• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.93-105
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• 2008

This study was attempted to analyze causal relations among flexibility, growth, and profitability variables, which are the financial indexes of restaurant enterprises. The samples were 24 restaurant enterprises in total, and 102 financial statements between 2002 and 2006 were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, total asset growth rate influenced all profitability variables among growth variables. Also, the net sales growth influenced return on sales and return on assets, and the assets turnover influenced return on assets and return on equity. Among flexibility variables, current ratio and interest coverage ratio to operating profit influenced return on assets, and return on equity was influenced by current ratio and debt-to-equity ratio.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.109-115
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of Operating Costs and Income, Loan to Deposit Ratio on the Return on Asset (ROA) of Public-Private Foreign Exchange Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2015-2018 period. This study is a quantitative study using financial reports of Public-Private Foreign Exchange Banks listed on the IDX as a data source. This study's population is 25 Public-Private Foreign Exchange Banks listed on the IDX. This study uses purposive sampling to determine the sample to produce 21 banking companies. Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression methods and descriptive statistics. The F Test calculation results state that all the variables of free operating expenses, operating income, and the loan to deposit ratio simultaneously and significantly affect the return on assets (ROA) variable in Public-Private Foreign Exchange Banks listed on the IDX. This study's results indicate that simultaneously Operational Costs, Operational Income, and Loan to Deposit Ratio have a significant effect on ROA. Operational Costs and Operational Income have a significant negative impact on Return on Assets. The third hypothesis shows that the Loan to Deposit Ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on Return on Assets.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

Purpose - This paper attempts to determine the importance of financial sustainability and the impact of Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A) on the financial sustainability of the IT industry. Research design, data, and methodology - Primarily the impact of SG&A expenditure on the sales revenue, assets, gross margins and profit is ascertained. After that the impact of SG&A expenditure, sales revenue, assets, gross margins and profit on the financial sustainability i.e., return on assets is worked out. Finally the impacts of financial sustainability i.e., return on assets on total enterprise value and market valuation multiples are found out. Results - The empirical result shows that SG&A expenditure most strongly impacted sales revenue, assets, gross margins and profit positively. Financial sustainability impacted in mixed manner with SG&A expenditure, sales revenue, assets, gross margins and profit. Assets and gross margins have weak positive impact on financial sustainability. Sales revenue has no impact on financial sustainability. Finally financial sustainability had moderate positive impact on total enterprise value and had no impact on market valuation multiples. Conclusions - SG&A expense has moderate positive impact on the financial sustainability and magnitude is very low.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.699-707
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to examine the determinants of the liquidity of 17 commercial banks listed on the Vietnamese Stock Exchanges, HOSE, HNX and UPCoM. The study uses the quarterly audited financial statements from the first quarter of 2006 to first quarter of 2020; it includes 496 observations. Data on GDP and inflation are compiled from the International Monetary Fund and the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Once collected, the data were organized along the line of unbalanced panel data. The results show that total asset size, return on total assets, and credit growth are positively associated with the liquidity of the listed banks; whereas the interaction between the bank size and the return on total assets has a negative impact on the liquidity of commercial banks listed on the HNX, HOSE, UPCoM. In order to maintain good liquidity, commercial banks need to focus on effective credit growth, ensure a high rate of profit over total assets, and at the same time focus on developing the scale of total assets. However, the development of the size of the total assets should be noted in the balance between the total assets and the rate of return on the total assets.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

This study attempts to measure the financial performance of the food distribution company. In order to achieve the goal, this study have measured the ratios of ROE, ROA applying the DuPont analysis, which have been demonstrated with tables to show the change periodically. DuPont analysis is based on analysis of Return on Equity (ROE) & Return on Investment (ROI). The return on equity disaggregate performance into three components: Net Profit Margin, Total Asset Turnover, and the Equity Multiplier. The return on investment consists of Assets Turnover (Operating Income${\times}$Total Assets) and Profit Margin (EBIT${\times}$Operating Income). From the study it if found that Hyundae Green Food's Financial performance is high followed by Foodmerce and then Dongwon home food and Lotte Food. The four companies are significant at their level. In conclusion, ROE & ROI is the most comprehensive measure of profitability of a firm. It considers the operating and investing decisions can be made as well as the financing and their leverage-related decisions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.9-18
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• 2020

This study seeks to analyze the effect of Non-Performing Loans and Capital Adequacy Ratio on Return on Assets on ten conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI-IDX). This study uses secondary panel data for 2015-2019 in the form of CAR and NPL values from ten conventional banks listed on the BEI-IDX during the 2020 observation period. The research approach is quantitative descriptive with data analysis methods, namely, linear regression. The testing phase of this study includes: transform value, F-test, T-test and hypothesis test with significancy level sig < 0.05. The results of this study reveal that Non-Performing Loans had a significant negative effect (t = -2,637) (0.011 <0.0) on Return on Assets, while Capital Adequacy Ratio has no significant effect on ROA (0.760 > 0.05). R2 value is 0.128 or 12.8%. It has a significant effect on variables, calling efforts by banks, governments, and authorities monetary of related institutions to maintain the stability of finance. The reduction of Non-Performing Loan impacts on assets and capital adequacy ratio, besides, the normal NPL will control the stability of finance. If a balance is created either in the form of values or amounts of the variables, the reduction in Non-Performing Loans will be controlled.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.27
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• pp.31-52
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• 2008

