• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.278-285
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• 2000

Nausea, vomiting and retching are universal symptoms that affect individuals' state of health and self-care activities of individuals. Accurate measurements of individual symptoms are required to gather more definitive data, and enhance understanding, planning, and implementation of self-care actions. Recently the Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching(INVR), a new format of the INV-2(the Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting), was developed to measure the symptoms of nausea, vomiting and retching in an English speaking population. To determine the reliability and validity of the INVR, and the possibility of using the instrument in Korea, the Korean translation of the INVR and the INV-2 were administered to a convenient sample of 105 patients at two University Hospitals in Kwangju, Korea. The Cronbach's alpha to estimate the internal consistency of reliability for INVR was 0.844. Equivalent measures of reliability were conducted to determine the percentage of agreement and the Spearman rank correlation coefficients for responses on the two instruments. The percent agreement was 83% and the correlation coefficient was 0.906 over all. A significant differences between the INVR scores of the patients with and without nausea, vomiting, or retching were seen, which indicated a construct validity. The INVR was found to be more user friendly for the patient and the healthcare providers. As a result, it is suggested that the INVR can provide a scientific base for measuring the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and retching for nurses to improve patients' care and quality of life.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2013

Objectives : "The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of Soshiho-tang(小柴胡湯)" on the patient suffered from nausea, retching, vomiting and postprandial fullness. Methods : We diagnosed the symptoms and the signs of the patient as Soshiho-tang syndrome(小柴胡湯證) according to "Treatise on Cold Damage Disease(傷寒論)". We prescribed Soshiho-tang with acupuncture and moxibustion for about 2 weeks. Results : The subjective assessments of the nausea and postprandial fullness had improved. And the frequencies of the retching and vomiting had decreased. Conclusions : We suggest that Soshiho-tang has effectiveness on nausea, retching, vomiting and postprandial fullness in patient diagnosed as Soshiho-tang symptom.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.6 no.1 s.10
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• pp.1-5
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• 2006

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of propofol on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following general anesthesia to the patients having oral and maxillofacial surgery. Methods: In a prospective, randomized. case-controlled study. 200 patients were divided into two groups (n = 100 in each). In propofol (P) group, patients received 0.5 mg/kg of propofol intravenously at the end of anesthesia. In control (C) group, no antiemetics was given. Emetic symptoms like nausea, retching and vomiting were assessed by a blind nurse at 1 hour and at 24 hours after anesthesia respectively. Also level of sedation was checked by a blind anesthesiologist at 1 hour after anesthesia. Results: There were no significant differences in frequencies of nausea, retching and vomiting between C group and P group at 1 hour after anesthesia. However, nausea, retching and vomiting were all decreased in P group compared with C group at 24 hours after anesthesia (P < 0.05). Also there was no significant difference in level of sedation at 1 hour after anesthesia between C group and P group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: From the results, prophylactic use of subhypnotic dose of propofol could be effective for preventing PONV without change in level of sedation to the patients undergoing general anesthesia for oral and maxillofaical surgery.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of Pericardium Kimek (K9) and Nei-Guan (P6) acupressure on relief of the anxiety, nausea, retching and physiologic changes (oxygen saturation, blood pressure, heart rate, temperature and respiration) in the patients undergoing unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used. The participants were assigned into the listed three groups, i.e., the control group, the first experimental group (E1: K9 acupressure group) and the second experimental group (E2: P6 acupressure group). A total of 60 participants were included for analysis. Results: The severity of nausea (F=3.503, p=.037), the oxygen saturation (F=5.417, p=.007). and the respiration rate (F=7.270, p=.002) showed statistically significant differences in three groups. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, K9 acupressure with moxa pellets and P6 acupressure with wristbands (Sea-Band) are considered to be safe and an easy-to-apply intervention to relieve nausea and maintain the level of oxygen saturation and respiration rate in patients undergone unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.183-186
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• 2003

Prolapse gastropathy is not uncommon in adult, but is not reported yet in previously healthy children. A 3-year-old child came to our emergency room after a 1-day history of emesis episodes with coffee-ground hematemesis. During the endoscopic procedure, and the process of retching and vomiting was observed and a tense knuckle of gastric mucosa was seen to be forcefully and repeated prolapsed into the distal esophageal mucosa, and mucosal hematoma was found in the gastric fundus. Upper gastrointestinal study revealed no abnormality and 24 hour pH monitoring revealed no pathologic gastroesophageal reflux. Retching is thought to cause the forceful prolapse and induce subsequent trauma of gastric mucosa. This case illustrates that the episodes of vigorous retching and resultant gastric mucosa are now considered to be the cause of the hematemesis and epigastric pain in children.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2011

