• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.145-149
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• 1997

General joystick using spring only has a vibration when operaor drops the joystick. If it is used as input of motorized wheelchair, its system have a serious problem which operator fall into dangerous situation. Therefore, In this paper proposed non-vibration joustick which control a motorized wheelchair. Non-vibration joystick was designed which return to origin point when operator drops joystick by mistake. Reflected force of non- vibration joystick is defined as addition displacement and variation rate. And each parameter has elasticity of spring and viscosity of DC servo motor. Through simulation for virtual environment, we found two coefficient to return origin point smoothly when a disabled person drops the joystick. In case of larger elastic coefficient of spring than viscous coefficient, we confirmed the result has the equal vibration of general joystick (under-damping). In opposite case, joystick returned to origin point with excessive force. As a application of non-vibration joystick, we experimented wall-following controlling. In this trial, we corroborated that joystick follows smoothly around the corridors.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권spc1호
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• pp.272-282
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• 2005

A vehicle driving simulator is a virtual reality device which makes a man feel as if he drove an actual vehicle. Unlike actual vehicles, the simulator has limited kinematical workspace and bounded dynamic characteristics. So it is difficult to simulate dynamic motions of a multi-body vehicle model. In order to overcome these problems, a washout algorithm which controls the workspace of the simulator within the kinematical limitation is needed. However, a classical washout algorithm contains several problems such as generation of wrong sensation of motions by filters in tilt coordination, requirement of trial and error method in selecting the proper cut-off frequencies and difficulty in returning the simulator to its origin using only high pass filters. This paper proposes a washout algorithm with new tilt coordination method which gives more accurate sensations to drivers. To reduce the time in returning the simulator to its origin, an algorithm that applies selectively onset mode from high pass filters and return mode from error functions is proposed. As a result of this study, the results of the proposed algorithm are compared with the results of classical washout algorithm through the human perception models. Also, the performance of the suggested algorithm is evaluated by using human perception and sensibility of some drivers through experiments.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.634-642
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• 2004

Unlike actual vehicles, a vehicle driving simulator is limited in kinematic workspace and bounded on dynamic characteristics. So it is difficult to simulate dynamic motions of a multi-body vehicle model. In order to overcome these problems, a washout algorithm which controls the workspace of the simulator within the kinematic limitation is needed. However, a classical washout algorithm contains several problems such as generation of wrong sensation of motions by filters in tilt coordination, requirement of trial and error method in selecting the proper cut-off frequencies, difficulty in returning the simulator to its origin using only high pass filters and etc. This paper proposes a new tilt coordination method as an algorithm which gives more accurate sensations to drivers. In order to reduce time for returning the simulator to its origin, a new washout algorithm that the proposed algorithm selectively onset mode from high pass filters and return mode from error functions is proposed. As a result of this study, the results of the proposed algorithm are compared with the results of classical washout algorithm through the human perception models. Also, the performance of the suggested algorithm is evaluated by using human perception and sensibility of some drivers through experiments.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.795-802
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• 2007

The fire not to back to its origin(火不歸原) is said that source yang(元陽) of sea of qi(氣海) rises because fire(火) of lower energizer(下焦) can't return to its origin. Successive medical men regarded the cause of it as yang deficiency(陽虛) or yin deficiency(陰虛) generally, but Jangseoksun(張錫純) presented eight kinds of cause, they are syndrome of upcast yang(戴陽證), deficiency of qi(氣虛), yin deficiency, yin and yang deficiency(陰陽虛), thoroughfare qi ascending counterflow(衝氣上衝), heart fire(心火), yang deficiency with cold fluid retention(寒飮) in middle energizer(中焦寒飮), yang deficiency with sunken cold locked in(沈寒錮冷). The method of conducting fire back to its origin may be the treatment of fire not to back to its origin as an interpretation of the phrase in a broad sense, but it is limited to yang deficiency with sunken cold locked in besides syndrome of upcast yang as the treatment based on pathological conditions. By this standpoint Eunsuryong(殷壽龍) used conducting fire back to its origin to remove hidden cold(伏寒) and make rising false fire(假火) settle. The meaning of conducting fire back to its origin is not just raise yang qi(陽氣) but break sunken cold locked in by using the drugs like Buja(附子), Yukgye(肉桂). Jakyak(芍藥) can concentrate yang qi on the life gate(命門) by converging it, Sukjihwang(熟地黃) can supply yin essence(陰精) and check the intense nature of tonifing yang(補陽) drugs. So if we want to use the method of conducting fire back to its origin, we should confirm the symptoms of sunken cold locked in and yang deficiency not to misdiagnose yin deficiency.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.473-481
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• 2016

