으며(p<0.05), 소금을 첨가하여 산화를 촉진시켰어도 강력한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 육제품 제조 시 옻나무 추출물이 천연 항산화제로서 이용 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2000

The ethanol extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), the Korean Lacquer tree, was subsequentely isolated and fractioned into two portions using distilled water (SED) and 99% ethanol (SEE) as elution buffers through silica gel column (4x28 em, 22 $\AA$. 28~200 mesh). To know the antioxidative effect of the RVS extracts, primary hepatocytes were exposed to hydroxyl radical generated by 20 mU/$m\ell$ glucose oxidase with SED or SEE for 4 hr. The addition of 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ SED in culture medium showed good protection from glucose oxidase (GO)-mediated cytotoxicity of hepatocytes, showing approximately equivalent to control. When the hepatocytes were incubated with 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ SED or SEE only for 4 hr. the activities of cell-associated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were elevated up to 1.22 fold and 1.4 fold, respectively, compared to control. Further increase, 1.88fold in SOD activity or 1.64fold in catalase activity, was also observed when the hepatocytes were incubated with 100 units/$m\ell$ of commercial SOD or catalase for 4 hr. Moreover. the glucose oxidase-mediated cytotoxicity in cultured hepatocytes was generally reduced upon addition of lysate obtained from SED or SEE-stimulated hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner. From these results, we suggest that, in cultured hepatocytes, RVS ethanol extract can efficiently reduce cytotoxicity induced by glucose oxidase and may increase the activity of cell-associated SOD and/or catalase, thereby preventing and/or scavenging superoxides and hydroxyl radicals in this experiment.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2008

Rhus verniciflua Stokes(RVS), one of traditional medicinal plants in Asia, was found to have pharmacological activities such as antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects, raising the possibility for the development of a novel class of anti-cancer drugs. Thus, potential genotoxic effects of RVS in three short-term mutagenicity assays were investigated, which included the Ames assay, in vitro Chromosomal aberration test, and the in vivo Micronucleus assay. In Ames test, the addition of RVS water extracts at doses from 313 up to 5000 mg/plate induced an increase more than 2-fold over vehicle control in the number of revertant colonies in TA98 and TA1537 strains for detecting the frame-shift mutagens. The similar increase in reversion frequency was observed after the addition of RVS ethanol extracts. To assess clastogenic effect, in vitro chromosomal aberration test and in vivo micronucleus assay were performed using Chinese hamster lung cells and male ICR mice, respectively. Both water and ethanol extracts from RVS induced significant increases in the number of metaphases with structural aberrations mostly at concentrations showing the cell survival less than 60% as assessed by in vitro CA test. Also, there was a weak but statistically significant increase in number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes(MNPCEs) in mice treated with water extract at 2000 mg/kg while ethanol extracts of RVS at doses of up to 2000 mg/kg did not induce any statistically significant changes in the incidence of MNPCEs. Therefore, our results lead to conclusion that RVS acts as a genotoxic material based on the available in vitro and in vivo results.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.108-109
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• 2011

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2001

For a long time Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) has traditionally been used as a herbal plant. It is known to contain various biological activities. Previously, a crude ethanol extract from RVS was reported to have antioxidant effects, and antiproliferative activities, on human cancer cell lines. In this report, we prepared a highly purified ethanol extract from RVS, which did not contain the urushiol derivatives, named REEE-1 ($\underline{R}$hus $\underline{e}$thanol $\underline{e}$luted $\underline{e}$xtract-1), to investigate the mechanisms of the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals using mouse thymocytes. The results from the deoxyribose, DNA nicking, and glucose/glucose oxidase enzyme assays showed that REEE-1 contained a strong scavenging activity of oxygen free radicals, especially of hydroxyl radicals. However, interestingly, REEE-1 also showed cytotoxicity against the thymocytes, although the effect was variable, depending on the concentrations and times of treatment. The REEE-1-mediated cytotoxicity against thymocytes, which has been used as one of the well-characterized models for apoptosis studies, was verified to be apoptotic. This was proven by the following: the appearance of DNA laddering, increases in DNA fragmentation, low fluorescence intensity in the nuclei after propidium iodide staining, and positive Annexin V staining of the cells. These results suggested that REEE-1 had both antioxidative activity and cytotoxicity against the thymocytes, although the effect of the cytotoxicity was variable, depending on the dose and time of the treatment.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2003

Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine. Several earlier studies indicated that an ethanol extract of RVS has both anti-oxidant and anti-tumor properties, although the mechanism for the activity remains to be elucidated. In this report, we prepared a highly purified ethanol extract from RVS, named REEE-1 ($\underline{R}$hus $\underline{e}$thanol $\underline{e}$luted $\underline{e}$xtract-1), and investigated the mechanism involved in its growth-inhibitory effect on the human B and T lymphoma cell lines, BJAB and Jurkat, respectively. Results from tritium uptake proliferation assays showed that the proliferative capacities of both BJAB and Jurkat cells were strongly suppressed in the presence of REEE-1. This was further confirmed through trypan blue exclusion experiments that revealed a dose-dependent decrease in viable cell numbers after REEE-1 treatment. REEE-1-mediated suppression of cell growth was verified to be apoptotic, based on the increase in DNA fragmentation, low fluorescence intensity in nuclei after propidium iodide staining, and the appearance of DNA laddering. In particular, REEE-1 exerted its anti-oxidant activity through the inhibition of hydroxyl radical-mediated degradation by iron ion chelation rather than direct scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, REEE-1 was revealed to be a potential scavenger of superoxide anions. Collectively, our findings suggest that REEE-1 is a natural anti-oxidant that could be used as a cancer chemo-preventive and therapeutic agent.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.75-93
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• 2006

Rhus verniciflua Stokes(RVS) has been widely used as a food and traditional herbal medicine in Korea. RVS has been reported that the extract from its wood and fruit has strong antioxidant activity and anticancer effect but there is little information on Lacca Sinica Exsiccata(LSE), the resin of RVS, as a medicinal use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of ethanol-eluted extract of LSE on streptozotocin(STZ) - induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with STZ injection. Oral administration of LSE extract(50mg or 100mg/kg of body weight/day) was given to diabetic group. During 4 weeks of experiment, diabetic rats showed significant weight loss and decreasing feed efficiency ratios(FER) compared with normal rats, while the diabetic group orally fed with LSE extract showed a trend of decreasing weight loss and a significant increase of FER(p<0.05). In 4 weeks after induction of diabetes, diabetic rats showed an increase in weight of liver, kidney and heart, whereas the diabetic rats administered with LSE extract showed a reduction in the weight of heart. Blood glucose level was decreased in diabetic rats treated with LSE extract, but it was not statistically significant. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, Glutamic pyruvate transaminase and total cholesterol levels were lower in the diabetic group treated with LSE extract than in untreated diabetic group, but not significant. These results present that LSE may partly have antidiabetic effect and may protect against the development of diabetic heart complications resulting from impaired glucose metabolism.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2004

Previously, a flavonoid fraction, which consisted mainly of protocatechuic acid, fustin, fisetin, sulfuretin, and butein, here named RCMF $({\underline{R}}VS\;{\underline{c}}hloroform-{\underline{m}}ethanol\;{\underline{f}}raction)$, was prepared from a crude acetone extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) which is traditionally used as a food additive and as an herbal medicine. In this study, we evaluated the effects of RCMF on the antioxidant defense system using embryonic normal hepatic cell line (BNL CL.2) and its SV40-mediated transformed cell line (BNL SV A.8). This study demonstrates that RCMF selectively stimulated the antioxidant defense system of normal cells, as BNL CL.2 cells proved to be more sensitive to RCMF-mediated increases of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione reductase than BNL SV A.8 cells. In particular, RCMF caused a significant increase in the malonaldehyde content of BNL SV A.8 cells, which is believed to be closely associated with cytotoxicity of RCMF and RCMF-mediated growth inhibition. Collectively, our findings suggest that the flavonoid fraction, RCMF, selectively stimulates the antioxidant defense system in normal rather than hepatic tumor cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2005

