• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to determine whether there are differences in the level of return and risk of the conventional and Islamic capital markets. Research design, data and methodology: This study takes data on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) and the Liquid-45 (LQ45) stock groups in the 2017 to 2020 period. The research approach used is quantitative research with a type of comparison. The data used secondary data sourced from the closing price of shares on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The statistical method used to test the hypothesis is a different test or independent sample t-test. Results: There is a significant difference between the rate of return and investment risk in JII and LQ-45. The rate of return and risk of investing in LQ-45 is higher than that of JII. Conclusions: There is a significant difference in the rate of return on investment in Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) and LQ-45, including conventional stock Liquid-45 (LQ-45) is higher than the rate of return on shares of JII shares. There is a significant difference in the level of investment risk in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) and the Liquid-45 (LQ-45), where the risk level for the LQ-45 is higher than that of the JII shares.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.69-78
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• 1986

This studies were established to find out the characteristics of frequency distributiom for the number of occurrence and magnitude, probable flood flows according to the return periods, design floods, and design frequency factors for the studying basins in relation to the risk levels which can be correlated with design return period and the life of structure in the non-annual exceedance series. Eight watersheds along Han, Geum, Nak Dong and Seom Jin river basin were selected as studying basins. The results were analyzed and summarized as follows. 1. Poisson distribution and Exponential distribution were tested as a good fitted distributions for the number of occurrence and magnitude for exceedance event, respectively,at selected watersheds along Han, Geum, Nak Dong and Seom Jin river basin. 2.Formulas for the probable flood flows and probable flood flows according to the return periods were derivated for the exponential distribution at the selected watersheds along Han, Geum, Nak Dong, and Seom Jin river basin. 3.Analysis for the risk of failure was connected return period with design life of structure in the non-annual exceedance series. 4.Empirical formulas for the design frequency factors were derivated from under the condition of the return periods identify with the life of structure in relation to the different risk levels in the non-annual exceedance series. 5.Design freguency factors were appeared to be increased in proportion to the return periods while those are in inverse proportion to the levels of the risk of failure. Numerical values for the design frequency factors for the non-annual exceedance series ware appeared generally higher than those of annual maximum series already published by the first report. 6. Design floods according to the different risk levels could be derivated by using of formulas of the design frequency factors for all studying watersheds in the nor-annual exceedance series.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.12
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• pp.1958-1964
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• 2016

AC railway feeding system use single phase to supply power to the railway vehicles. And the system use the rail track as a return current path, so that current flows in the rail. In this situation inductive interference on communication system and unsafe environment can appear on railway system. Therefore knowing the current distribution of catenary system and analysing the return current is required. In this study detail return current distribution was analyzed by modeling the catenary system as 4-conductors group. The distribution characteristics and trends of return current were studied by using the PSCAD/EMTDC and FDTD method that based on Maxwell equation was used to calculate the induced voltage. Simulation code was made by MATLAB. Using this study result data, we can suggest the proper installation location of digital device and these data can be used for additional studies related to return current or induced voltage as a base data.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.5-25
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• 2008

This paper analysed the impact of return policy as a coordination mechanism for decentralized supply chain with one capacitated supplier and two competing retailers under random demand distribution. In this study, Shortage gaming also considered to reflect a competing environment of two retailers. System dynamics approach was used to model the baseline two echelon supply chain and return policy on it. Given each of 4 experiment settings being used for 100 simulations with different random seeds, 400 random samples were used in a t-test. The result show that return policy significantly enhance the supply chain profits and fillrates. The analysis suggest that the supply chain performance can be build up by implementing a return policy even though under consideration of a capacitated supplier and competing retailers.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.355-372
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• 2014

Considering the history of severe earthquakes and the presence of active faults in the greater Tehran region, the possibility of a destructive earthquake occurring is high and seismic hazard analysis is crucial. Gumbel distributions are commonly-used statistical distributions in earthquake engineering and seismology. Their main advantage is their basis on the largest earthquake magnitudes selected from an equal-time predefined set. In this study, the first asymptotic distribution of extremes is used to estimate seismicity parameters and peak ground acceleration (PGA). By assuming a Poisson distribution for the earthquakes, after estimation of seismicity parameters, the mean return period and the probable maximum magnitude within a given time interval are obtained. A maximum probable magnitude of 7.0 has a mean return period of 100 years in this region. For a return period of 475 years, the PGA in the greater Tehran region is estimated to be 0.39g to 0.42g, depending on local site conditions. This value is greater than that of the Iranian Code for Seismic Design of Buildings, indicating that a revision of the code is necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.458-458
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• 2022