이 연구는 전국체육대회 사례를 중심으로 재외동포의 모국방문 경험과 초국가주의적 정체성 교섭의 관계를 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해서 2015년 제 96회 전국체육대회에 참가한 재외동포들 378명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 재외동포의 전국체육대회 참가동기 중 사교, 정체성 유지 그리고 자아실현 추구가 높을수록, 전국체육대회에서 긍정적인 참가경험을 하며, 반대로 거주국에서 쌓인 스트레스 해소나, 자신의 거주국에서 하고 있는 사업을 위한 동기가 높을수록 그리고 정체성 유지를 위한 참가동기가 낮을수록, 부정적인 경험이 높다. 둘째, 관광, 거주국에서 쌓인 스트레스 해소 그리고 자신의 거주국에서 하고 있는 사업을 위한 참가동기가 높을수록, 현재 거주하는 국가의 정체성이 강하다. 반면에 정체성을 유지하기 위한 동기가 높을수록, 모국정체성이 강하다. 셋째, 재외동포들이 전국체육대회에서 부정적인 경험을 많이 할수록 현재 자신이 거주하는 국가의 정체성이 강하며, 반대로 전국체육대회에서 부정적인 경험을 적을수록 모국 정체성이 강하다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2021

In this study, various usage patterns were analyzed after establishing a data mart for micro mobility analysis based on the rental history of public bicycles in Seoul. Rental history data is origin-destination data that includes the rental location and time, and the return location and time. About 1500 rental locations were classified according to the characteristics of the location to create a 'station type' dimension. We also created a 'path type' dimension that displays whether the rental location and return location are the same. In addition, a derived variable called speed, which is obtained by dividing the distance used by the time used, is added, and through this, the characteristics of the riding area and the reason for the rental can be estimated. Meanwhile, administrative district link, administrative neighborhood link, and station type link were created to apply network analysis. Through this analysis, the roles and proportions of administrative districts, public facilities, and private facilities engaged in micro-mobility services were visualized. 49.9% of rentals occur at rental offices near transportation facilities, and half of them occur at rental offices near subway stations. The number of rentals during the evening rush hour is more than double that of the morning rush hour. When the path type is unidirectional, there is a fixed destination, so the distance and time used are short, and the movement speed tends to be high. In the case of round-trip, the purpose of use is exercise or leisure, so the distance and time used are long, and the movement speed is slow. It is expected that the results of the analysis can be used as reference materials for selecting new rental locations, providing convenient services for users, and developing user-specialized products.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제48집
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• pp.199-237
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• 2024

동학교는 김주희가 세운 동학계 신종교단이다. 동학교가사에 나타난 사상의 요체는 용어의 빈도수와 읊어진 구절의 내용을 고려하여 '도로 선천(先天)'사상이라고 볼 수 있다. 동학의 시운관(時運觀)이 '다시 개벽(開闢)'사상이라면, 동학교의 시운관은 '도로 선천(先天)'사상이다. 동학교에서는 선천이라는 용어를 특히 강조했고, 역학(易學)을 활용하여 노래했으며, '음양의 마주 봄'으로 개벽의 상황을 읊었다. 동학교에서는 후천의 운수마저 다한 다음에야 비로소 '도로 선천'이 이루어지리라고 강조한다. 이 '도로 선천'의 운수가 회복되면 목덕(木德)으로 상징되는 '봄<춘(春)>'이 다시 돌아올 것이라고 노래한다. 동학교에서는 새로운 운수(運數)의 전개를 '역(易)의 회복'으로 설명한다. 새로운 질서와 규범이 전개될 새 세상을 '도로 선천'으로 부르는데, 이때가 되면 '도덕세계'가 이루어져 도덕 문명이 전개될 것이라고 주장한다. '도로 선천'을 회복하는 운수가 바로 천도(天道)가 회복되는 일과 같다고도 노래한다. '도로 선천'사상의 특성은 첫째, 복고적 체계를 지향한다. 둘째, 과거지향적 사상이다. 셋째, '도로'는 '근원으로 돌아가자.', '근본을 회복하자.'라는 실제의 행동을 유발하고 권유하는 생각이다. 동학교의 '도로 선천'사상은 당대의 여러 신종교와는 다르게 선천(先天)에 대해 독창적인 관념과 인식을 부여했으며, 새로운 해석의 틀을 제시했다. 선천을 폐기해야만 할 낡은 시대로 규정했던 일에서 벗어나 지향해야 할 새 시대로 이해했다. 따라서 동학교의 '도로 선천'사상은 동양 전통의 과거로의 회귀와 복귀를 추구하던 일을 계승한 사상의 하나로 재평가되어야 하겠다. 하지만 '도로 선천'사상에 구체적 방법론이 매우 부족하다는 점은 단점으로 지적될 수 있다. 그리고 동학교의 '도로 선천'사상에는 윤리의식이나 도덕적 덕목이 부족하며, 정작 선천(先天)에 대한 설명이 부족하다. 따라서 동학교의 '도로 선천'사상은 선언적 구호에 그친 감이 있다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제26집
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• pp.77-110
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• 2016

