• Wind and Structures
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.555-571
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• 2016

A hanging-type sand-retaining wall is a very common sand-blocking fence structure used to prevent sand movement. This type of wall is widely used along the Qinghai-Tibet and Gobi desert railways in Xinjiang, Western China. To analyze the characteristics of wind-sand flow fields under the effect of such a sand fence structure, a wind tunnel test and a field test were carried out. The wind tunnel test showed the zoning characteristics of the flow fields under the effect of the hanging-type sand-retaining wall, and the field test provided the sediment transport data for effective wind-proof interval and the sand resistance data in the front and behind the sand-retaining wall. The consistency of the wind-sand flow fields with the spatial distribution characteristic of wind-carried sand motion was verified by the correspondences of the acceleration zone in the flow field and the negative elevation points of the percentage variations of the sand collection rate. The spatial distribution characteristic of the field sand collection data further showed the spatial structural characteristic of the sandy air currents under the action of the hanging-type sand-retaining wall and the sand resistance characteristic of the sand-retaining wall. This systematic study on the wind-sand flow fields under the control of the hanging-type sand-retaining wall provides a theoretical basis for the rational layout of sand control engineering systems and the efficient utilization of a hanging-type sand-retaining wall.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2000

Retaining walls are used to prevent excessive movement of retained soils. Typical retaining walls include gravity, reinforced concrete, reinforced earth and tie-back. However, from a practical viewpoint there are still drawbacks among these often constructed retaining walls. New types of retaining walls constructed with precast concrete blocks are proposed. This type of retaining wall is incorporates each blocks interconnected with adjacent block by connecting unit to build up a flexible retaining-wall system. This paper focus to behavior characteristics includes deformation and distribution of lateral earth pressure by loading tests and FEM analysis. For model tests, a 1/10 scale reduce models are manufactured include unevenness part, drainage hole and connecting unit and steel wire used to connect each blocks with adjacent block. To simulate the real retaining walls closely, uneven parts are interconnected each other and the construction type of blocks and wall front inclination are varied to investigate the relative displacement of individual block and the location of maximum deformation of wall as increasing surcharging. Additionally, PENTAGON3D, which solve the geotechnical and other problem, used for verifying and comparing with model tests.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.350-358
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• 2009

To enhance the application of the reinforced retaining walls in the railway industry, this paper suggested a type of reinforcement subgrade with short reinforcement and rigid facing. To become popular the reinforced retaining walls in the industry, the deformation of retaining walls should be controlled below some limited level. In this paper, small scale and full scale tests of the proposed retaining walls were performed and their deformation characteristics were evaluated. Even though it has short reinforcement, the rigid type retaining wall had small deformation to the external train loading than the segmental type retaining wall had.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 2011

The strength properties of wooden retaining wall which was made with pitch pine were evaluated. Wooden retaining wall was made with diameter 90 mm of pitch pine round posts treated with CUAZ-2 (Copper Azole). The length of the front stretcher of the retaining wall was 3,000 mm. The distance between the headers (the notched member) is 1,000 mm in center and is 900 mm in side. There were connections every 2,000 mm because actually the length of stretcher is limited in the retaining wall. The strength test was carried out according to connection type because the section between stretchers can act as a defect. A result of the strength test according to connection type confirms that connection does not act as defect because the strength of retaining wall in single stretcher is similar to that in the section between stretchers. The strength test of the wooden retaining wall was carried out in 5 types according to the condition of the base section. When the upper soil pressure was 9.8 kN/$m^2$, the maximum load of the retaining wall fixing the front foundation shows higher values than those of others. But the total deformation is lower in the retaining wall not to fix a base section than in that to fix a base section. It is thought that the retaining wall not to fix a base section shows low value because the deformation is distributed throughout the retaining wall and it is confirmed that the soil pressure affects supporting the structure because the deformation of the retaining wall under low pressure is 3~4 fold higher than those of others. The failure mode of the retaining wall is the overturning type because the high section is deformed. Mostly, the failure mode is the separation of the header in the notched section.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.19-28
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• 2004

