• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2020

Background: Classical acupuncture is being used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To explore the biological response to acupuncture, a network-based analysis was performed on gene expression data collected from an animal model of RA treated with acupuncture. Methods: Gene expression data were obtained from published microarray studies on blood samples from rats with collagen induced arthritis (CIA) and non-CIA rats, both treated with manual acupuncture. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify gene clusters expressed in association with acupuncture treatment time and RA status. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were applied for functional annotation and network visualization. Results: A cluster of 347 genes were identified that differentially downregulated expression in association with acupuncture treatment over time; specifically in rats with CIA with module-RA correlation at 1 hour after acupuncture (-0.27; p < 0.001) and at 34 days after acupuncture (-0.33; p < 0.001). Functional annotation showed highly significant enrichment of porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic processes (p < 0.001). The network-based analysis also identified a module of 140 genes differentially expressed between CIA and non-CIA in rats (p < 0.001). This cluster of genes was enriched for antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen (p < 0.001). Other functional gene clusters previously reported in earlier studies were also observed. Conclusion: The identified gene expression networks and their hub-genes could help with the understanding of mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of RA, as well understanding the effects of acupuncture treatment of RA.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1034-1040
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• 2012

활막조직은 관절부위에 존재하는 비연골성의 얇은 세포층으로 구성되어 있으며, 류마티스 관절염 등에서 활성화 되어진다. 우리는 골관절염(n=8)과 류마티스 관절염(n=5)에서 유래한 활막조직을 대상으로 활막조직내의 세포를 정량화하고 세포성분들을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 활막조직을 H&E 염색한 후 광학현미경으로 관찰하였을 때 류마티스 관절염의 활막조직은 골관절염에 비해 형태적으로 두터워졌으며 비후된 양상이었다. 또한 CD68, CD90, PGP9.5 등과 마커들을 이용하여 IHC 분석을 수행한 결과 활막조직의 내막층과 내막하층에 존재하는 세포들을 특성을 분한 결과 내막층에는 대식세포가 집중적으로 분포하며, 내막하층에는 대식세포와 섬유아세포 유사 활막세포(FLS)가 존재한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. H&E 이미지를 포토샵 프로그램을 이용하여 반전시켜 내막층과 내막하층 부위별로 세포계수 및 세포층계수를 수행하였다. 내막층 분석 결과 류마티스 관절염의 활막조직의 골괄절염보다 대식세포의 수와 층이 현저하게 증가된 것을 확인할수 있었다. 또한 류마티스 관절염의 활막조직의 내막하층분석결과 섬유아세포 유사 활막세포의 수적인 증가를 계수 할 수 있었다. 또한 류마티스 관절염의 경우 활막의 비후가 심하기 때문에 혈관의 위치가 내막층으로부터 상대적으로 멀리 위치하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 H&E 염색 이미지의 포토샵 분석을 이용한 골관절염과 류마티스 관절염 활막조직에 대한 정량 분석 방법은 류마티스 관절염의 발병과정에서 세포들이 활성화된다는 사실을 증명하는데 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to construct a structural equation model to explain and predict factors affecting the health-related quality of life (QoL) in female rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients based on the health-related QoL model by Ferrans et al. (2005) and a literature review. Methods: Patients (N=243) who were either registered members of an internet cafe composed of patients with RA or rheumatology outpatients at two tertiary general hospitals in Busan, Korea, were recruited via convenience sampling. Data were collected from July 2 to September 9, 2021, and the survey was conducted using a web-based questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS 26.0. Results: The goodness-of-fit statistics of the final model exhibited good results (χ²/degree of freedom=2.68, Turker-Lewis index=.94, comparative fit index=.96, standardized root mean-squared residual=.04, root mean- square error of approximation=.08), and 11 out of 14 paths of the model were supported. The squared multiple correlation, which reflected the explanatory power of the environmental characteristics, symptoms, functional status, and perceived health status on health-related QoL, was 80%. In the hypothesis model, 10 paths had significant direct effects, 6 paths had significant indirect effects, and 12 paths had significant total (direct and indirect) effects. Conclusion: Considering that factors directly affecting the health-related QoL of female patients with RA were social support, symptoms (fatigue and depression), resilience, and perceived health status, and that resilience was the most influential factor, clinicians can encourage resilience. Hence, to improve the health-related QoL of female patients with RA, continuing management is necessary, using various intervention methods that focus on enhancing resilience from the early stage to the end of treatment for RA.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2008

