• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 도로의 안전성을 가늠하는 주요한 인자로서 활용되는 곡선구간의 편경사를 신속하고 안전하게 측정하는 방법으로서 GPS-INS 통합시스템을 제안하고 기 건설된 국도의 편경사를 측정할 경우 기대되는 정확도를 실험을 통해 분석하였다. 기 건설된 국도는 재포장, 포장면의 소성변형으로 인해 횡단경사가 변경되는 경우가 발생하지만 조사비용과 안전상의 문제 때문에 이를 측량하기가 쉽지 않았다. 그러나 GPS-INS 통합시스템을 이용할 경우에는 교통에 방해됨이 없이 차량의 주행만으로 약 0.4% 이내의 정확도로 노면의 경사를 측정할 수 있기 때문에 편경사 측정에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 판단된다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 1999

Since Nakayama's first report about venous flap, many experimental and clinical studies were done about this new type of flap. And due to its various benefits, its applications as arterialized venous free flap type have increased recently. In this study we have attempted to reconstruct composite of defects of the hand with new modification of arterialized venous free flap and simultaneous reconstruction of skin, nerve, tendon were performed successfully. From 1994 to 1999, the defects of the hands in 35 patients were reconstructed with various modifications of arterialized venous free flaps. The range of age was from 19 to 55 years and size of flap ranged from $1{\times}2cm\;to\;14{\times}9cm$. Among them, 12 cases of flap over 20cm in size were included. Indications of flaps were as follows: resurfacing of the defects of the skin (9 cases), simultaneous reconstruction of extensor, skin and digital nerve(2 cases), reconstruction of the skin with extensor(5 cases), as a flap-through type vascular reconstruction(6 cases), for digital nerve reconstruction(2 cases), contracture release(3 cases), and finger tip reconstruction(9 cases). All of the cases except one survived with marginal skin necrosis less than 10%. And relatively large flaps over 20cm in size successfully survived without any delay procedures. Composite reconstructions including tendon and nerve were successful with new modifications of this flap. Arterialized venous free flap is one of the useful procedure in reconstruction of the hand because it has many advantages such as non-bulky and good quality of flap, variable length of pedicle, preservation of major vascular pedicle, less operation time, single operative field and in addition possibility of various modifications.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2007

This study was designed to introduce free toe tissue transfer using infiltration method of local anesthetic agent. Four toe pulp tissues were transferred to reconstruct finger tip defect in four patients who were not suitable for general anesthesia. Two flaps taken from the lateral side of the great toe was used for reconstruction of thumb defect and two flaps from the medial side of the second toe for resurfacing of the index and fifth finger. Flap sizes were various from $2.0{\times}2.0\;cm^2$ to $1.6{\times}4.0\;cm^2$. Anesthesia was induced by infiltration of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (with 1:100,000 epinephrine) with dilution of normal saline in same volume unit, as like as in ordinary digital block. All vessels were anastomosed within 2 cm of distance from the proximal margin of the defect. Whole operative procedures were carried out by one team. All flaps were successfully taken without complication. The average operation time was 4 hours 10 minutes. The amount of anesthetic agent used in whole operative procedures was roughly 4 mL in the toe, 8 mL in the finger, and 12 mL totally. In conclusion, free toe tissue transfer using infiltration method of local anesthetic agent would be good strategy for finger tip reconstruction in the patient not suitable for general anesthesia.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.440-446
• /
• 1995