Purpose: Patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) is an effective method for controlling post surgical pain. However, it is associated with adverse drug reactions such as nausea and vomiting. In this, study we tested the effects of Nei-Guan (P6) acupressure on PCEA-associated nausea, vomiting, and pain in geriatric patients after total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKRA). Methods: Ninety-nine patients who had TKRA for the first time were randomly assigned to either, experiment group (n=50) or control groups (n=49). All patients received PCEA immediately after surgery, but acupressure on Nei-Guan (P6) point was applied to experiment group only. Ten minutes of finger acupressure on Nei-Guan (P6) acupressure point was applied twice with 15 minute-interval in the experiment group. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, and retching as well as pain intensity were assessed at 12 and 24 hours after surgery. Nausea, and vomiting were assessed by Index of Nausea, Vomiting and Retching (INVR) questionnaire. Pain intensity was measured with frequency of analgesics. Results: Vomiting both was significantly different between two groups at 12 hours (t=-2.18, p=0.03) and 24 hours (t=-2.64, p=0.01) after surgery. Total scores of nausea, vomiting and retching in experimental group was significantly lower than control group 24hours after surgery (t=-2.18, p=0.03). However, pain was not different between two groups. Conclusion: Nei-Guan (P6) acupressure may be considered as an effective nursing intervention to decrease PCEA-associated nausea and vomiting in older patients after TKRA.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1326-1333
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the changes on Index of Nausea, Vomiting, & Retching (INVR) during a cycle of chemotherapy, Methods: Forty-three patients hospitalized for chemotherapy at C University Hospital during a period of 5 days from March to May, 2003 were examined, Scores of INVR were measured once a day, Anxiety, anorexia, fatigue, and sleep satisfaction were measured before chemotherapy, Data was analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA, Results: The score of INVR increased over time during the days of hospitalization and showed a peak on the third day, The score was significantly higher on the third and consecutive cycles than on the first and second cycle, The score was significantly higher in patients in their forties and fifties rather than in their sixties, The score was higher in women than in men, and also increased as the sleep satisfaction decreased, Conclusion: These results suggested that specific interventions for relief of nausea & vomiting were needed in middle age, women, the third chemotherapy cycle, and the third day after chemotherapy.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.257-270
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• 2006

In yang brightness disease, Capillaris dedoction, Phellodendron dedoction and Ephedra forsythia rice bean dedoction treat generallized yellowing yellow inhibited urination, absence of sweating, thirst, and abdominal fullness. Basic lesser yang disease pattern with bitter taste in the mouse dry throat dizzy vision alternating aversion to cold and heat effusion chest and rib-side fullness taciturnity with no desire to eat heart vexation frequent retching and pulse that is fine and stringlike treat with Minor bupleurum dedoction. Three yin disease should be treated by warming the spleen and drying dampness, requiring urgent warming, using formulae such as Center-rectifying dedoction, Aconite dedoction and Counterflow cold dedoction.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.5 no.1_2
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• pp.37-44
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• 1990

Synthetic detergents and surfactants are in widespread usage as household and industrial detergents. Potential human toxic hazard arises following percutaneous absorption or oral ingestion of solution residues from kitchen and feeding utensils, fruits, and vegetables and contaminated water supplies. A toxicological investigations was performed with the synthetic detergents and surfactants [linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), ${\alpha}$-olefin sulfonate (AOS), sodium lauryl sulfonate (SLS), sodium lauryl ester sulfonate (SLES)］, In acute toxicity, agents were administered subcutaneously into ICR mice. In acute study, after lowering of spontaneous motility, respiratory failure, death appeared, vomitting was often associated with salivation and or retching. No sex difference was observed in LD$\sub$50/ of mice. In subacute toxicity, agents were administered orally into SD rats. Body weight increase was suppressed and there was no adverse effect on food and water consumption. The weight of organs were not changed by agents as compared with control group. No specific change was observed in biochemical and hematologicalor data.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 1992

This study has been carried out to investigate the cause, symptom and treatment of Gi-Su(氣嗽) by referring to 20 literatures. The results were as follows; 1. The factors causing Gi-Su(氣嗽) divided into 3 groups. The 1st outer factors are mental element, 2nd spleen week 3rd dam(痰). 2. The symptom of Gi-Su(氣嗽) is as follows. stimulus feeling in throat, cough, pain of sub-ribs, bad feeling, retching, vomiting, unfair, fatigue, worn, diarrhea, dark tongue, makhyun(脈弦). 3. The treatment of Gi-Su(氣嗽) is as follows. gaewulhanggi(關鬱行氣), egichungpae(利膈淸肺), hwadam(化痰), soganhaeWul(疏肝解鬱), hanggidoche(行氣導滯), sangyuljedam(散結除痰) 4. The drugs of Gi-Su(氣嗽) is as follows. chilgitang(七氣湯), gamisachiltang(加味四七湯), sojaganggitang(蘇子降氣湯), banhahubaktang(半夏厚朴湯).