• 멤브레인
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-48
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• 1992

역삼투공정과 비교하여 효율적인 농축공정인 OSRO공정에 의한 농축공정을 개발하여 에탄올 농축에 적용한 결과 역삼투공정에 비하여 높은 에탄올 농축효과를 얻었으며, 에탄올 분리효과가 뛰어난 OSRO용 막의 배발 및 농축장치를 다단으로 사용할 경우 산업화가 가능하다는 결과를 얻었다. 역삼투공정에 대한 OSRO공정의 농축도차($DC_{OSRO}-DC_{RO}$)는 전 실험범위에서 0보다 큰 값을 보이므로 에탄올 농축에 있어서 OSRO공정이 역삼투공정에 비해 효과적임을 확인하였다. OSRO공정에서 공급용액의 농도 및 부피유속이 감소하고 적용압력이 증가하는 것이 조업조건으로서 유리하였다. OSRO공정에 대한 이론식의 수치모사에 의한 해석적 결과로부터 단수가 증가할 수록 역삼투공정 및 OSRO공정의 농축도값은 커짐을 알 수 있었고, 같은 단내에서는 적용압력이 상승함에 따라 농축도값은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 수치모사에 의한 농축도 이론치는 실험치와 약 15% 이내에서 일치하였다. 농축도는 적용압려과 osmotic sink solution의 부피유속에는 비례하여 증가하며, 공급액 농도와 부피유속에 대해서는 감소함을 알 수 있었으며, 본 연구에서는 실험범위외의 수치모사에 의한 농축도 이론치도 제시하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2016

The development of alternative water resources has emerged as an effective method for solving drought of water resources due to extreme weather and increase in water consumption. Recently, in Korea, there has been active research on reverse osmosis desalination technology, wastewater reuse using forward osmosis membranes, and the forward osmosis(FO)-reverse osmosis(RO) hybrid process combining these two technologies. In this study, the basic performance of FO membranes manufactured by three domestic and international manufactures such as Microfilter Co., Ltd., Toray Chemical Korea Inc., and Hydration Technologies Inc., were investigated for wastewater reuse. In addition, as an experiment to select feed solution, the selected membranes were operated 48 consecutive hours using three secondary effluents pretreated by the UF membrane with a pore size of $0.1{\mu}m$ and auto strainer with pore sizes of $1{\mu}m$ and $100{\mu}m$ as feed solution. Although there was not much difference in the operating performance. Thus, the treated water using the $100{\mu}m$ auto strainer was selected as feed solution applied to the assessment.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1991년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.9-9
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• 1991

This paper will begin by describing osmosis and how reverse osmosis works. It will show how osmotic pressure affects reverse osmosis operations. It uill explain salt rejection, membrane flux, and recovery rates and the affect that salt built up has on membrane performance. It wil 1 explain the limitations of RO performance and why pretreatment is important. It will describe the two basic types of membrane, asymmetric and thin-film composite and explain the difference between these types plus compare cellulose acetate types to aromatic polyamide type membranes. It will discuss operating efficiences as it compares to feedwater pressure, concentration, temperature and pH. Finally, it will discuss the differences between tubular, plate and frame, hollow fiber and spiral wound element design. It will be a paper that talks about the basics of RO systems and should give a person who is unfamiliar with RO a basic introduction to this type of separation technology.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2012

Novel mechanisms for Energy Recovery Devices are proposed to diminish the pressure loss in the high-pressure reverse-osmosis system. In the beginning, the state-of-the-art in the design of Energy Recovery Devices is reviewed and the features of each model are investigated. The direct-coupled axial piston pump(APP) and axial piston motor(APM) showed 39% energy recovery at operating pressure of reverse osmosis desalination systems, 60 bar. Meanwhile, the developed PM2D model, in which APM pistons are arranged parallel to those of APP, is more compact and showed higher efficiency in a preliminary test. Loss-reduction mechanisms employing rod piston and double raw valve port are additionally proposed to enhance the efficiency and durability of the device.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2011

Membrane processes are major breakthrough for the removal of organic pollutants in water remediation. The separations of solutes depend on nature of the membranes and solutes. The separation performance depends on the nature of the solutes (i.e., molecular volume, polarity, and hydrophobicity) for the same membrane. As 4-chlorophenol is of more dipolemoment compared to 2-chlorophenol, the orientation of the molecule enables it pass through the pores of the membrane, which is of negatively charged and thus separation order follows: 2-chlorophenol > 4-chlorophenol. Hydrophobicity factor also supports the order. Addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to chlorophenol solution shows remarkable increase in separation performance of the membrane. The improvement in separation is 1.8 and 1.5 times for 4- and 2- chlorophenol consecutively in case of 0.0082 M SDS (1cmc = 0.0082 M) in the solution. 4-chlorophenol has better attachment tendency with SDS because of its relatively more hydrophobic nature and thus reflects in performance i.e. the separation performance of 4-chlorophenol with SDS through the membrane is better compared to 2-chlorophenol.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.735-741
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• 2010