제초제 Cyhalofop-butyl을 유효성분으로한 유제, microemulsion, 수화제 및 입제를 제조하여 수도에 대한 약해, 피에 대한 제초효과, 피의 경엽에 대한 부착량 및 흡수량을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 수화제에서는 원제를 액상화할 수 있는 보조제가 첨가되었을때 피에 대한 살초효과가 증가하였으며, 이는 경엽에의 흡수량 증가와 일치하였다. 그러나 수화제 살포 수용액의 피에 대한 부착력과 흡수량은 정확히 일치하지는 않았다. 유제는 수화제 보다 높은 살초 효과와 엽면 흡수량을 보였다. Microemulsion에서는 높은 부착력과 함께 엽면에 대한 흡수량도 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 본 원제에 대해서 입제의 적용성을 검정한 결과 유효성분 부상성 입제의 가능성도 확인할 수 있었으며, 피에 대한 살초 효과도 높게 나타났다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.649-654
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Split-or full-thickness skin grafts are used to reconstruct palmar skin and soft tissue defects after trauma or to release burn scar contracture on the hand. Glabrous skin defects should be substituted with similar skin to preserve function and aesthetics. The authors report their experiences with a technique that uses a full-thickness graft taken from glabrous skin on the ulnar edge of the palm for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hand. Methods: During a three-year period from 2007 to 2010, 22 patients with burn scar contracture and 12 patients with post-traumatic skin defects on their hands were treated with full-thickness skin graft operations. The palmar skin and soft tissue defects after release of burn scar contracture or debridement of post-traumatic wounds were reconstructed with full-thickness skin grafts harvested from the ulnar border of their palms. All donor-site wounds were primarily closed. Results: The followup periods ranged from 3 to 25 months. Contractures of the hand were corrected without recurrence, and the grafts showed relatively good contour and color match to the adjacent fields. There were no reported complications such as significant color change or hypertrophic scarring. The grafted skin showed an average 5.9 mm static two-point discrimination obtained in fingertip reconstruction cases, indicating satisfactory reinnervation. Conclusion: Glabrous full-thickness grafts harvested from the palmar ulnar border is a very useful way of reconstructing soft tissue defects on hands, including fingertips, for function restoration, favorable aesthetic results, and low donor-site morbidity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.365-370
• /
• 2019

The syndrome of the trephined is a neurologic phenomenon that manifests as sudden decline in cognition, behavior, and sensorimotor function due to loss of intracranial domain. This scenario typically occurs in the setting of large craniectomy defects, resulting from trauma, infection, and/or oncologic extirpation. Cranioplasty has been shown to reverse these symptoms by normalizing cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism. However, successful reconstruction may be difficult in patients with complex and/or hostile calvarial defects. We present the case of a 48-year-old male with a large cranial bone defect, who failed autologous cranioplasty secondary to infection, and developed rapid neurologic deterioration leading to a near-vegetative state. Following debridement and antibiotic therapy, delayed cranioplasty was accomplished using a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant with free chimeric latissimus dorsi/serratus anterior myocutaneous flap transfer for vascularized resurfacing. Significant improvements in cognition and motor skill were noted in the early postoperative period. At 6-month follow-up, the patient had regained the ability to speak, ambulate and self-feed-correlating with evidence of cerebral/ventricular re-expansion on computed tomography. Based on our findings, we advocate delayed alloplastic implantation with total vascularized soft tissue coverage as a viable alternative for reconstructing extensive, hostile calvarial defects in patients with the syndrome of the trephined.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제29권5A호
• /
• pp.503-510
• /
• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 LMC로 덧씌우기 또는 보수 된 형태의 RC 보의 정적 거동 특성을 파악하는데 있다. 따라서, LMC로 덧씌우기 및 보수된 RC 보를 상대습도 60%, 온도 $20^{\circ}C$의 조건에서 양생을 실시하여 제작하였으며, 제작된 시험체를 4점 휨 실험을 수행하여 균열양상, 파괴거동 및 극한강도 등의 거동을 고찰하였다. 실험결과 전단철근이 보강된 보수형태의 RC보의 경우 100%이상의 내하력을 회복하여 보수 효과가 뛰어난 것을 알 수 있었고, LMC로 압축부에 덧씌우기 된 시험체의 경우 덧씌우기 두께가 증가함에 따라 내하력이 크게 증진되었다. 그러나, 전단철근이 보강되지 않은 보수형태의 시험체와 인장부 덧씌우기된 시험체는 부착계면 파괴양상을 보여주어 보수 및 보강 효과가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부착계면의 거동특성을 파악하기 위하여 전단흐름 개념을 도입하여 LMC로 압축 덧씌우기된 시험체를 대상으로 하중증가에 따른 전단흐름량을 계산하여 부착계면 특성을 수치적으로 나타내었다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.92-100
• /
• 2006