Intangible Assets are more important determinants of firm value than others in a digital information-based economy(Lev, 2001). Prior research reveals that investments in intangible assets such as R&D and advertising expenditures are associated with firm value. This paper examines the effects of the corporate investments in the information technologies(IT) on stock return and economic goodwill. The sample consists of 152 firms listed on the Korean stock market in 2002. To test hypothesis We employed multiple regression models. Results are as follows; First, IT environment, IT process, and IT human resource are positively associated with firm's IT value. Second, firm's IT value is positively correlated with firm's economic goodwill. Third, firm's IT value is positively correlated with firm's stock return. These results suggest that the investments related with IT are effective in cultivating firm's value and Stock investors can make the best use of firm's announcements related with IT value. Thus the authorities concerned need to expand the public announcements related IT value.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.123-137
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• 2010

The main purpose of this article is for deriving functions related to the prediction of the closure of the hospitals, and finding out how the discriminant functions affect the closure of the hospitals. Empirical data were collected from 3 years financial statements of 41 private hospitals closed down from 2000 till 2006 and 62 private hospitals in business till now. As a result, the functions related to the prediction of the closure of the private hospital are 4 indices: Return on Assets, Operating Margin, Normal Profit Total Assets, Interest expenses to Total borrowings and bonds payable. From these discriminant functions predicting the closure, I found that the profitability indices - Return on Assets, Operating Margin, Normal Profit Total Assets - are the significant affecting factors. The discriminant functions predicting the closure of the group of the hospitals, 3 years before the closure were Normal Profit to Gross Revenues, Total borrowings and bonds payable to total assets, Total Assets Turnover, Total borrowings and bonds payable to Revenues, Interest expenses to Total borrowings and bonds payable and among them Normal Profit to Gross Revenues, Total borrowings and bonds payable to total assets, Total Assets Turnover, Total borrowings and bonds payable to Revenues are the significant affecting factors. However 2 years before the closure, the discriminant functions predicting the closure of the hospital were Interest expenses to Total borrowings and bonds payable and it was the significant affecting factor. And, one year before the closure, the discriminant functions predicting the closure were Total Assets Turnover, Fixed Assets Turnover, Growth Rate of Total Assets, Growth Rate of Revenues, Interest expenses to Revenues, Interest expenses to Total borrowings and bonds payable. Among them, Total Assets Turnover, Growth Rate of Revenues, Interest expenses to Revenues were the significant affecting factors.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.37
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• pp.371-405
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• 2004

International circulation of cultural assets involves numerous countries thereby making an approach based on international law essential to resolving this problem. Since the end of the $2^{nd}$ World War, as the value of cultural assets evolved from material value to moral and ethical values, with emphasis on establishing national identities, newly independent nations and former colonial states took issue with ownership of cultural assets which led to the need for international cooperation and statutory provisions for the return of cultural assets. UNESCO's 1954 "Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict" as preparatory measures for the protection of cultural assets, the 1970 "Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property" to regulate transfer of cultural assets, and the 1995 "Unidroit Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects" which required the return of illegally acquired cultural property are examples of international agreements established on illegal transfers of cultural assets. In addition, the UN agency UNESCO established the Division of Cultural Heritage to oversee cultural assets related matters, and the UN since its 1973 resolution 3187, has continued to demonstrate interest in protection of cultural assets. The resolution 3187 affirms the return of cultural assets to the country of origin, advises on preventing illegal transfers of works of art and cultural assets, advises cataloguing cultural assets within the respective countries and, conclusively, recommends becoming a member of UNESCO, composing a forum for international cooperation. Differences in defining cultural assets pose a limitation on international agreements. While the 1954 Convention states that cultural assets are not limited to movable property and includes immovable property, the 1970 Convention's objective of 'Prohibiting and preventing the illicit import, export and transfer of ownership of cultural property' effectively limits the subject to tangible movable cultural property. The 1995 Convention also has tangible movable cultural property as its subject. On this point, the two conventions demonstrate distinction from the 1954 Convention and the 1972 Convention that focuses on immovable cultural property and natural property. The disparity in defining cultural property is due to the object and purpose of the convention and does not reflect an inherent divergence. In the case of Korea, beginning with the 1866 French invasion, 36 years of Japanese colonial rule, military rule and period of economic development caused outflow of numerous cultural assets to foreign countries. Of course, it is neither possible nor necessary to have all of these cultural properties returned, but among those that have significant value in establishing cultural and historical identity or those that have been taken symbolically as a demonstration of occupational rule can cause issues in their return. In these cases, the 1954 Convention and the ratification of the first legislation must be actively considered. In the return of cultural property, if the illicit acquisition is the core issue, it is a simple matter of following the international accords, while if it rises to the level of diplomatic discussions, it will become a political issue. In that case, the country requesting the return must convince the counterpart country. Realizing a response to the earnest need for preventing illicit trading of cultural assets will require extensive national and civic societal efforts in the East Asian area to overcome its current deficiencies. The most effective way to prevent illicit trading of cultural property is rapid circulation of information between Interpol member countries, which will require development of an internet based communication system as well as more effective deployment of legislation to prevent trading of illicitly acquired cultural property, subscription to international conventions and cataloguing collections.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 2015

Purpose - This research investigates the effect of disclosure quality with two main components, reliability and timeliness, on economic value added in Iran. Research design, data, and methodology - The sampling includes 170 Tehran Stock Exchange listed companies from 2008-12. Multiple regression analysis was applied to test the hypotheses and estimates of the coefficients. Firm size and return on assets were the control variables. Results - The results show that timeliness of information has a positive impact on economic value added. We did not find any significant relationship between disclosure quality and reliability of information and economic value added. The regressed model shows that there is no significant association between firm size and economic value added. The results also show that there is a positive association between return on assets and economic value added. Conclusions - Theoretically, timely information is effective in decision-making. This study shows that timeliness of information has positive effect on the creation of economic value added. However, disclosure quality, reliability, and firm size do not effect on economic value added. Companies with greater return on assets produce greater economic value added.