Antioxidant and anti-rheumatoid activities of Cirsium japonicum leaf extract (CJLE) were investigated in this study. CJLE had similar DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power to ascorbic acid and several flavonoids. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory tissue-destructive disease, partly related with functions of hyaluronidases (HAases) and collgenases. CJLE ($1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$) had approximately 60.7 and 31.9% inhibition of HAase and collagenase activity, respectively. Also, CJLE inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production in a dose-dependent manner, and CJLE ($1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$) suppressed approximately 70% of LPS-induced nitrite production effectively in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. CJLE had inhibitory effects on the adherence of monocytic THP-1 to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers to the basal level. Inhibitory effect of CJLE on the adhesion was caused by suppression of tumor necrosis factor-a-upregulated expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin. We expect that CJLE may alleviate the inflammatory process in rheumatoid synovium, and these findings will raise the possibility of the usage of C. japonicum as a traditional pharmaceutical of anti-rheumatoid arthritis.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.612-619
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• 2015

본 연구는 구강건강상태가 전신질환에 미치는 영향을 알아보려는 목적 아래 KNHANES 제6기 1차년도(2013년) 자료를 활용하여 19세 이상 성인을 대상으로 구강건강상태와 류마티스 관절염의 관련성을 파악하였고, 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 류마티스 관절염과 치주상태 관련성을 교차 분석으로 확인한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 관련성이 나타나지 않았으며, 류마티스 관절염과 치아상실은 통계적으로 유의한 관련성을 보였다(p=0.001). 류마티스 관절염에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 치주상태는 류마티스 관절염에 미치는 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났고, 치아상실의 개수가 19~28개인 사람은 0~8개인 사람보다 류마티스 관절염의 위험이 약 3배, 9~18개인 사람은 0~8개인 사람보다 류마티스 관절염의 위험이 약 2배 높은 것으로 나타나 치아상실 개수가 많을수록 류마티스 관절염의 위험성이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 치주상태와 치아상실을 동시에 로지스틱 회귀모델에 적용하여 분석한 결과 같은 결과를 나타냈으며, 통제변수를 보정한 로지스틱 회귀분석결과는 통계적 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 골밀도 검사를 비롯한 임상검사와 약 복용 등의 염증상태에 대한 진행 정도를 파악하고 보다 체계적인 분석이 이루어져야 할 것이며, 구강건강상태와 류마티스 관절염의 관련성에 관한 양방향성 연구가 활발히 진행되어 두 질환 사이의 명확한 매커니즘이 규명되어야 할 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1647-1655
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• 2005

Gamimahaenggamsuk-tang (GMHGST) is used for treatment of inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, regulatory activity of GMHGST on RA-mediated inflammatory responses was investigated in cultured human fiDroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), Levels of mRNAs encoding for inflammatory cytokines such as $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-8 and NOS-II enzyme, which had been induced by $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ cotreatment, were decreased to the similar levels as those in cells treated with anti-inflammatory agent MTX. mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) as well as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) were also downregulated by increasing doses of GMHGST in activated FLS. Moreover, GMHGST appeared to protect cells by decreasing NO levels, and inhibited cell proliferation which had been induced by inflammatory stimulation by $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-1. These results suggest that GMHGST is effective as an inhibitory agent for regulating inflammatory responses in activated FLS.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

