• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

Dioscoreae Rhizome (DR) has been used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases and is reported to have anti-diabetes and anti-tumor activities. To identify a bioactive traditional medicine with anti-inflammatory activity of a water extract of DR (EDR), we determined the mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through RT-PCR and western blot analysis and performed a FACS analysis for measuring surface molecules. EDR dose-dependently decreased the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and $PGE_2$, as well as mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as determined by western blot and RT-PCR analysis, respectively. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as B7-1 and B7-2 was also reduced by EDR. Furthermore, activation of the nuclear transcription factor, NF-${\kappa}B$, but not that of IL-4 and IL-10, in macrophages was inhibited by EDR. These results show that EDR decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines via inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$-dependent inflammatory protein level, suggesting that EDR could be a useful immunomodulatory agent for treating immunological diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.411-416
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• 2014

Simple formulas (單方) of muscle section in Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑) have long been prescribed for strengthening muscle and/or prevention of age-related muscle loss. However, biological activity and mechanisms by which they influence myoblast differentiation have not been studied. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effects of 14 simple formulas on myoblast differentiation in C2C12 myoblast cells under non-cytotoxic ($0.5mg/m{\ell}$) conditions. C2C12 cells were treated with water extracts of simple formulas for 72 h, and RT-PCR was performed to determine the gene expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), including myoD, myogenin, MRF4, myf5, and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Treatment with Colocasiae Rhizoma (CR), Pini Semen (PS), and Sesami Semen (SS) resulted in a significant increase in expression of myogenin in C2C12 cells. Treatment with Allii Macrostemi Bulbus (AM), Colocasiae Rhizoma (CR), and Pini Semen (PS) also resulted in increased expression of MRF4 in C2C12 cells. In addition, enhanced expression of IGF-1 was observed in treatment with Eucommiae cortex (EC), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (DR), Colocasiae Rhizoma (CR), Pini Semen (PS), and Sesami Semen (SS) in C2C12 cells. These results indicate that simple formulas of muscle section in Donguibogam could potentially enhance myoblast differentiation at least in part via increasing expression of myogenin, and/or MRF4 and/or IGF-1.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.167-183
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• 2012

Objective : Average, lowest, highest concentration and exceeding value of legal allowance of As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr in frequently using 16 oriental herbal medicines in korea(Astragali Radix, Ginseng, Citri Unshii Pericarpium, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, Zizyphi Fructus, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Hoelen, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Corni Fructus, Schisandrae Fructus, Lycii Fructus) was evaluated according to their origines (korea, china) and property was also discussed according to the medicinally active part and individuals regardless origines. Method : Korean and Chinese herbal medicines were evenly sampled from corresponding country nationwide. Pre-treatment was executed according to the KFDA(Korea Food and Drug Administration) regulation and analysis was performed according to the Korean Environmental Analysis QA/QC. Result : Not much difference was observed according to their origines. However, lowest, highest and percent exceeding value of legal allowance was showed some consistent differences according to the medicinally active part and individuals. Co and Cr was can not be evaluated since their legal regulation was not established yet. Conclusion : The average concentration of As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr in frequently using 16 oriental herbal medicines in korea showed no noticeable difference according to their origines. Regardless the origin, some consistent differences were observed according to the individuals and medicinally active parts.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.159-171
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• 2001

In the result of investigating the drugs for replenishing Qi in many herbal books, we could get consistent relation in their immunopharmacologic effects as follows: 1. The effects of drugs for replenishing Qi was shown in the Shen Nong's Herbal, but its classification was natural such as trees and plants, insects and beasts, fruits, vegetables, and we think that trial about classification of drugs for replenishing Qi was accomplished in the ben-cao-jiu-zhen(本草求眞). 2. Main drugs for replenishing Qi was Gingseng Radix, Codonopsis pilosulae Radix, Astragali Radix, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix. 3. Drugs for replenishing Qi commonly contain polysaccharides as much, and it was thought that they have also immunopharmacolologic effects by means of activating T and B cells, secreting cytokines, making lymphocytes, activating NK cells, increasing abilities of voracity and generating antibodies. 4. Drugs for replenishing Qi mainly replenish lung-Qi and Wei-Qi so that they have also effects of activating T and B cells, secreting cytokines, making lymphocytes, activating NK cells, increasing abilities of voracity and generating antibodies. 5. Drugs for replenishing Qi modulate content of cAMP and inhibit Na(+)-K(+) ATPase, so that they have effects of treating indistinctive pulse from Qi deficiency by means of inhibition delivery of chemical substances, activating lymphocytes. promoting contraction of myocardium.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

