• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.564-579
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• 2014

Packaging of shopping bag is a 'silent salesman' which plays an important role in marketing communication due to the increase of self-service outlets and changing lifestyles of customers. Retail shopping bags, which are defined as bags provided by retailers to customer as a means of transporting merchandise, are a type of secondary packaging. This study explored the effect of a fashion product's shopping bag types in sense of shopping value, customers' response, attitude toward advertising, and purchase intention. Data was analyzed by factor analysis, frequency analysis, correlation, structural equation modeling using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results of this study were as follows. Consumers' responses about shopping bags show that there are some differences between consumers who have either hedonic or utilitarian shopping value. Hedonic shopping value influences on consumers' response as unique, interesting, and attention; however utilitarian value affects prestige in addition to those four significant factors. Therefore, this study shows that consumer response is different in accordance with shopping value. Thus, using the various types of shopping bags can be influenced on effective advertising. It will also great effect on marketing activity with lower cost. The significant result from this study has proven that the shopping bag is correlates to the definition of pop art today because it can offer an opportunity to look at, play with and buy sophisticated visual stimulus. Therefore, retail and brands have to concern about shopping bag considering their decisive role in the apparel market.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.486-496
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• 2012

최근 들어 부동산시장의 변화 중 리테일 분야의 변화에 주목할 필요가 있으며, 아웃렛 쇼핑몰은 새로운 소매 환경변화를 보여주는 주요한 공간적 대상이다. 대도시 내부에 위치하고 있는 팩토리형 아웃렛과 스트리트형 아웃렛과는 달리, 프리미엄 아웃렛은 대도시 교외에 입지가 관찰되고 있다. 본 연구는 경기도 파주에 입지하고 있는 신세계 첼시 프리미엄 아웃렛을 방문한 쇼핑객들이 지구차원의 단지형쇼핑공간에 대한 지각된 공간요소와 이용특성을 탐색적 요인분석을 통하여 실증 분석하였다. 사례지 방문자 설문 중 292부의 유효설문을 바탕으로 7개의 주된 공간지각 요인을 도출하였고, 각 구성요소는 시각적, 입지적, 쇼핑지원, 인적, 분위기, 통행편의, 테넌트 요인으로 분석되었다. 도출된 요인은 단지형 아웃렛쇼핑몰의 물리적 구성 요소와 비물리적 요소로 구성되며, 방문객들이 상품구매 욕구와 장소애착에 영향을 줄 수 있는 단위요소로서의 잠재력을 가질 것으로 판단된다. 향후 이용자 특성과 지각을 고려한 아웃렛 쇼핑몰의 기획과 설계에 본 연구결과는 장소마케팅전략으로서의 의미가 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.241-256
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• 2012

Gas station consumers have become increasingly conscious of expanding choices and service options available at retail outlets. The purpose of this study was to determine key factors in customer choice of gas / service stations. This study seeks to identify key the relationship between socio-demographical variables and consumer choice, and consumer satisfaction and loyalty associated with gas / service station usage. The research instrument comprised of a questionnaire in the form of an on-line survey that was administered during November, 2010. A Total of 1,000 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. The collected data were treated with SPSS Windows 18.0 and analyzed in for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results of were as following: First, there was a strong positive relationship between involvement, satisfaction, loyalty of gas station service. Second, satisfaction was significantly affected by involvement, the frequency of gasoline purchases, the information route and customer's occupation. Third, loyalty was significantly affected by consumer satisfaction, involvement, frequency of gasoline purchases, information route and customer's occupation.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2017

Purpose - The current study examines the shopping behavior of Chinese tourists who purchase Korean cosmetics when visiting Korea, based on expectancy-disconfirmation of shopping satisfaction and brand attitude toward Korean cosmetics. A moderating effect of consumer conformity on the relationships between cosmetics selection factors and two dimensions of disconfirmation - expectation and performance is also examined. Research design, data, and methodology - We conducted a survey with 250 Chinese tourists who visited Jeju, Korea and had purchased Korean cosmetics during their stay. Excluding 43 respondents' inputs because of incomplete answers and missing values, 207 responses were used in the final analysis. All hypotheses were tested using structural equation model (SEM). Results - We found that the Chinese tourist expectations had positive impact on their satisfaction, and the factors for cosmetic selection had a positive effect on shopping satisfaction and brand attitude. A moderating effect of consumer conformity was found to be significant. Conclusions - Given the significantly increased demand for Korean cosmetics from Chinese tourists, Korean cosmetics firms need to better understand cosmetics selection attributes and preference of Chinese tourists, which can provide a guideline to develop retail stores and distribution outlets for Chinese tourists.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.703-713
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• 2015