Segmental Retaining Wall(SRW) has been variously applying in Civil and Architecture construction. Recently, the application of environmental element in all type's structures came to essential requirement, and the construction cases of retaining wall using reinforced soil and block are more increased than the past. But, this trend more widely was spread environmental element as landscape work for the backside of reinforced retaining wall as well as block itself. New environmental block, Greenstone Block, developed to apply of this tendency. The retaining wall system using Greenstone can be environmental constructing at both block itself and backside of retaining wall. The material tests, the axial compressive strength test of block and bending test of fiber-pipe, exercised to design and construction of vertical SRW, which were satisfied NCMA standard. Through this procedure, Rewall (ver 1.0) was developed, which can be automation design of SRW including internal stability, external stability and local stability. And these can be considered setback of retaining wall, as well the examples of vertical retaining wall using block presented to satisfying the follows; strength of reinforced geotextile, height of retaining wall, surcharge, types of backfill and groundwater level etc. Many problems investigated on after or before of construction were due to local failure, insufficiency of bearing capacity and groundwater level. Especially, the local failure was many occurred to during compaction or after construction, and the cases of SRW construction is similar to the results of model test on vertical SRW.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3916-3922
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• 2014

Generally, the retaining wall is becoming unstable as the height is higher. On the other hand, the retaining wall with the relieving platform is more stable and more economical than any other type of retaining wall, because the relieving platform the reduce the lateral earth pressure. In this study, numerical analyses were carried out for 15 cases varying with the type of retaining wall, length and location of the relieving platform and the backfill type. From the numerical analyses, the reduction of the lateral earth pressure was checked and the results of numerical analyses were compared with that of model tests and theoretical equations. As the results of this study, the lateral earth pressure of the retaining wall with the relieving platform is considerably less than that of cantilever wall. And the of magnitude of the lateral earth pressure is affected by the length and location of relieving platform and the backfill type.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.15-21
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• 2008

From the practical point of view, general retaining wall systems, such as gravity wall, cantilever wall and reinforced wall, have several problems. As a countermeasure, precast block type retaining wall systems have been developed and used for the various purposes of construction. The retaining wall systems can be applied not only for mechanical purpose but environmentally friendly aspects by changing the shapes of surface plates and planting on the surface plates. On the other hand, the bulging failure was dominant near the center of wall height. Therefore, an individual block has to be estimated for the stability problem related to turnover and the for design of gravity block type wall. On the basis of this result, the optimum section of the wall has to be determined.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.229-230
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• 2011

We could see that, the thinner the retaining wall is, the more advantageous Premixed Agent Type Waterproof method is in the aspect of economic efficiency. The reason is because, in the case of Premixed Agent Type Waterproof method, the thicker the retaining wall is, the higher the construction cost increases due to increase in the material quantity required which increases in proportion to the area in the case of Premixed Agent Type Waterproof method. We could see that, the thinner the retaining wall is, the more inferior the economic efficiency of Infiltration Type Waterproof method is to that of Premixed Agent Type Waterproof method, as, in the case of Infiltration Type Waterproof method, the quantity of material required is fixed in proportion to the area. Consequently, we concluded that Premixed Agent Type Waterproof method is economically advantageous up to the wall thickness of 700 mm and Infiltration Type Waterproof from 800 mm.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.1014-1019
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• 2004

The development of both economical and consistent structure is strongly required for the whole reorganization of the railway network in Korea. Retaining wall is one of the major structures in the vicinity of the railway, which needs improving its external appearance and stability. Therefore, this study presents a new type of retaining wall, so called short-fiber composite reinforced retaining wall, as an alternative of retaining walls, which can be used for constructing the slope and roadbed soil structures. The results from real-scale test and dynamic numerical analysis for developed new one, which helps both the improvement of the external appearance and also the optimum use of the limited space near the railway, show excellent performance. On the basis of these results, it is judged that short-fiber composite reinforced retaining wall has the advantages of choosing the front wall freely and having a chance to use any low quality soil as backfill.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.115-125
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• 2017

PHC-W earth retaining wall could be constructed continuously. Various retaining wall methods such as C.I.P. etc. method require separate waterproof method. However, the PHC-W retaining wall method prevents leakage of groundwater by inserting a waterproofing material at connection part between 2 PHC piles. In this study, the experimental study on 3 waterproofing method for PHC-W retaining wall was conducted at the model pressure chamber. In the method using textile with 1-liquid type and 2-liquid type urethane, rapid leak occurred at the pressure of 120 kPa and 140 kPa or more. In the method of textile with grouting, rapid leak occurred at the pressure of 120 kPa or more, however, in this method, the rapid leakage happened at the top part and the bottom part reinforced with urethane.