Previously, a flavonoid fraction, which consisted mainly of protocatechuic acid, fustin, fisetin, sulfuretin, and butein, here named RCMF [${\underline{R}}hus$ verniciflua Stokes (RVS) ${\underline{c}}hloroform-{\underline{m}}ethanol\;{\underline{f}}raction$], was prepared from a crude acetone extract of RVS which is traditionally used as a food additive and as an herbal medicine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of $TNF-{\alpha}$ on RCMF-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis induction using human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells. The results from tritium uptake and MTT assays showed that $TNF-{\alpha}$ treatment itself (10 ng/ml) did not induce any cytotoxicity, but it actively accelerated RCMF-mediated cytotoxicity of HOS cells. RCMF-induced cytotoxicity and its facilitation by $TNF-{\alpha}$ was verified to be apoptotic, based on the increased DNA fragmentation and low fluorescence intensity in nuclei after propidium iodide (PI) staining of HOS cells. This speculation was further demonstrated by monitoring the Annexin V/PI double staining which could discriminate the difference between apoptotic and necrotic deaths. Collectively, our findings indicate that $TNF-{\alpha}$ accelerates RCMF-induced cytotoxicity in HOS cells.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1248-1254
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• 1997

옻나무를 극성이 각각 다른 chloroform, n-hexane, ethanol에 침지한후 추출물질에 따라 항산화력을 DPPH 및 thiocyanate 방법으로 측정했으며, 쥐 뇌세포를 배양하여 glucose oxidase (GO)에 의해 생성되는 hydroxy radical에 대한 항산화 효과를 측정하였다. DPPH및 thiocyanate 방법에 의한 항산화력은 에탄올 추출물의 항산화력이 다른 용매로 추출한 것에 비해 높았고, column을 이용해 100drop씩 분획하여 얻은 에탄을 추출물 5개 peak중 peak II의 항산화력이 thiocyanate 방법으로 측정한 결과 다른 peak에 비해 컸으며, peak III와 IV의 항산화력은 적었고, peak I과 V의 항산화력은 매우 약하게 나타났다. 항산화 효과에 있어서 쥐 뇌세포에 에탄올 추출물 (30 mg/mL)로서, GO 20 mU/mL system의 hydroxy radical에 대한 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 효과를 측정한 결과는 GO 20 mU/mL만을 처리한 구에서는 쥐 뇌세포의 생존율이 56%인데 반하여, 옻나무 에탄을 추출물을 $1\;{\mu}L\;(297\;{\mu}g/mL)$와 $2\;{\mu}L\;(588\;{\mu}g/mL)$ 첨가시 생존율은 대조구에 비해 각각 59%와 68%였으며, $4\;{\mu}L\;(1,154\;{\mu}g/mL)$ 첨가시 74%, $7\;{\mu}L\;(1,963\;{\mu}g/mL)$와 $10\;{\mu}L\;(2,727\;{\mu}g/mL)$ 첨가시 각각 83% 및 95%로서 높은 생존율을 보였다. 이것은 에탄올 추출물 $10\;{\mu}L\;(2,727\;{\mu}g/mL)$첨가에 있어서 hydroxy radical에 대한 항산화 효과를 대조구에 비교할 때 $P{\leq}0.01$의 유의성을 보여주었다. 한편 에탄올 추출물과 천연항산화제인 ascorbic acid, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, catalase의 항산화 효과를 비교한 결과 쥐 뇌세포 생존율이 대조구에 비해 $10\;{\mu}L\;(2,727\;{\mu}/mL)$ 에탄올 추출물 첨가시 95%이었고, $10\;{\mu}g/mL$, $20\;{\mu}g/mL$ catalase에서는 각각 98%와 99%였으며, 50 uM, 100uM ascorbic acid는 각각 83%와 88%, 50 uM, 100 uM ${\alpha}-tocopherol$에서는 각각 72%, 77%로 나타났다. 따라서 에탄을 추출물 $273\;{\mu}g/mL$은 $1\;{\mu}/mL$ catalase에 상응되는 항산화력을 가지고 있다.