Consumers' psychological demands for e-tail shopping have increased as websites have become one of the most dominant retail outlets for various fashion products. The lack of realistic social stimuli in virtual contexts (websites) has been a major limitation for many online shoppers. Prior research has focused on the viable role of technology to improve positive social factors in e-tailing; however, this study tests the role of tone in text in fashion e-tail sites on consumers' trust and choice confidence. We conducted a self-administered online survey with 309 individuals from the U.S.. The results indicated positive effects of casual tone in text-based content of a fashion e-tail site on trust and confidence. Trust also has a significant positive effect on confidence. Both trust and confidence improved purchase intention. Given the high price of employing an avatar or simulated salesperson online, using tone in text to increase positive social effect on shoppers can be a positive alternative when managers plan e-tail strategies contributing to consumers' positive shopping experience online. Discussions and study limitations are provided.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.842-848
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of domoic acid (DA) a potent neurotoxin, responsible for the syndrome amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) contamination of various species of bivalve shellfish purchased from fish market in Korea and the implications for food safety. Liquid chromatography (LC) methods were applied to quantify DA in shellfish after sample clean-up using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with strong anion exchange (SAX) cartridges. Toxin detection was achieved using photodiode array ultraviolet (LC-UV) and electrospray ionization-mass (LC-ESI-MS). DA was identified in 4 bivalve shellfishes of 872 shellfishes collected from March, 2006 to October, 2007 in Korea. DA amount of 3 surf clams (Mactra veneriformis) collected at Seoul, Daejeon, and Daegu were 4.13, 1.99, and 1.94 mg/kg, respectively. DA amount of 1 pink butterfly shell (Peronidia venulosa) collected at Seoul was 3.02 mg DA/kg. The amounts of DA that were present in 4 bivalve shellfishes were within EU guideline limits for sale of shellfish (20 mg DA/kg).

• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.452-468
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• 2005

The major aim of this study was to find factors that effectively improve the satisfaction of apparel firms' employees who are the internal customer and how these factors affect customer satisfaction. The subjects of the study was salespeople working at major women's apparel retail outlets and their customers located in Seoul. A data from 192 questionnaire were used for the final analysis. Descriptive statistics, factorial analysis, Cronbach's a, Person's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were conducted. The results indicated that factors influenced by internal marketing were recruitmenteducation training, power endorsement, internal communication, CEO's management style and human resource management Regression analysis results indicated that recruitmenteducation training and power endorsement significantly influenced internal performance of the organization (employee's commitment to and satisfaction with the organization). Employee's commitment significantly influenced external performance of the organization, consumer satisfaction where as employees' satisfaction with the organization did not have significant effect.

• 경제분석
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.54-95
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• 2019

본 연구는 온라인 거래량의 증가가 지역 상권에 미치는 영향에 대하여 양적 질적 분석을 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 실증분석은 2002년부터 2016년까지 15년간의 '전국사업체조사'와 '온라인 쇼핑 동향조사' 및 '지역소득조사' 결과와 한국은행의 거시경제 지표 중 '지역별 경제성장률', '소비자물가 등락률', '종가기준 연평균 원달러 환율 등락률' 데이터 등에 기초하여 진행되었다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면, 온라인 거래금액의 증가가 소매업종 점포수의 감소에 영향을 주고 있으며 업종별로 구분하면 기타 가정용품 소매업, 음·식료품 및 담배소매업, 문화, 오락 및 여가용품 소매업 그리고 종합소매업 순으로 감소의 정도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 종합소매업에 포함된 대형종합소매업과 체인화 편의점은 온라인 거래액이 증가함에도 점포수가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 기타 가정용품 등 업종의 점포수 감소한 주요 이유는 매장의 규모가 작은 경우 온라인 거래 대비 제품 품질 직접 비교 및 구매 경험 만족도 등 관점에서 차별성 및 효율성이 떨어지기 때문인 것으로 판단되었다. 온라인 거래액이 증가할 때 점포수가 증가한 소매업종은 체인화 편의점, 기타 상품 전문 소매업 모형, 섬유, 의복, 신발 및 가죽제품 소매업, 그리고 대형종합소매업의 순으로 나타났다. 또한 온라인 거래 증가에 따라 음식점 점포수가 가장 크게 증가하였는데 이는 온라인 거래의 증가 및 인터넷 사용자의 증가에 따라 배달앱 등이 활성화되고 블로그 및 SNS 등을 통한 맛 집 소개 및 사용 후기 전파 등이 증가하여 온라인 거래의 긍정적 영향이 작용한 것 때문으로 판단되었다. 따라서 오프라인 기업들이 온라인 대비 차별성과 경쟁력을 유지하기 위해서는 일정 규모 이상의 매장에서 소비자들이 직접 비교하고 착용하고 경험하는 등의 서비스를 제공할 수 있어야 할 것으로 여겨진다. 임대료는 온라인 거래가 증가함에도 상승하였는데 이는 1층 중대형매장의 임대료를 분석한 것에 기인한다. 즉, 온라인 거래가 증가하여도 사용자 경험을 제공하는 차별화된 매장 수요는 증가하기 때문으로 판단되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 변화와 위기에 대응하는 지역 중소 소매업체들의 사업전략 조정이 필요함을 시사하며 이에 대한 중앙 또는 지방정부 차원의 지원노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2016