A pilot test was carried out to investigate the long term operation characteristics of Microfiltration (MF) system as a pretreatment for seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) processes for two years. A commercialized MF module with pressurized operation type was used to filter seawater to remove particles which can foul reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. Silt Density Index (SDI) values of filtered seawater by the MF system were ranged from 0.14 to 1.79, which meet the SDI standard for RO feed water as depicted in previous literatures. Although the tested seawater is quite clean (i.e., dissolved organic cabon (DOC) concentration and turbidity were about 1 mg/l and less than 1 NTU, respectively) enough not to foul the MF membrane, steep increase in trans-membrane pressure (TMP) with a constant flux were observed over a whole operation period. A set of operation and water analysis data implies that the steep increase in TMP was resulted from iron and maganese fouling by the combination of metal corrosion by seawater and oxidation state by aeration and residual chlorine.

• 멤브레인
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.142-151
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• 1994

역삼투 공정을 농축공정에 이용하기 위해 향류식 역삼투 나권형 모듈을 고안, 제작하여 염수의 농축실험을 수행하였다. 역삼투 분리의 배제도와 농축도의 관계를 고찰한 결과, 배제유량에 대한 투과유량의 비가 양쪽 관계의 중요한 매개 변수이며, 반사계수 값에 따라, 역삼투막의 배제도와 농축도가 Spiegler-Kedem 식의 경향을 따른다. 향류식 역삼투 공정은 일반 역삼투 농축 공정에 비해 농축의 장애 요소인 삼투압차를 효과적으로 저하시키는 효과가 있으며 농축도가 상대적으로 우수하였다. 향류식 나권형 모듈의 수치모사 결과 농축공정의 농축도 증가를 위해서는 모듈의 지름보다 모듈의 길이를 늘리는 것이 유리함을 알 수 있었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2008

Many reports have warned of insufficient water supply in most countries in future and prospected providing safe and clean water become more difficult by lack of access to sustainable drinking water resources. Several facts and figures explained the impact by natural climate change and human activity results in the water scarcity and deterioration. Among many scientific solutions, the seawater desalination using a reverse osmosis membrane, so called SWRO (Seawater Reverse Osmosis) process, has been recognized as one of the most promising alternatives because of its stability and efficiency in producing large amount of drinking water from seawater through desalination by membrane filtration. Recently, in Korea, numerous researches are conducted to develop more productive and cost effective SWRO process for its wide implementation. The objective of this paper is to review the patents concerning SWRO technologies involving the plant engineering, maintenance including pretreatment of seawater and fouling control, module design, and mechanical units development for energy saving. The patents in Korea, U.S., Japan, Europe, and PCT were intensively researched and analyzed to provide the state of the art as well as leading edge technology on SWRO. This information can hopefully suggest meaningful guidelines on future research and development.

• 멤브레인
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2002

씻어나온 쌀(무세미) 생산공정 중 발생하는 쌀뜨물 중 함유된 유효성분, 특히 단백질 회수를 위한 분리막 공정에 관하여 검토하였다. 먼저 dead-end형 Amicon 여과셀을 이용하여 단백질 농축에 적절한 분리막을 선정하였으며 이를 토대로 중공사형 한외여과 모듈 또는 가정용 정수기에 사용되는 나권형 나노여과 및 역삼투 모듈을 이용한 투과실험을 행하였다. 그 결과, 분획분자량이 10,000 dalton인 한외여과막은 쌀뜨물내 유효성분 내지는 단백q질을 농축하기에 적절하지 않았다. 그러나 역삼투 또는 나노여과 모듈에 9% 가량의 단백질이 함유된 원료용액을 250%까지 농축할 경우, 역삼투 모듈 농축액중에 단백질의 농도는 22%로서 약 2.4배가 농축되었으며 나노여과 모듈의 경우는 약 2배까지 단백질을 농축할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 1998

Nanofiltration[NF45] and reverse osmosis membrane(HR98PP) separation treatment of dyestuff wastewater was carried out In order to separate relatively pure water from synthetic dyestuff wastewater, which consists of reactive dye, acid dye, basic dye, direct dye, and disperse dye. The experiments were performed by using the plate and frame membrane module. In the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane separation, When the NaCl concentration was 0.1, 5.0, and 20.091, retention was 63.0, 46.0, 0.9%, respectively. When permeate flux was 125.0, 67.5, and 45.0 L/$m^2$ h, the osmotic pressure increased with Increasing the NaCl concentration. Permeate flux of two membranes Increased as temperature Increased due to segmental movement of polymer of the membrane and the rejection rate of dyestuff was decreased gradually. It was found that the rejection rate was about 95% in the nanofiltratlon, while the reverse osmosis membrane showed a high rejection rate of 99% under all temperature and pressures conditions.