• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.361-378
• /
• 2012

Most of the current frequency hopping (FH) based dynamic spectrum access (DSA) methods concern a reactive channel access scheme with synchronous inter-channel spectrum sensing, i.e., FH is reactively triggered by the primary user (PU)'s return reported by spectrum sensing, and the PU channel to be switched to is assumed precisely just sensed or ready to be sensed, as if the inter-channel spectrum sensing moments are synchronous. However, the inter-channel spectrum sensing moments are more likely to be asynchronous, which risks PU suffering more interference. Moreover, the spectrum sensing is usually erroneous, which renders the problem more complex. To address this problem, we propose a proactive FH based DSA method against both erroneous spectrum sensing and asynchronous inter-channel spectrum sensing (moments). We term it as proactive DSA. The optimal FH sequence is obtained by dynamic programming. The complexity is also analyzed. Finally, the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2005

The study shows the possible use of the index flood frequency curves for an estimation of flood quantiles at ungauged locations. Flood frequency analysis were made for the annual maximum flood data series at 9 available stations in the Han river basin. From the flood frquency curve at each station the mean annual flood of 2.33-year return period was determined and the ratios of the flood magnitude of various return period to the mean annual flood at each station were averaged throughout the Han river basin, resulting mean flood ratios of different return periods. A correlation analysis was made between the mean annual flood and physiographic parameters of the watersheds i.e, the watershed area and mean river channel slope, resulting an empirical multiple linear regression equation over the whole Han river basin. For unguaged watershed the flood of a specified return period could be estimated by multiplying the mead flood ratio corresponding the return period with the mean annual flood computed by the empirical formula developed in terms of the watershed area and river channel slope. To verify the applicability of the methodology developed in the present study the floods of various return periods determined for the watershed in the river channel improvement plan formulation by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation(MOCT) were compared with those estimated by the present method. The result proved a resonable agreement up to the watershed area of approximately 2,000k $m^2$. It is suggested that the practice of design flood estimation based on the rainfall-runoff analysis might have to be reevaluated because it involves too much uncertainties in the hydrologic data and rainfall-runoff model calibration.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2001

A numerical analysis to predict the flow characteristics in turbo fan for vacuum cleaner has been performed by using CFD. The rotating reference frame method is applied to compute the impeller-diffuser interaction and the characteristics of two models, 460 and 380, are calculated for various rotating speeds and flow rates. The flow in impeller, diffuser and return channel is assumed as steady and compressible. STAR-CD with k- $\epsilon$ turbulence model is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. Computed relative velocity, absolute pressure and flow angles are shown and compared with measurement results. The good agreement between the predictions and measurement results confirms the validity of this study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2014.04a
• /
• pp.149-151
• /
• 2014

DVB-S2/RCS (Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite/Return Channel via Satellite)는 위성 방송 및 데이터 통신을 위한 표준으로서 높은 통신 품질 및 향상된 위성 자원 이용을 위해 수립되었다. DVB-RCS 의 MF-TDMA (Multi-Frequency Time Division Multiple Access)는 동적인 자원할당이 가능하며, 이에 따라 통신 요구 사항이 증가하는 군 위성 통신 체계로의 적용 연구가 활발하게 진행 중이다. 그러나 기존 MF-TDMA 위성 통신은 군 통신에 필수적인 항재밍에 대한 고려가 부족한 실정이다. 부분대역 재밍시, 다구의 RCST (Return Channel Satellite Terminal)에 통신 저하를 초래 할 수 있으며, 망 자원을 관리하는 제어 채널의 재밍으로 다수 RCST 의 채널 탈퇴를 초래할 가능성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 부분대역 재밍 시 RCST 의 통신 저하를 최소화하며, 제어 채널 재밍으로 인한 다구 RCST 의 채널 탈퇴를 예방하는 자원할당 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 다양한 대역폭을 지원하는 MF-TDMA 에 적용 가능함으로써 다양한 장비가 혼재하는 군사 환경에 매우 적합하다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제어 채널의 재밍 확률과, RCST 의 자원할당 효율을 기존 자원할당 알고리즘과 비교하였으며, 제안한 알고리즘이 우수한 성능을 보임을 확인 하였다.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2013

