• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 1997

Ninety-four collections of domestic ginger were evaluated for plant hight, leaf number, stem number, leaf length and width, rhizome yield per plant revealed good variability in stem number and rhizome yield per plant. Moderate variation was observed in plant hight, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter. Rhizome yield per plant was positively correlated with six characters, and leaf number, plant height and stem diameter were positive significant correlation with rhizome yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis indicated that stem number, followed by leaf number, stem diameter, had maximum direct effects on rhizome yield per plant. Maximum indirect effect was observed in case of plant height through leaf number. The indirect effects of leaf length and leaf width through leaf number, and plant height, leaf length and leaf width through stem diameter were also observed. From the selection point of view, the characters like plant height, stem number and leaf number per clump may be considered suitable in choosing a good genotype.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2023

Conventionally, the seeds of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Steud. have been directly sown at the field without using the plug seedling method. Plug seedlings have the advantage of promoting germination and convenient transplanting. However, there is little information about propagation of R. glutinosa using the plug seedling method. This study was conducted to investigate the optimal seed rhizome length, diameter, and sowing direction of R. glutinosa for establishing the plug seedling method. Seed rhizome length and diameter were separated by 1, 2, 3 cm and 0.3-0.5, 0.6-1.0, 1.1-1.5 cm, respectively. And seed rhizomes were sown in vertical and horizontal directions. The survival rate in 1 cm length of seed rhizomes was lower than in other treatments. The leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, SPAD, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of shoot and roots were the greatest in 3 cm length of seed rhizomes. As the seed rhizome diameter decreased, the growth characteristics of R. glutinosa tended to increase. When R. glutinosa was sown horizontal direction, the leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, and leaf area were significantly higher than in the vertical direction. In conclusion, when sowing seed rhizome in a plug tray, using a length of 3 cm, a diameter of less than 1 cm, and sowing in a horizontal direction is considered an appropriate sowing method for R. glutinosa.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2005

This study was done to obtain their morphological traits to analyse genetic diversity and intraspecific relationship of 47 Polygonatum species collected from Gyeongnam province. Plant height was the highest in P. thunbergii but the shortest in P. involucratum. Growth habit and its colors were classified to 3 groups, respectively. Leaf shapes were sorted to 5 groups including lanceolate with petiole or none, petiole colors were done to 3 groups including a species having dark green leaves of purple colored margin. Flower shapes were divided as 3 groups of urceolate, tubular and gourd shapes, and its colors were white, greenish white and light green, especially light green in a species with gourd shape. Filament shapes were two types of flatness and cylinder. Peduncle color and bract attached below it showed 4 types, respectively. Fruit shapes were sorted to 3 groups. In 100-fruit weights P. ordoratum var. pluriflorum showed the greatest but P. involucratum did the least. Two species were completely resistant to leaf brightness although 7 species showed less than 7 % infection rates. Rhizome yields ranged from 4.4 g to 94.8 g per plant, showing their significant variation. In correlation analysis between 9 major characters, rhizome yield per plant was positively correlated with plant height, stalk diameter, leaf number, leaf length and width, and rhizome diameter but leaf brightness was negatively done with plant height, stalk diameter, leaf number and length, 100-seed weight, rhizome yield per plan and rhizome diameter.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.471-477
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• 2019

Rehmannia glutinosa is a perennial herb belonging to family Scrophulariaceae. This study was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness cultivation of R. glutinosa in Southern Gangwon Province. The seed rhizomes of R. glutinosa 'Jihwang 1' were planted in the early May and harvested in the early November. Agronomic characteristics and catalpol content was evaluated in comparison with Eumseong area. As a results, aerial parts of Pyeongchang area in leaf length and leaf width were better than other cultivation area but the leaf number per plant was statistically the same. And underground parts of Eumseong area in rhizome yield and number of rhizome were better than other cultivation area. Conversely, rhizome diameter of Pyeongchang and Jeongseon area were thicker than rhizome diameter of Eumseong area. The fresh rhizome yield of Eumseong, Jeongseon and Pyeongchang area were 1,848, 1,571, and 1485 kg/10a, respectively, higher than the domestic average production of 805 kg/10a. And, catalpol content of Pyeongchang, Jeongseon and Eumseong area were 1.93, 1.62 and 1.99%, respectively. Taken together, R. glutinosa cultivation in the region of southern Gangwon province is considered to be possible, but further evaluation of the economic aspect is needed.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.327-343
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• 1991