Purpose - As more consumers pursue high quality products at reasonable prices, Korean retail companies are increasing investment in expanding their outlet stores. Despite the growing importance of the outlet business, there has been very little empirical research on consumers' outlet shopping behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between consumers' perceived product value (performance quality, value for money, and social value) of outlet stores and overall shopping satisfaction and the effect of shopping satisfaction on outlet store loyalty. Research design, data and methodology - The authors developed a structural model in which performance quality, value for money, and social value of products are proposed to affect overall outlet shopping satisfaction, thus increasing customer loyalty. To analyze the research model, data were collected from 88 shoppers at suburban outlets. SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 were utilized to test the hypotheses. The unidimensionality of each construct was supported from the results of the reliability test with Cronbach's α and confirmatory factor analyses. Correlation analysis was performed and the results warranted the nomological validity of the measures. The fit statistics of the overall model analysis demonstrated an acceptable fit(X²(₁₆₁)=171.651, p=.000; X²/df=1.546; GFI=.821, NFI=.879, TLI=.942, CFI=.953, RMR=.035, RMSEA=.079). Results - The findings are as follows. First, consumers' perceived value of product performance quality had a significant positive effect on overall outlet shopping satisfaction. Consumers, who evaluate performance quality of the product more positively, tend to express stronger satisfaction and happiness about outlet shopping experience. Second, consumers' perceived social value of outlet products influenced their overall satisfaction significantly. Consumers who believe that products of outlet stores enhance self-concepts are more likely to satisfy with outlet shopping experience. However, consumers' perception of outlet products on value for money was not found to significantly influence overall shopping satisfaction. Finally, overall shopping satisfaction had a significant and positive influence on loyalty. Conclusions - While outlet retailers have traditionally focused on promoting competitively priced merchandise, the results of this study suggest that customers' overall satisfaction with outlet shopping is influenced more by the non-price-related product values. In the context of an outlet shopping environment, performance quality and social value of the products were found to be more critical predictors of customer overall satisfaction. Therefore, it would not be efficient for outlet retailers to highlight economic value of their merchandise. Instead, they need to investigate the performance quality of the products regularly and try to deliver quality guaranteed goods to enhance customer satisfaction. Also, outlet retailers should differentiate their businesses by carrying more unique and prestigious brands and emphasize higher social value and symbolic meanings of their products. As competition among outlet retailers are getting fierce, retail companies need to focus on strengthening customer loyalty with a long-term perspective. With a deeper understanding of the relationship between consumers' perceived product values and shopping satisfaction, outlet retailers will be able to develop customer loyalty strategies effectively and to achieve competitive advantage.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.352-358
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enterococci in cheese samples and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance profiles as well as the associated resistance genes. A total of 139 enterococci were isolated from 99 cheese samples, the isolates were identified as E. faecalis (61.2%), E. faecium (15.1%), E. gallinarum (12.9%), E. durans (5.0%), E. casseliflavis (2.9%) and E. avium (2.9%). The most frequent antimicrobial resistance observed in enterococci isolates was to lincomycin (88.5%), followed by kanamycin (84.2%), gentamycin (low level, 51.1%), rifampin (46.8%) and tetracycline (33.8%). Among the isolates, the frequencies of high level gentamycin and streptomycin resistant enterococci strains were 2.2% and 5.8%, respectively. Apart from the mentioned antibiotics, low levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol were found. Moreover no resistance was observed against penicillin and ampicillin. The antimicrobial resistance genes including tetM, tetL, ermB, cat, aph(3’)-IIIa, ant(6)-Ia and aac(6’)-Ieaph(2”)-Ia were found in enterococci from Turkish cheese samples. In the current study, we provided data for antibiotic resistance and the occurrence of resistance genes among enterococci. Regulatory and quality control programs for milk and other dairy products from farms to retail outlets has to be established and strengthened to monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance among emerging food borne pathogens in Turkey.