The purpose of this article is to study on the Correlative linkage between the cosmic principle of birth-growth and contraction-recess and the Non action Tao. The split time between birth-growth and contraction-recess is the conflict between the Prior Time and Posterior Time as the Great Renewal. The cycle of this Chaotic Renewals is the cycle of a cosmic circulation as 129,600 years. In relation to the correlative linkage of function, Jeong-san Sangje governs all the beings of the universe by means of the cosmic principle birth-growth and contraction-recess. Also Jeong-san Sangje, using the Non action Tao governing all the beings of the universe and let them exist as the original selves. Thus, the two necessities are mutual interdependent and mutual complementary. In relation to the correlative linkage of substance, Jeong-san Sangje is included in the cosmic life which forms of all the existences. That is personal God of Jeong-san Sangje that is a part of the cosmic life. So that Jeong-san Sangje is included in the cosmic life, the basis of all the cosmic affairs. He is also subordinate to the cosmic principle but he simultaneously governs it. Jeong-san Sangje is trans-versal mediator between the cosmic principle and the cosmic life of Non action Tao, since it is the origin of his mind. To understand the nature of Jeong-san Sangje who becomes one with the cosmic life, the old causal way of thinking which inquires the timely order and seeks for causes and effects should be abandoned. The new way of thinking is thus different from the old one. The core of cosmic life is abstracted as the essence-energy and god-blood. This structure is similar to the cosmic principle of birth-growth and contraction-recess. The death is a kind of event caused by the depletion of the essence, and all beings could altered into the god. It also would be returned to the natural birth place of the cosmos, as it were, that can be called the 'Return to the Origin'. As the cosmos goes to the new epoch, humans have been living together with the cosmic principle. Now we can expect the Posterior Time to open to humans as cosmic life of Non action Tao.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.759-769
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the application of laplacian-regularized mean apparent propagator (MAPL)-MRI to brain glioma-induced corticospinal tract (CST) injury. Materials and Methods: This study included 20 patients with glioma adjacent to the CST pathway who had undergone structural and diffusion MRI. The entire CSTs of the affected and healthy sides were reconstructed, and the peritumoral CSTs were manually segmented. The morphological characteristics of the CST (track number, average length, volume, displacement of the affected CST) were examined and the diffusion parameter values, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), mean squared displacement (MSD), q-space inverse variance (QIV), return-to-origin probability (RTOP), return-to-axis probabilities (RTAP), and return-to-plane probabilities (RTPP) along the entire and peritumoral CSTs, were calculated. The entire and peritumoral CST characteristics of the affected and healthy sides as well as those relative CST characteristics of the patients with motor weakness and normal motor function were compared. Results: The track number, volume, MD, RD, MSD, QIV, RTAP, RTOP, and RTPP of the entire and peritumoral CSTs changed significantly for the affected side, whereas the AD and FA changed significantly only in the peritumoral CST (p < 0.05). In patients with motor weakness, the relative MSD of the entire CST, QIV of the entire and peritumoral CSTs, and the AD, MD, RD of the peritumoral CST were significantly higher, whereas the RTPP of the entire and peritumoral CSTs and the RTOP of the peritumoral CST were significantly lower than those in patients with normal motor function (p < 0.05 for all). In contrast, no significant changes were found in the CST morphological characteristics, FA, or RTAP (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: MAPL-MRI is an effective approach for evaluating microstructural changes after CST injury. Its sensitivity may improve when using the peritumoral CST features.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2007

The implementation of client polling as a weak cache coherence mechanism has two major drawbacks: Firstly, the cache may return a stale copy if the object is changed in the origin server while the cached copy is considered valid. Secondly, the cache can invalidate a cached copy that is still valid in the server. Therefore, we propose a multilevel pre-fetching (MLP) in conjunction with the client polling to refine these drawbacks. MLP is introduced to improve the level of freshness among the cached objects. The simulation results presented in this paper show that the proposed MLP significantly minimizes the number of stale objects and reduces the invalidation messages sent out to the server, i.e., increase the cache HIT rate.