Clonal growth and rhizome architecture of calmagrostis epigeios, were studied in a 15-year old coastal reclamed land. As c. epigeios patch grew from center to margin radially over time, concentric annuli were added. the radial increases of the mature patch were 80~130cm/yr. the patch ages of c. epigeios estimated by relationships between the diameter and is radial increament, were 1~6year old. There were the marked variations of density, phytomass, shoot height and inflorecence frequency with increasing age of rhizome system within the patch. the maximum performance occurred at 2-year-old concentric annuli of the patch. The growth phasic continuum with aging was divided into 5 grwth phases ; pioneer, building, matyre, senile and degenerate. The rhizome aging had a more significant effect on the inflorescence frequency than on the other attributes. new rhizomes tended to diverge from the direction of the parent ramet by sympodial growth. in a 1-year-old patch, average length of rhizome segment was 7cm, average number of internode was 6, and the tillering frequency was 27%. The tillering in the early stage resultd in the increase of shoot density and the producation of multibranching rhizome. as the result of that, circular patchwas formed in a year. The branching structure based on such facts was represented graphically in branching degree of 60 and 100. therefore, c. epigeios with clonal growth may establish and grow vigorously earlier than other glycophytes in high salt conditions such as the coastal reclaimed land.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.140-144
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the proper planting method of Rehmannia glutinasa Liboschitz. A Chungbuk local cultivar was sown on the seed bed of 200cm with the planting density of 30cm(6 rows) $\times$ 8.5cm(30 rhizome per $\textrm{m}^2$). The experimental design was randomized block design with 3 replications. And the result was summarized as follows. The emergence date of level Planting(control : 0$^{\circ}$) was May 23, but the emergence dates of Oblique planting(45$^{\circ}$) and Upright planting(90$^{\circ}$) treatments were later than the control by 2~4 days. And the leaf length and the ratio of leaf length/leaf width were not significantly different. As compared with the 29.2cm and 10.0mm of the rhizome length and the rhizome diameter of level planting treatment, the rhizome length of Oblique planting treatment was decreased by 3.4cm and 0 mm. The length and diameter of rhizome of the Upright planting treatment was decreased by 2.8cm and 1.0mm. And the order of sugar content was level Planting > Oblique planting > Upright planting. The total yields were decreased by 9% in the Oblique planting and by 15% in the Upright planting compared to 1,203kg/10a in the control, and the commercial yields showed the same tendency. The level planting treatment was found to be most proper for sowing of Rehmannia glutinasa Liboschitz in the middle inland region of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.315-321
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• 2019

Background: There have been no studies to date on rhizome development and optimal harvest timing for Rehmannia glutinosa. We therefore, undertook this investigation. Methods and Results: R. glutinosa 'Jihwang 1' was sown in early May and harvested in early November. Growth investigations were carried out at intervals of 10 days between 90 and 180 days after sowing (DAS). Leaf length, leaf width, and number of leaves increased until 150 DAS but decreased after 160 DAS. Rhizome length increased until 120 DAS subsequently, rhizome diameter increased rapidly between 130 and 150 DAS. Thus, the key period for rhizome enlargement in R. glutinosa is thought to be 130 to 150 DAS. Fresh root yield increased sharply from 916 kg/10a to 1,914 kg/10a between 4 and 5 months after sowing (MAS). Dry matter ratio increased gradually from 19.2% at 4 MAS to 24.4% at 6 MAS. Finally, the level of catalpol, a key active ingredient, increased sharply from 0.41% to 4.21% between 5 and 6 MAS. Given the dry matter ratio, catalpol content and yield measured, we suggest that optimal R. glutinosa harvest time is 6 MAS. Conclusions: Based on our results, the key period for rhizome enlargement is 130 to 150 DAS and optimal harvest timing is 6 MAS. We anticipate that these and other results of this study can be used to inform cultivation of R. glutinosa.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.80-81
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• 2005

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.95-101
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• 2005

Objectives : In order to distinguish Cnidii Rhizoma and Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (cultivated in Korea and China), their external and internal states were observed via microscopic examination. Methods : The slice of the tested material made by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and then observed and photographed by olymphus-BHT. Results : Cnidii Rhizoma, Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (from Korea), and Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (from China) all demonstrated similar patterns as following : 1. external form 1) showing irregular nodular form with $2{\sim}7cm$ diameter. 2) having several trochites in parallel, and nodulose root trace on surface. 3) in addition to yellow-white or yellow-gray intersections, yellow-brown oil sacs were distributed, with cambium resembling a form of annulus. 2. internal form 1) its root and rhizome is composed of 10 layers of cork, with narrow cortical layers. 2) its phloem is wide, and oval light yellow-brown oil sacs are distributed around. The closer to the cambium, the smaller it is. 3) cambium is a form of a wave-like ring or an irregular polygon. 4) xylem and vessel are rare, most of which are arranged in a 'V' format, and sometimes xylem fiber is found. 5) pith is composed of parenchymatous cell, and parenchyma is full of starch grains. Conclusions : In conclusion, C officinale, L. chuanxiong (from Korea), and L. chuanxiong (from China) have rhizomes in a similar form with no special difference. Therefore, it is concluded that C. officinale, L. chuanxiong (from Korea), and L. chuanxiong (from China) are categorized into the same species.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.261-270
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• 2010

Increasing atmospheric $CO_2$ affects the soil carbon cycle by influencing microbial activity and the carbon pool. In this study, the effects of elevated $CO_2$ on extracellular enzyme activities (EEA; ${\beta}$-glucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, aminopeptidase) in salt marsh sediment vegetated with Suaeda japonica were assessed under ambient atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration (380 ppm) or elevated $CO_2$ concentration (760 ppm) conditions. Additionally, the community structure of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was analyzed via terminal restriction fragments length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Sediment with S. japonica samples were collected from the Hwangsando intertidal flat in May 2005, and placed in small pots (diameter 6 cm, height 10 cm). The pots were incubated for 60 days in a growth chamber under two different $CO_2$ concentration conditions. Sediment samples for all measurements were subdivided into two parts: surface (0-2 cm) and rhizome (4-6 cm) soils. No significant differences were detected in EEA with different $CO_2$ treatments in the surface and rhizome soils. However, the ratio of ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity to N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in rhizome soil was significantly lower (P < 0.01) at 760 ppm $CO_2$ than at 380 ppm $CO_2$, thereby suggesting that the contribution of fungi to the decomposition of soil organic matter might in some cases prove larger than that of bacteria. Community structures of SRB were separated according to different $CO_2$ treatments, suggesting that elevated $CO_2$ may affect the carbon and sulfur cycle in salt marshes.