Backgrounds : Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA) is known as the chronic inflammatory diseasethat induces persistent inflammation in the joint cavity. The destruction of cartilage occurs as the result of bones destoyed by pannus, several influential cytokines induced by the synovial capsulitis, varieties of proteinases, $O_2$ radicals, and the secondary degenerative changes of articular cartilage. The type 2 collagen-induced arthritis model is used in recent experimental research on rheumatoid arthritis. Cervus elaphus sibiricus (Nockyong) has the effect of relieving pain by nourishing the muscles, joints, and bones. It is also known to be efficacious in promoting and enhancing the immune system. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture to inhibit the generation of proinflammatory enzyme on type 2 collagen-induced arthritis. I investigated the inhibition of mRNA transcription of MIF(macrophage migration inhibitory factor), $TNF-{\alpha}$(Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$) and MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) of Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture using an in vitro test. Also investigated was the inhibition of differentiation of Th 1 cells and activation of cytokines(MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, MMP-9), which are known to cause initial RA ,and are also related to the morphology of the synovial membranes of the joint capsule, by an in vivo test, using CIA(collagen induced arthritis) model mice. Materials & methods : The laboratory animals used in this experiment were 4 week-old DBA female mice, weighing approximately 20 grams, and adjusted to the laboratory environment. The experiment was divided into the normal group(NOR)-no treated group, control group(CON)-CIA induced group, and sample group(SAM)-Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture treated group. RA was induced in the mice via injection of $50{\mu}{\ell}$ C II mixed CFA. The Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture solution was applied on $GB_{35}$(陽陵泉) for 26 days from the 3rd day of RA inducement. The concentration of the solution was determined via a MTT assay. To research the effect on the expression of MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and MMP-9 mRNA, RT-PCR was performed on synovial membrane cells from the knee joint of CIA mice. C II induced RA knee joint's histo-chemical synovial membrane was observed using a specimen model via the Hematoxilin and Eosin dying technique. Results : The expression of mRNA of RA-related cytokines such as MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and MMP-9 dosedependently decreased in the cell from the synovial membranes of the joint, which is treated with Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture solution. In mice treated with Cervus elaphus sibiricusherbal acupuncture, the damage of synovial membranes of the joint was lessened, and differentiation of Th 1 cells was suppressed. The activation of RA-related cytokines such as MIF was suppressed, and the generation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and MMP-9 showed a statistically significant decreas. Conclusions : It is speculated that Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture has the therapeutic effect of palliating the damage of the tissue impaired by RA by inhibition of the initial RA progression and by regulating excessive differentiation of Th 1 cell as it suppresses the generation of RA-related cytokines during the highest stage of RA by acting on pro-inflammatory enzymes.

• 셀메드
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.18.1-18.7
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• 2013

Inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by immune cell infiltration and cytokine secretion. In particular, mast cells and their cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Korean medicine, BaekJeol-Tang (BT) was designed by traditional Korean medicine theory. We already reported therapeutic effect of BT in rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we report the specific underlying mechanism of BT in activated human mast cells, HMC-1 cells. In addition, we report for the first time that BT significantly inhibited the production and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines including thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in activated HMC-1 cells. BT also decreased the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$, and caspapase-1. Taken together, these results indicate that BT has potential as a regulator of inflammatory reactions for the treatment of arthritis such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2022

Objectives : Recent studies reported that Dokwhalkisaeng-tang (DHJST) could relieve the clinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms and the level of RA-related blood test. However, evidence-based review on effectiveness and safety of DHJST with medication on RA was not yet provided. Methods : Searching randomized controlled trials on the use of DHJST for RA will be performed using multiple electronic databases, manual search, and contact to author. Studies will be selected according to the pre-defined criteria and collected data on study participants, interventions, control groups, outcome measurements, the results, adverse events, and risk of bias will be summarized. Primary outcome will be the disease activity score (including effective rate, swollen joint count, tender joint count, and morning stiffness), and the secondary outcomes will be RA-related blood test and adverse events. We will use Review Manager software to perform a meta-analysis, Cochrane Collaboration "risk of bias" tool for assessing the risk of bias, and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation for the determination of quality of evidence. Results : We are going to investigate the effectiveness and safety of DHJST with medication for RA. Conclusion : This study will provide reliable evidence on whether DHJST combined with medicine is more effective on RA than medicine monotherapy.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.336-340
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• 2008

류마티스성 관절염의 동물 모델인 CIA(collagen induced arthritisd) 생쥐에 CRN을 복강 투여하여 CIA의 발병률 및 관절염지수 등에 대한 효과를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. RF(rhumatoid factor) 인자인 IgG와 IgM 생산량, 그리고 염증 사이토카인인 IL-6와 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 생산량이 감소하였다. 사이토카인 분석결과, 비장세포에서 Th1과 Th2 세포에서 분비되는 $IFN-{\gamma}$와 IL-4를 측정하여 CRN 투여로 Th1 세포에서 Th2 세포로 면역반응이 전환됨을 시사하는 것은 CRN의 치료효과로 사료된다. 혈청 중에서 RA 인자인 IgG와 IgM, 염증 사이토카인인 $TNF-{\alpha}$와 IL-6 및 type II bovine collagen antibody 생산량 이 대조군에 비하여 CRN 투여군이 감소하여 CRN이 관절염의염증 사이토카인을 억제하는 것으로 확인된다.