Radial forearm free flap (RFFF) has been established itself as a versatile and widely used method for reconstruction of the head and neck, although it is still criticized for high mortality of donor site. Delayed wound healing, cosmetic deformity, vascular compromise and potentially reduced wrist function have many plastic surgeons hesitate to adapt it as a first choice in micro-reconstruction. To overcome these drawbacks, some techniques for donor-site repair such as V-Y advancement with full thickness skin graft (FTSG), application of artificial dermis ($Terudermis^{(R)}$) or acellular dermal matrix ($AlloDerm^{(R)}$), and double-opposing rhomboid transposition flap have been reported. Authors performed 4 cases of RFFF in old-aged patients of the head and neck cancer from April 2005 to February 2006. We compared the outcomes of donor site of RFFF which were resurfaced with split thickness skin graft (STSG) only and STSG overlying an $AlloDerm^{(R)}$. Patients were all males ranging from 59 to 74 years old (mean, 67.5). Three of them had tongue cancers, and the other showed hypopharyngeal cancer. All cases were pathologically confirmed as squamous cell carcinomas. We included the deep fascia into the flap, so called subfascially elevated RFFF in three cases, and in the other one, we dissected the RFFF suprafascially leaving the fascia intact. The donor site of the suprafascially elevated RFFF was resurfaced with STSG only. Among three of subfascially elevated RFFFs, donor-sites were covered with thin STSG only in one case, and STSG overlying $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ in two cases. All RFFFs were survived completely without any complication. The donor site of the suprafascially elevated RFFF was taken well with STSG only. But, the partial graft loss exposing brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis muscle was unavoidable in all the subfascially elevated RFFFs irregardless of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ application. Considering that many patients of the head and neck cancer are in old ages, we believe the RFFF is still a useful and versatile choice for resurfacing the head and neck region after cancer ablation. Its reliability and functional characteristics could override its criticism for donor site in old-aged cancer patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.521-526
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Most burn scar contractures are curable with skin grafts, but free flaps may be needed in some cases. Due to the adjacent tissue scarring, local flap is rarely used, and thus we may consider free flap which gives us more options than local flap. However, inappropriate performance of free flap may lead to unsatisfactory results despite technical complexity and enormous amount of effort. The author will discuss the points we should consider when using free flaps in treating burn scar contractures Methods: We surveyed patients who underwent free flaps to correct burn scar contractures from 2000 to 2007. We divided patients into two groups. The first group was those in which free flaps were inevitable due to exposure of deep structures such as bones and tendons. The second group was those in which free flap was used to minimize scar contracture and to achieve aesthetic result. Results: We performed 44 free flap on 42 patients. All of the flaps were taken well except one case of partial necrosis and wound dehiscence. Forearm free flap was the most common with 21 cases. Most of the cases(28 cases) in which free flaps were inevitable were on the wrist and lower limbs. These were cases of soft tissue defect due to wide and extensive burns. Free flaps were done in 16 cases to minimize scar contracture and to obtain aesthetic outcome, recipient sites were mostly face and upper extremities. Conclusion: When using free flaps for correction of burn scar contractures, proper release and full resurfacing of the contracture should be carried out in advance. If inadequate free flap is performed, secondary correction is more challenging than in skin grafts. In order to optimize the result of reconstruction, flap thickness, size and scar of the recipient site should be considered, then we can achieve natural shape, and minimize additional correction.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2014

Due to the development of civilization, the humans is privileged the rich of technologies for housing thermal environment. But, this kind of technological development caused enough trouble of energy excessive consumption. For solve this problem, many researchers strive to exploit the low energy sustainable techniques. For such a reason, the eco-friendly techniques of vernacular house are resurfacing. These traditional techniques are applied to a development of eco-friendly modern housing. They are no longer recognized as outdated products. On this context, this study proposes an scientific analysis on the thermal environment characteristics of Neolithic thatched-roof dugout hut(Um house). So far the several studies have been carried out in viewpoint of the history and structural compositions of the Um house which has been used as the normal housing for about 1000 years in the Neolithic era, however the thermal characteristics analysis of the Um house has never been studied. Um house is not a housing which has been composed by the scientific analysis or architectural design technology, but evolved empirically over a long period. This study on the thermal environment characteristics of Um house would provide basic information for the development of korean eco-friendly rural housing by korean climate characteristics. In this study, the thermal environmental characteristics of the Um house in the Neolithic era was analysed experimentally. The results of this study could be summarized as follows: 1. When the solar insolation and the ambient temperature in the daytime were $420W/m^2$ and $17^{\circ}C$ respectively, the surface temperature of the Um house roof covered with the rice straw was $37^{\circ}C$ and that in the roof $32^{\circ}C$, and in the conditions above the air temperature in the room was $15^{\circ}C$. 2. When the ambient relative humidity was 40%, that in the room of the Um house 50%, and at the ambient relative humidity of 90~100%, that in the room was 60%. 3. Through the experimental analysis, it was verified that the enthalpy and relative humidity is in an inverse relationship. 4. In general the comfort degree in the living space is changed with the seasonal climate, also in this study, the comfort degree in the room of the Um house in October and November was higher than that in May and June.