Even if transmissions through normal channel between ubiquitous devices and terminal readers are encrypted, any extra sources of information retrieved from encrypting module can be exploited to figure out the key parameters, so called side channel attack. Since side channel attacks are based on statistical methods, making side channel signal weak or complex is the proper solution to prevent the attack. Among many countermeasures, shielding the electromagnetic signal and adding noise to the EM signal were examined by applying different thicknesses of thin films of ferroelectric (BTO) and conductors (copper and gold). As a test vehicle, chip antenna was utilized to see the change in radiation characteristics: return loss and gain. As a result, the ferroelectric BTO showed no recognizable effect on both shielding and adding noise. Cu thin film showed increasing shielding effect with thickness. Nanometer Au exhibited possibility in adding noise by widening of bandwidth and red shifting of resonating frequencies.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.40 no.11
• /
• pp.727-736
• /
• 2016

In this study, a high-pressure multistage pump used in the combined cycle power plants is analyzed. The pump performance characteristics (differential head and efficiency) are numerically analyzed for different shapes of the radial diffuser. The design variables selected for the radial diffuser are, number of vanes, diameter ratio ($D_4/D_3$), return channel outlet angle(${\alpha}_6$), and pressure recovery factor ($C_p$). The numerical analysis results showed that the differential head and efficiency are the highest when the diameter ratio is the highest. Further, it was observed that the differential head was lower when the return channel outlet angle was $60^{\circ}$ than when it was $90^{\circ}$, because of pre-swirl at the diffuser outlet.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2008

To optimize the stationary components in the multistage centrifugal pump, the effects of the return vane profile on the performances of the multistage centrifugal pump were investigated experimentally, taking account of the inlet flow conditions for the next stage impeller. The return vane, whose trailing edge is set at the outer wall position of the annular channel downstream of the vane and which discharges the swirl-less flow, gives better pump performances. By equipping such return vane with the swirl stop set from the trailing edge to the main shaft position, the unstable head characteristics can be also suppressed successfully at the lower discharge. Taking the pump performances and the flow conditions into account, the impeller blade was modified so as to get the shock-free condition where the incidence angle is zero at the inlet.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.966-980
• /
• 2011

Radar receiving echo signal provides target information - range, velocity and position by signal magnitude and Doppler shift, which are determined by target reflection characteristics and target maneuver. Target angle error is extracted from the magnitude ratio of difference channel to sum channel. In this paper, we introduce a radar Return Signal Simulation Equipment(RSSE) which is implemented for the purpose of performance analysis and evaluation of phased array multi-function radar(MFR). It generates multi-target environment with jamming signals using MC-DDS (Multi-Channel Direct Digital Synthesis), and has scalability by using the efficient hardware configuration. The performance of the developed RSSE has been evaluated under various test environments. Especially, we proved that required target detection performance is achieved by RSP(Radar Signal Processor) interfaced RSSE configuration.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.442-451
• /
• 2008

We analyzed characteristics of rainfall-runoff for the channel of Yongwon area made by a new port construction. And we conducted inundation analysis on the region of lower elevation near the coast. SWMM5 was calibrated with the storm produced by the typhoon Megi from August 19 to August 20 in 2004, and was verified with the storm from August 22 to August 22 in 2004. We performed hydraulic channel routing of Yongwon channel about typhoon Megi from August 19 to August 20 in 2004 by UNET model which is a hydraulic channel routing. The simulated runoff hydrographs were added to the new stream as lateral inflow hydrographs and a watershed runoff hydrograph was the upstream boundary condition. The downstream boundary condition data were estimated by the measured stage hydrographs. The maximum stage that was calculated by hydraulic channel routing was higher than the levee of inundated region in typhoon Megi. Thus we can suppose an inundation to have been occurred. We performed inundation analysis about typhoon Megi from August 19 to August 20 in 2004 and flood discharge of return period 10~150 years. And we estimated each inundation area. The inundation areas by return periods of storms were estimated by 3.4~5.7 ha. The causes of inundation are low heights of levee crests (D.L. 2.033~2.583 m), storm surges induced by typhoons and reverse flow through the coastal sewers (D.L. -0.217~0.783 m). A result of this study can apply to establish countermeasure of a flood disaster in Yongwon.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.1448-1458
• /
• 1997

In this paper the reverse link of the GLOBALSTAR-the representative CDMA LEO satellite system and LEO mobile satellite channel are developed by the SPW software simulation tool. And the performance of the system is evaluated. GLOBALSTAR is designed to give cellular-type service to hand-held user terminals through a constellation of 48 LEO satellites in circular orbites with 1414 Km altitude. Since LEO mobile satellite system communicates with mobile unit, it is suffered from severe multipath fading and shadowing. The fast mobility of LEO satellites makes the channel condition time vering. So, the LEO mobile satellite channel is different from land mobile channels. In this unique LEO satellite channel, it is shown that the performance of the GLOBALSTAR reverse link is varied according to the elevational angle, but this variation is overcome by satellite path diversity.