The conclusions after studying the rules and the principles of the six-drugs mixing forming the prescription of Yukmijihwanghuan(六味地黃丸) are as follows: 1. Yukmijihwanghuan cares for the three viscera; the liver, the spleen and the kidney and the three entrails; the urinary bladder, the gall bladder, and the stomach and it strengthens them as well. The drug can be used mainly for the cure of the Three Yang Channels of Foot and the Three Yin Channels of Foot. 2. The three drugs of Yukmijihwanghuan; Rehmanniae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Corni Fructus altogether has the tonifying effect and the other three; Alismatis Rhizoma, Moutan Cortex, Poria has the purging effect. The first three kinds of drugs tonifies and the last three kinds of drugs purges. While these two groups of drugs are pitted against each other, they also balance each other harmoniously increasing the curative effect(remedial[curative] value). 3. Yukmijihwanghuan cools off the lung which is under metal category, helps the spleen, an earth category to be strong. It also adds the Water Qi to the kidney so that it stabilizes the Fire Qi. 4. Yukmijihwanghuan helps the kidney strongly, helps the urine to be excreted well, cools down the Fire Qi and makes dry things wet. 5. Rehmanniae Radix, the principal drug of Yukmijihwanghuan and Corni Fructus, the minister drug of the medicine have a taste of thick and are materially heavy. The two drugs do the descending action that it tonifies Yin Qi and adds Essence of Life. The other ingredients of Yukmijihwanghuan; Moutan Cortex, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma have effects on lowering the Fire Qi. If Fire Qi descends, then Water Qi ascends. Yukmijihwanghuan has an efficacy of lowering Fire Qi and increasing Water Qi.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.32-47
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical studies on the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment on growing pains in China, and to seek better methods to treat and study for growing pains in South Korea. Methods The clinical studies from the China Academic Journal (CAJ) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) that were published up to January 2019 were reviewed. The key word used were '生長痛', '發育期痛', '治療', '中?治療', '中藥'. Then, the literature were analyzed in regards to the treatment methods and results. Results Among the 35 searched studies, 1 randomized controlled trials, 16 case series, and 3 case reports were selected and analyzed. In most of the studies, the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment on growing pains was significantly positive. The most commonly used herbs for oral administration were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (甘草), Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (牛膝), Paeoniae Radix Alba (白芍藥), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (山藥), Angelicae Gigantis Radix (當歸), Astragali Radix (黃?), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (白朮), Poria Sclerotium (茯?) Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (熟地黃), Lycopodii Herba (伸筋草). Other treatment methods such as, external application of herb medicine, massage, acupuncture were also used to treat growing pains. Conclusion Based on the results of the clinical studies from China, the use of chinese medicine for treatment of growing pains has been shown to be effective. Additional clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

Objectives To research oriental medical treatments for diabetic nephropathy by literature study Methods We reviewed oriental medical book concerning the diabetic nephropathy. Results & Conclusions 1. The diabetic nephropathy has relation to edema, dizziness, exhaustion of strenght, obstruction and rejection among the transformations of emaciation and thirst. 2. The causes of diabetic nephropathy are dry heat caused congenital defect, mental depression and greasy diet damages liquid nutrients and thereafter Gi and Yang deficiency produces blood stagnation, dampness and phlegm-turbidity. 3. The medical treatments are invigorating Gi, promoting blood flow to remove blood stasis and removing dampness through diuresis. The frequently used herb are Radix Astragali, Poria, Fructus Corni, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, etc. and Dansam is meanigfull of all herbs for invigorating blood and dispelling blood stagnation.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.103.1-103.1
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate sulfur dioxide in herb drugs.(Puerariae Radix, Lycii Fructus, Platycodi Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Mori Radicis Cortex, Nelumbo Seed, Paeoniae Radix, Remotiflori Radix, Astragali Radix, Polygonatum Rhizome) Experimental subjects included 105 cases of 10 species of herb drugs collected in Kyung-dong market from December in 2001 to February in 2002. Sulfur dioxide was determined by Optimized Monier-Wiliams method. In 65 cases(61.9%) of the 105 cases, we detected $SO_2$ over 10mg/kg. (omitted)

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2012

Objectives : Yukmijihwang-tang(Wan), a well-known formula for invigorating yin-particular kidney yin, was first recorded in "Xiao er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue", consisting of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Fructus Macrocarpii, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae, Poria, Rhizoma Alismatis and Cortex Moutan Radicis with dose proportion of 8:4:4:3:3:3. Although clinical trials have been lacking, various pharmacological actions for Yukmijihwang-tang has been identified newly using animal models. In addition, it was reported that Yukmijihwang-tang increases structural chromosome aberrations significantly in Chinese hamster lung cells. In this article, it is purposed that new studies for pharmacology and toxicology of Yukmijihwang-tang are reviewed. Insight into new studies of Yukmijihwang-tang at the cellular and animal levels will enhance our understanding of Yukmijihwang-tang against various diseases will provide new tools to diagnose and treat patients. Methods : Recent researches for Yukmijihwang-tang were reviewed and summarized in terms of pharmacological action and toxicity. All sources for review were based on recent studies loaded on data base of web sites such as Science Direct and National Center for Biotechnology Information. Results and Conclusions : Recently, reports showed that YMJ had antiaging effects, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, anti-renal hypertension and prevented tumors, and diabetes mellitus. However, there is little information on its safety except general toxicity, acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity, or genotoxicity. In addition, clinical trial for Yukmijihwang-tang was limited even though Yukmijihwang-tang has been used extensively in Korean traditional medicine. Thus, further studies are necessary to focus on safety evaluation and clinical trial for Yukmijihwang-tang.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.582-593
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• 2009

Background and Objective : Allergy is defined as an altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. This study was to evaluate the effect of oriental materia medica on IL-5 secretion in the mouse spleen cell. Methods : We used the splenocytes of mouse 8 weeks after its birth, and then cultivated those into the 2 experimental groups and a control group for 48 hours. The culture media of the experimental groups were made of $1{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$ oriental materia medica, representative. And the culture media of control group was given no oriental materia medica. Then, we assayed the quantity of cytokine-expression by the sandwich ELISA. The quantities of cytokine-expression of the experimental groups were compared with that of the control group, which was standardized. These methods were used for all of the oriental materia medica treated. Results : Some oriental materia medica inhibit the secretion of IL-5 in both $1{\mu}g/ml$ and $10{\mu}g/ml$ culture media. These were Acori Rhizoma, Luffae Fasciculus Vascularis, Amomi Rotundi Fructus, Schisandrae Fructus, Biotae Semen, Clematis armandii, Dioscoreae Sativa Rhizoma, Coicis Semen, Sophorae Flos, Oroxyli Semen, Aurantii Semen, Pini Nodi Lignum. Conclusion : This study indicates that some oriental materia medica inhibit the secretion of IL-5 and are beneficial for allergic disease.