It is essential to reduce global carbon emissions, mainly from energy use. The water supply and distribution sector is a vital part of human society and is one of the primary energy consumers. The procurement and distribution of water require electricity to operate the pump to deliver water to users with sufficient pressure. As the water users are spatially distributed over a wide area, the energy required to deliver water to each user differs depending on the corresponding supplying element (reservoir, tank, pipe, pump, and valve). This difference in energy required for each user also comes with a difference in pressure availability which affects the level of service for individual users and the whole network. Typically, there is a disproportion where users close to the source experience excessively high pressure with low energy consumption. In contrast, remote users need more energy to get the minimum pressure. This study proposes the Energy Return Index (ERI) to quantify the pressure return from particular energy consumption to supply water to each node. The disproportionality can be quantified and identified in the network using the proposed ERI. The index can be applied to optimize the network elements such as pump operation and tank location/size to reach a balanced energy consumption with the appropriate level of service.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2011

In this study, annual maximum storm events are evaluated by applying the bivariate extremal distribution. Rainfall quantiles of probabilistic storm event are calculated using OR case joint return period, AND case joint return period and interval conditional joint return period. The difference between each of three joint return periods was explained by the quadrant which shows probability calculation concept in the bivariate frequency analysis. Rainfall quantiles under AND case joint return periods are similar to rainfall depths in the univariate frequency analysis. The probabilistic storm events overcome the primary limitation of conventional univariate frequency analysis. The application of these storm event analysis provides a simple, statistically efficient means of characterizing frequency of extreme storm event.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

The study investigates the impact of accrual anomaly on stock return ratio of listed firms in Vietnam. Data were collected from listed firms for the period from 2008 to 2018. To learn about the causes of accrual anomaly in returns and future rate of returns on the Vietnamese stock market, this research is based on accrual analysis of Richardson, Sloan, Soliman, and Tuna (2006) on growth and effective components. We employ GLS regression model for examining the impact of accrual anomaly on stock return ratio and T-test for checking the difference between the lowest and the highest portfolio. The results show that accounting distortion is the main factor impacting the stock return, not growth determinant. Both two determinants of accounting distortion and growth contribute the explanation of the impact of accrual anomaly on profit and future stock return ratio. Experimental evidence confirms an abnormal existence of accrual in the Vietnam stock market. Aggregate accrual is negatively correlated with future operating profit and future stock return. However, after considering the factors contributing to the impact of future profitability and return on stock returns, the study results show that accounting distortion can account for low sustainability of income that is not growth.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 2020

The objectives of this study are threefold: 1) to identify the concepts of earnings, stock return and liquidity risks on public shareholding industrial companies listed in the Amman Stock Exchange, 2) to investigate the relationship between earnings, stock return, strength and direction of this relationship, and 3) to find out the effect of liquidity risks at stock return and the effect of liquidity risks on the relationship between earnings and stock return on Jordanian public shareholding industrial companies. To achieve the objectives, an analytical descriptive approach was used. As the data on the public shareholding industrial companies listed in the Amman Stock Exchange were accredited by 52 companies for the period between 2014-2019, data validation tests and their suitability for analysis were considered. A linear regression test was used to test the study hypotheses on the statistical analysis program. The results show that there is a positive and significant correlation at significance level between the earnings and stock return. The results of the study also showed that there is a statistically significant negative effect at significance level of liquidity risk on stock return. In addition, it was demonstrated that liquidity risks have significant negative effects on the relationship between earnings and stock returns.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.105-115
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• 2020

The study empirically examines the effects of loan portfolio diversification on bank risk and return in the nascent banking market of Vietnam. Loan portfolio diversification is captured through the Hirschman-Herfindahl index and the Shannon Entropy with sectoral exposures. We access each bank's financial reports to collect the required data, especially the breakdown of sectoral loan portfolios, thus constituting a unique dataset. To compute bank return, we use the traditional accounting indicators, including return-on-assets, return-on-equity, and net-interest margin. For bank risk, we utilize the loan-loss provisions and non-performing loans relative to gross customer loans. Using a sample of 30 commercial banks over the period from 2008 to 2019 and the system generalized method of moments estimator for the dynamic panel, we indicate the downsides of portfolio diversification. Concretely, we observe that all diversification measures exhibit significantly negative signs in all regressions across different bank return proxies. At the same time, the estimates display the significant and positive impact of diversification on the non-performing loan ratio. Hence, sectoral loan portfolio diversification significantly hampers bank performance in both aspects of lower return and higher credit risk. The results are robust across a rich set of bank performance and portfolio diversification measures.